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El estudio muestra los cambios en aspectos epistemológicos, conceptuales, didácticos y estructurales, de cinco maestros de primaria antes y después de participar en un proceso de discusión crítica de sus prácticas de enseñanza en la argumentación en la clase de ciencias. Con el fin de identificar los cambios en los cuatro aspectos, a la información obtenida tras la aplicación de un cuestionario inicial y final, se le realizó un análisis de contenido. Los resultados mostraron un cambio significativo en los componentes: epistemológico, conceptual y didáctico y no tanto en el estructural. Con estos resultados, se ratificó la importancia de ofrecer espacios de participación a los maestros para discutir, evaluar y proponer mecanismos de mejora de sus prácticas en el aula.

Este artículo aborda el problema de la participación de los pobladores en Chile a través del análisis de dos casos paradigmáticos de las políticas sociales de vivienda: Villa La Reina, construida en 1967, durante la llamada Revolución en Libertad y Villa San Arturo, construida treinta años después, durante el período de la Concertación democrática. A través del análisis de estos dos períodos podremos observar como el diseño de políticas de viviendas para los más pobres y excluidos de nuestra sociedad, han perdido fuerza en ciertos principios básicos a los procesos de construcción de una sociedad más democrática, igualitaria e integradora.

A pesar de la segregación urbana y social que caracteriza a la ciudad de Santiago; en ella coexisten también identidades territoriales fuertes en su propuesta de integración social y urbana. Esta investigación aborda desde la perspectiva de sus habitantes, los procesos de construcción identitaria en ocho barrios de Santiago, desde los años cincuenta en adelante. La conclusión es que, pese a los enormes cambios experimentados en la sociedad y la persistencia de la segregación territorial, los barrios analizados destacan por la fuerza de sus identidades y la capacidad de diálogo con la ciudad. A diferencia de otros territorios, estos nacieron de proyectos identitarios y urbanos sólidos pensados e implementados por un conjunto de actores sociales diversos. Hoy sus habitantes se identifican con el barrio y lo defienden sin aplicar mecanismos de aislamiento, y en este proceso histórico, construyen y reafirman el derecho a la ciudad.I spite of Santiago, Chile's socioeconomic segregation,two territorially based identities also are present within this metropolitan area that offer strong proposals for social and urban integration. This study examines how inhabitants of eight neighborhoods in Santiago have constructed local identities since the 1950s. The study's findings indicate that in spite of the enormous changes experienced by Chilean society during this period and the persistence of socio-spatial segregation, the neighborhoods studied reveal the strength of their identities and their capacity to engage in a dialogue with the city. In contrast to other areas of the city, these communities initially emerged with solid identity and urban projects conceived and implemented by a diverse group of social actors. Today, residents identify with and defend their neighborhoods without relying on mechanisms designed to isolate themselves; and within this historical process, they construct and reaffirm the right to the city.

Objectives: We pretend to establish the utility of the ankle-ankle systolic pressure index (AAI) in patients with trauma in the inferior limbs and soft signs of vascular injury describing its sensitivity, specificity and predictive values according to the best cut-off point. Material and method The cohort included 120 patients with trauma in the inferior limbs and soft signs of vascular injury who attended the University Hospital of Santander (Bucaramanga, Colombia) over a period of 4 years (2012-2015). Results: 21 (17.5%) patients had an ankle brachial pressure index (ABI) < .9 at the admission and they received immediately surgical management, finding vascular injury in the operating room; 2 (1.6%) patients had an ABI < .9 in the 6 h monitoring control and they also received surgical management finding vascular injury. Therefore, we found 23 patients with vascular injury. The ROC curves for the ABI and AAI show that they both have a good achievement for the diagnosis of vascular injury in patients with soft signs when they were used one time. In both cases, the traditionally point of .90 has a good discriminatory capacity with a sensitivity of 91% (95% CI: .71-.98), specificity of 100% (95% CI: .96-1.0), positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI: .83-1.0) and negative predictive value of 97% (95% CI: .92-.99). Conclusion: The ankle-ankle systolic pressure index (AAI) allows to rule out vascular injury in the patient with trauma in the inferior limbs and soft signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte is the property of Centro Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Microelectronic computers have encountered challenges in meeting all of today’s demands for information processing. Meeting these demands will require the development of unconventional computers employing alternative processing models and new device physics. Neural network models have come to dominate modern machine learning algorithms, and specialized electronic hardware has been developed to implement them more efficiently. A silicon photonic integration industry promises to bring manufacturing ecosystems normally reserved for microelectronics to photonics. Photonic devices have already found simple analog signal processing niches where electronics cannot provide sufficient bandwidth and reconfigurability. In order to solve more complex information processing problems, they will have to adopt a processing model that generalizes and scales. Neuromorphic photonics aims to map physical models of optoelectronic systems to abstract models of neural networks. It represents a new opportunity for machine information processing on sub-nanosecond timescales, with application to mathematical programming, intelligent radio frequency signal processing, and real-time control. The strategy of neuromorphic engineering is to externalize the risk of developing computational theory alongside hardware. The strategy of remaining compatible with silicon photonics externalizes the risk of platform development. In this perspective article, we provide a rationale for a neuromorphic photonics processor, envisioning its architecture and a compiler. We also discuss how it can be interfaced with a general purpose computer, i.e. a CPU, as a coprocessor to target specific applications. This paper is intended for a wide audience and provides a roadmap for expanding research in the direction of transforming neuromorphic photonics into a viable and useful candidate for accelerating neuromorphic computing.

Introduction: Leukemia constitutes a complex group of haemopathies, which due to their etiology, pathogenesis and mortality, can be considered a public health problem. Its early detection allows for timely remission for confirmation of the diagnosis and early start of treatment. Objective: To describe the sanguineous cellularity in a population with presence of blasts in peripheral blood coming from different regions of Colombia during the year 2017. Methods: A descriptive study, type case series. Hemograms and peripheral blood smears from patients with blast presence or a presumptive diagnosis of leukemia were analyzed in five cities of Colombia, all of whom met the inclusion criteria. Results: 39 patients with presence of de novo blasts from Cúcuta 48.7%, Valledupar 33.3%, Tunja 10.3%, Socorro 5.1% and Villavicencio 2.6% were found. All the individuals were affiliated to the Colombian health care system. Fifty four percent of the subjects were female, with an average age of 44.2 years for men and 32.5 for women. Seventy six percent of the patients presented moderate to severe leukocytosis and 69.2% neutropenia. Ninety-five percent had anemia, 51% hypochromia and 38% microcytes, 74% presented thrombocytopenia and 15% macroplates. Conclusions: These findings are a match to those found in the literature, as for the predominance of the disease by age and sex. Anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia are a set of characteristics that re-main constant in patients with leukemia.

Objective. To evaluate the association of -174G/C IL-6 polymorphism with failure in therapeutic response to methotrexate (MTX) or leflunomide (LEF). This prospective, observational cohort included 96 Mexican-Mestizo patients with moderate or severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), initiating MTX or LEF, genotyped for IL-6 -174G/C polymorphism by PCR-RFLP. Therapeutic response was strictly defined: only if patients achieved remission or low disease activity (DAS-28 < 3.2). Results. Patients with MTX or LEF had significant decrement in DAS-28 (p<0.001); nevertheless, only 14% and 12.5% achieved DAS-28 < 3.2 at 3 and 6 months. After 6 months with any of these drugs the -174G/G genotype carriers (56%) had higher risk of therapeutic failure compared with GC (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07–1.56). By analyzing each drug separately, after 6 months with LEF, GG genotype confers higher risk of therapeutic failure than GC (RR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.05–2.3; p=0.003), or CC (RR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.07–3.14; p=0.001). This risk was also observed in the dominant model (RR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.03–1.72; p=0.02). Instead, in patients receiving MTX no genotype was predictor of therapeutic failure. We concluded that IL-6 -174G/G genotype confers higher risk of failure in therapeutic response to LEF in Mexicans and if confirmed in other populations this can be used as promissory genetic marker to differentiate risk of therapeutic failure to LEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte is the property of Centro Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: We describe a family with a 7-year-old proband case diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) plus secondary anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) as well as two affected paternal aunts. We compared the frequency of these polymorphisms with healthy controls. Objectives: To evaluate the mode of inheritance in this familial case of APS and SLE and the possible association of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) -675 4G/5G and PAI-2 Ser413/Cys polymorphisms. To compare the genotype frequency of these polymorphisms with the results found in a Mexican Mestizo population. Methods: PAI-1 -675 4G/5G and PAI-2 Ser413/Cys were determined by the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique using Bsl I and Mwo I on four generations of the family studied. PAI-2 Ser413/Cys polymorphism was also determined in 50 healthy individuals of Mexican Mestizo origin. Results: The family pedigree demonstrated that this family did not follow a Mendelian inheritance pattern. When the PAI-2 Ser413/Cys polymorphism was examined, we found that 60% (3/5) of the relatives homozygous to Ser413/Ser were affected with SLE and/or APS (p = 0.027). The proband case was 4G/5G genotype for the PAI-1 -675 4G/5G polymorphism. No differences between healthy controls of the Mexican Mestizo population and the family studied for the PAI-2 Ser413/Cys polymorphism or PAI-1 -675 4G/5G polymorphisms were found. Conclusions: Our data indicate that this family did not follow the Mendelian inheritance pattern. The Ser413/Ser genotype demonstrated in 60% of the affected members (3/5) of this family might increase the risk for autoimmune syndromes such as APS or SLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of the freshwater planktonic copepod genus Leptodiaptomus is described for a small pond in Northwestern Mexico. Leptodiaptomus dodsoni n. sp. can be easily distinguished mainly by the presence of an unusually large sinusoid spine on male antennular segment 13, and by the features of the fifth legs of both sexes. This genus is known to be distributed mainly in North America with 19 recognized species. Of these, six ocur in Mexico, and the new species seems to be closely related to most of them. It is probable that this group of species (including the new one) represents the southwards radiation of the genus from North America. Compared to the Caribbean and South American, the North American influence seems to be the most relevant for diaptomid copepods in Mexico. At least two Mexican species of Leptodiaptomus, including L.dodsoni, are restricted in distributional range to high-altitude temporal ponds, and both could be considered endemics. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction: Villaverde's day hospital is an intensive psychotherapeutic treatment Center for adult patients (from 18 to 65 years old) with severe mental disorder. Our patients are included in different group therapies with a therapeutic community approach and a multidisciplinary view, with occupational therapy being an important part of their treatment. Working with patients through occupational therapy (OT) may change depending on the kind of patients treated and the type of units they are on. Objectives: Our OT team has observed a change on the point of view of our patients regarding OT compared to previous experiences so we want to analyze this change in their perspective. Methods: We performed individual interviews focusing on their experience with OT, enquiring about what motivated this change. Results: Through their testimonies, our patients describe a better experience with occupational therapy in our day hospital compared to other units they have been treated on. Conclusions: We believe this change is due to different aspects. Usually our patients come into contact with occupational therapy in acute units, where the main focus is on occupational tasks. In our hospital, occupational therapy has its focus on the patients problems or biography, which they approach through a creative perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study regarding the expression of the T helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokine profile and the NF-κB activity on women with autoimmune rheumatic diseases particularly in pregnancy. Pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) usually developed exacerbations. The study suggests that the success or the failure of the development of pregnancy or related to the underlying diseased cannot be explained only by cytokine profile expressed.

Abstract: The consumption of drinking water rich in fluoride has toxic effects on the central nervous system. In cell biology research, fluoride is currently used as a phosphatase inhibitor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride on different physiological processes in GH4C1 pituitary tumour cells. We used a range of different fluoride concentrations, from levels below normal human serum concentrations (0.23 and 1.2μmol/L) to those observed in chronically exposed persons (10.7μmol/L) and above (107 and 1072μmol/L). Treatment of 10.7μmol/L fluoride resulted in a discrete induction of DNA synthesis, without a change in cell number. Cell migration, a behaviour stimulated by growth factors, was increased in cells treated with 2.4μmol/L. At this fluoride concentration, changes in phosphorylation status of both cytoskeletal and cytosolic protein fractions, as well as in actin cytoskeletal arrangements were observed. The GH4C1 fluoride treated cells had significantly less cellular protein than control cells, suggesting an effect of fluoride on hormone secretion and protein synthesis in this endocrine cell. The bioreduction of MTT was significantly increased with a wide range of fluoride concentrations. With the highest fluoride concentration, 1072μmol/L, all of the analysed parameters were significantly reduced, suggesting that this dose is highly toxic in GH4C1 cells. Our results show that biologically relevant concentrations of fluoride are capable of increasing cell migration in tumour cells, suggesting that exposure to fluoride could stimulate tumour invasion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]