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Valorisation Strategy of Resources Species of the Not Ligneous Products of Savanna of the Vicinity of Kinshasa: II. Ethnobotany Investigation (Medecinals Aspects). Investigation regarding the use of 49 medical species carried out on a sample of 460 plots in Kinshasa showed that 64% of the people surveyed knew at least one medecinal receipt for one the investigated species. Aframomum alboviolaceum, Alchornea cordifolia, Bridelia atroviridis, Hymenocardia acida, Morinda longiflora and Newbouldia laevis are the most quoted. Alimentary and pulmonary systems diseases are mainly treated. The exploitation of leaves and roots in vicinity of Kinshasa accentuate the degradation of savanna ecosystems.

Strategy of Valorization of the Resource Species in Non Woody Products from the Savanna Belt of Kinshasa. I. Ethnobotany Survey. Le sanctuaire de gorilles de Lossi constitue une expérience sur la synergie entre la recherche scientifique et la conservation de la nature. Trois parties prenantes sont impliquées dans un processus de gestion participative: l'Etat congolais, la communauté autochtone représentée par l'association des ayants droits des terres de Lossi et le programme européen sur les écosystèmes forestiers d'Afrique centrale. Une enquête de terrain a été effectuée sur le site de Lossi en 2003; elle avait comme objectif d'étudier les effets générés par la gestion participative et d'identifier les contraintes liées à l'exécution de cette approche participative en milieu réel. Les travaux de recherche sur la primatologie ont abouti à l'habituation des gorilles à la présence humaine, ce qui a conduit à la création d'un tourisme de vision de gorilles de plaine de l'Ouest. Un camp de touristes a été construit, ainsi que l'ouverture de la route d'accès au sanctuaire. Le tourisme a généré des emplois en faveur de la population locale qui est aussi prestataire de contrats sur les travaux de réfection des routes. Une partie des revenus a permis la construction d'un centre de santé intégré. Cependant, les travaux de recherche scientifique et le tourisme ont été ralentis pendant l'apparition de la fièvre hémorragique d'Ebola et pendant les trois épisodes de la guerre civile. La consolidation et le long terme de cette entreprise de cogestion du patrimoine naturel de Lossi consiste en l'établissement d'un plan d'aménagement et de gestion, qui concilie la conservation, le développement rural et la recherche scientifique tout en garantissant une répartition équitable des revenus entre les trois partenaires.

Fruit Trees Contribution to Food Security in Tropical Urban Environment: Instance of Commune of Limete in Kinshasa- Democratic Republic of Congo. Problems of hunger and malnutrition in urban environnements force the populations to exploit all the food resources available. This work investigates the contribution to the diet of the population of the edible fruits produced by the 19 species of trees found in a district of Kinshasa. An investigation carried out in 1.09% of the 18,475 household plots of the commune of Limete permitted to estimate at approximately 47,000 feet the number of trees planted there and their annual production at approximately 4.087 tons. The six main species (Mangifera indica, Persea americana, Elaeis guineensis, Carica papaya, Dacryodes edulis and Musa paradisiaca) account on their own for an approximate total of 36,400 feet. The contribution of these species to the population alimentation was estimated respectively at 10.9 g, 6.1 g, 4.5 g, 4.4 g, 1.8 g and 0.6 g of fruits per person and per day. The control of certain environmental- friendly techniques and environmental education relating to the trees in urban environment should increase the importance of this contribution.

Inventory of Vegetal Species Cultivated in Plots Gardens in Urban Environment. Instance of Limete Commune-Kinshasa- Democratic Republic of Congo. A survey carried out in 201 plots of the "commune" of Limete permitted to inventoriate nineteen species of cultivated vegetables and 764 plants of 18 fruit-tree species planted or kept in this area. Mangifera indica is the most planted tree species and Ipomoae batatas is the most frequently cultivated vegetable species. Promoted and supported, this urban agriculture can modify the town ecosystem characteristics with a vegetation able to purify the air, to regulate the climate, to restore soil fertility and to provide vegetables and fruits to the population.

Effects of Inoculation with Five Glomus Species on Racosperma auriculiforme Growth and Nodulation in a Nursery in the Democratie Republic of the Congo. Racosperma auriculiforme has been inoculated in a nursery with five exotic vesicular - arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) species. Among them, Glomus clarum revealed to be performant. Compared to the uninoculated control and others endomycorhizal species, it has stimulated significantly (P

Effects of Inoculation with Rhizobium TAL 1147'-Glomus Clarum in a Nursery on Racosperma Auriculiforme Growth and Nodulation in Democratie Republic of Congo. The efficiency evaluation of five vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza spp. revealed that the mycobiont Glomus clarum is suitable for the mycorrhizogene replanting of the Kinzono grassy savanna. This present study reports results of effects of its inoculation at the same time that the Rhizobium TAL 1147 in nursery on Racosperma auriculiforme growth and nodulation in this same savanna's soil. Compared to the individual inoculation (Glomus clarum or Rhizobium TAL 1147) and to the uninoculated control, the dual inoculation Rhizobium TAL 1147-Glomus clarum has improved significantly (P

The in vitro antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of ethanol extracts from whole plant, fresh apical stems and calli from fresh apical stem of Phyllanthus amarus cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with indole-butyric acid (IBA)/benzylaminopurine (BAP) 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:4, IBA/BAP/mannitol 1:1:0.5%, IBA/BAP/mannitol: 2% for three months were evaluated. Results indicated that all ethanol extracts showed an in vitro antiplasmodial activity at different extends. The most active ethanol extract was that from callus cultivated with IBA/BAP/ mannitol 1:1:05% (IC50 < 0.19 μg/ml). The ethanol whole plant and intact apical stem extracts exhibited an activity with IC50 values of 2.5 ± 0.4 and 8.2 ± 1.9 μg/ml, respectively. Quercetin, lupeol and ellagic acid displayed an antiplasmodial activity with IC50 values of 3.2 ± 0.6, 8.3 ± 1.4 and 0.07 ± 0.02 μg/ml, respectively. All ethanol extracts and isolated compounds were considered to be non cytotoxic against MT-4 cell lines growth (CC50 > 32 μg/ml). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethanol extracts of fresh apical stems ofPhyllanthus niruriL.(Euphorbiaceae)cultured on Murashige and Skoog(MS)medium supplemented with IBA/BAP/Coco nuciferaL. milk for 1, 2, 4, and 6 months were phytochemically and biologically investigated and compared to the intact plant part and whole plant extracts. A phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids, terpenes, and flavonoids as the major phytochemical groups, but not the same constituents belonging to these groups in all extracts. Alkaloids were detected in whole plant extract and were in traces in the intact apical stem extract and callus extracts. Results from thein vitroantiplasmodial testing indicated that the callus extract 1&ThickSpace;month old(IC 50 &ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;16.3±2.5&ThickSpace;µg/ml)exhibited activity similar to the intact plant part extract(IC 50 &ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;18.2±2.5&ThickSpace;µg/ml)(p&ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;0.05). This activity was significantly higher(p&ThickSpace;<&THICKSPACE;0.001) than that exhibited by extracts from callus cultures 2, 4, and 6 months old(25&ThickSpace;<&ThickSpace;IC 50 &ThickSpace;<&ThickSpace;40&ThickSpace;µg/ml). The activity of these extracts is lower than that displayed by the same extract from the whole plant(IC 50 &ThickSpace;=&ThickSpace;2.5±0.2&ThickSpace;µg/ml). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of dual inoculation with Rhizobium and Glomus spp. on the growth of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit in the nursery, and ten months after outplanting in Zaire. This work underlines the utility to inoculate in the nursery Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, with efficient strains of Rhizobium and endomycorrhizal fungi, in order to ensure good initial plant growth after outplanting. In general, soil fumigation in the nursery allowed growth enhancement of control plants and the best effect of biofertilizers was obtained in the nursery and ten months after outplanting. Glomus vesiculiferum (Thaxter) Gerdemann and Trappe associated or not with Rhizobium TAL 1145 likely produced the same effect by using natural soil in the nursery.

Abstract: The ethanolic extracts from fresh apical stems of Phyllanthus niruri L. (Euphorbiaceae) cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with IBA/BAP/Coco nucifera L. milk for 1, 2, 4 and 6 months were phytochemically and biologically investigated and compared with intact plant part and whole plant extracts. Results from the in vitro antiplasmodial testing indicated that the EtOH extract of a 1-month-old callus culture (IC50 = 16.3 ± 2.5μg/ml) exhibited a higher activity than the ethanolic extracts of the fresh apical stem (IC50 = 18.2 ± 2.4μg/ml) and callus cultures of 2-, 4- and 6-months-old (25μg/ml &#60; IC50 &#60; 40μg/ml). These activities were however lower than that displayed by the ethanolic extract of the whole plant (IC50 &#60; 3μg/ml). The EtOH extract of 1-month-old callus culture (the most active) was fractionated with solvents of different polarities. Its CH2Cl2 fraction rich in terpenic constituents (IC50 = 9.2 ± 3.4μg/ml) exhibited a higher antiplasmodial activity than its isoamylic alcohol fraction obtained at pH 2–3 (IC50 = 25.6 ± 2.3μg/ml) rich in flavonoids. The activity of these two fractions was lower than that displayed by the same fractions from the whole plant (2μg/ml &#60; IC50 &#60; 3μg/ml). Alkaloidic fractions from the whole plant and 1-month-old callus culture of fresh apical stem were considered as inactive (IC50 > 100μg/ml). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]