40 results on '"Lutgens, Ludy C H W"'
Search Results
2. Prognostic impact and causality of age on oncological outcomes in women with endometrial cancer: a multimethod analysis of the randomised PORTEC-1, PORTEC-2, and PORTEC-3 trials
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Wakkerman, Famke C, Wu, Jiqing, Putter, Hein, Jürgenliemk-Schulz, Ina M, Jobsen, Jan J, Lutgens, Ludy C H W, Haverkort, Marie A D, de Jong, Marianne A, Mens, Jan Willem M, Wortman, Bastiaan G, Nout, Remi A, Léon-Castillo, Alicia, Powell, Melanie E, Mileshkin, Linda R, Katsaros, Dionyssios, Alfieri, Joanne, Leary, Alexandra, Singh, Naveena, de Boer, Stephanie M, Nijman, Hans W, Smit, Vincent T H B M, Bosse, Tjalling, Koelzer, Viktor H, Creutzberg, Carien L, and Horeweg, Nanda
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- 2024
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3. Interpretable deep learning model to predict the molecular classification of endometrial cancer from haematoxylin and eosin-stained whole-slide images: a combined analysis of the PORTEC randomised trials and clinical cohorts
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Fremond, Sarah, Andani, Sonali, Barkey Wolf, Jurriaan, Dijkstra, Jouke, Melsbach, Sinéad, Jobsen, Jan J, Brinkhuis, Mariel, Roothaan, Suzan, Jurgenliemk-Schulz, Ina, Lutgens, Ludy C H W, Nout, Remi A, van der Steen-Banasik, Elzbieta M, de Boer, Stephanie M, Powell, Melanie E, Singh, Naveena, Mileshkin, Linda R, Mackay, Helen J, Leary, Alexandra, Nijman, Hans W, Smit, Vincent T H B M, Creutzberg, Carien L, Horeweg, Nanda, Koelzer, Viktor H, and Bosse, Tjalling
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- 2023
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4. Automated causal inference in application to randomized controlled clinical trials
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Wu, Ji Q., Horeweg, Nanda, de Bruyn, Marco, Nout, Remi A., Jürgenliemk-Schulz, Ina M., Lutgens, Ludy C. H. W., Jobsen, Jan J., van der Steen-Banasik, Elzbieta M., Nijman, Hans W., Smit, Vincent T. H. B. M., Bosse, Tjalling, Creutzberg, Carien L., and Koelzer, Viktor H.
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- 2022
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5. Meeting Report: Synopsis of Partial-Body Radiation Diagnostic Biomarkers and Medical Management of Radiation Injury Workshop
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Prasanna, Pataje G. S., Blakely, William F., Bertho, Jean-Marc, Chute, John P., Cohen, Eric P., Goans, Ronald E., Grace, Marcy B., Lillis-Hearne, Patricia K., Lloyd, David C., Lutgens, Ludy C. H. W., Meineke, Viktor, Ossetrova, Natalia I., Romanyukha, Alexander, Saba, Julie D., Weisdorf, Daniel J., Wojcik, Andrzej, Yukihara, Eduardo G., and Pellmar, Terry C.
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- 2010
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6. Monitoring myeloablative therapy-induced small bowel toxicity by serum citrulline concentration: A comparison with sugar permeability tests
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Lutgens, Ludy C. H. W., Blijlevens, Nicole M. A., Deutz, Nicolaas E. P., Donnelly, Peter J., Lambin, Philippe, and de Pauw, Ben E.
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- 2005
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7. Prevalence and Prognosis of Lynch Syndrome and Sporadic Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Endometrial Cancer.
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Post, Cathalijne C B, Stelloo, Ellen, Smit, Vincent T H B M, Ruano, Dina, Tops, Carli M, Vermij, Lisa, Rutten, Tessa A, Jürgenliemk-Schulz, Ina M, Lutgens, Ludy C H W, Jobsen, Jan J, Nout, Remi A, Crosbie, Emma J, Powell, Melanie E, Mileshkin, Linda, Leary, Alexandra, Bessette, Paul, Putter, Hein, Boer, Stephanie M de, Horeweg, Nanda, and Nielsen, Maartje
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DIAGNOSIS of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer ,RESEARCH ,DNA ,HEREDITARY nonpolyposis colorectal cancer ,PROGNOSIS ,GENETIC disorders ,BRAIN tumors ,DNA methylation ,COLORECTAL cancer ,COMPARATIVE studies ,ENDOMETRIAL tumors ,DISEASE prevalence ,RESEARCH funding ,HEREDITARY cancer syndromes - Abstract
Background: Standard screening of endometrial cancer (EC) for Lynch syndrome (LS) is gaining traction; however, the prognostic impact of an underlying hereditary etiology is unknown. We established the prevalence, prognosis, and subsequent primary cancer incidence of patients with LS-associated EC in relation to sporadic mismatch repair deficient (MMRd)-EC in the large combined Post Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma-1, -2, and -3 trial cohort.Methods: After MMR-immunohistochemistry, MLH1-promoter methylation testing, and next-generation sequencing, tumors were classified into 3 groups according to the molecular cause of their MMRd-EC. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox model were used for survival analysis. Competing risk analysis was used to estimate the subsequent cancer probability. All statistical tests were 2-sided.Results: Among the 1336 ECs, 410 (30.7%) were MMRd. A total of 380 (92.7%) were fully triaged: 275 (72.4%) were MLH1-hypermethylated MMRd-ECs; 36 (9.5%) LS MMRd-ECs, and 69 (18.2%) MMRd-ECs due to other causes. Limiting screening of EC patients to 60 years or younger or to 70 years or younger would have resulted in missing 18 (50.0%) and 6 (16.7%) LS diagnoses, respectively. Five-year recurrence-free survival was 91.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 83.1% to 100%; hazard ratio = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.16 to 1.24, P = .12) for LS, 95.5% (95% CI = 90.7% to 100%; hazard ratio = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.55, P = .003) for "other" vs 78.6% (95% CI = 73.8% to 83.7%) for MLH1-hypermethylated MMRd-EC. The probability of subsequent LS-associated cancer at 10 years was 11.6% (95% CI = 0.0% to 24.7%), 1.5% (95% CI = 0.0% to 4.3%), and 7.0% (95% CI = 3.0% to 10.9%) within the LS, "other," and MLH1-hypermethylated MMRd-EC groups, respectively.Conclusions: The LS prevalence in the Post Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma trial population was 2.8% and among MMRd-ECs was 9.5%. Patients with LS-associated ECs showed a trend towards better recurrence-free survival and higher risk for second cancers compared with patients with MLH1-hypermethylated MMRd-EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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8. Surgery and postoperative radiotherapy versus surgery alone for patients with stage-1 endometrial carcinoma: multicentre randomised trial
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Creutzberg, Carien L, van Putten, Wim L J, Koper, Peter C M, Lybeert, Marnix L M, Jobsen, Jan J, Wárlám-Rodenhuis, Carla C, De Winter, Karin A J, Lutgens, Ludy C H W, van den Bergh, Alfons C M, van de Steen-Banasik, Elzbieta, Beerman, Henk, and van Lent, Mat
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- 2000
9. PORTEC-4a: international randomized trial of molecular profile-based adjuvant treatment for women with high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer.
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van den Heerik, Anne Sophie V. M., Horeweg, Nanda, Nout, Remi A., Lutgens, Ludy C. H. W., van der Steen-Banasik, Elzbieta M., Westerveld, G. Henrike, van den Berg, Hetty A., Slot, Annerie, Koppe, Friederike L. A., Kommoss, Stefan, Mens, Jan Willem M., Nowee, Marlies E., Bijmolt, Stefan, Cibula, David, Stam, Tanja C., Jurgenliemk-Schulz, Ina M., Snyers, An, Hamann, Moritz, Zwanenburg, Aleida G., and Coen, Veronique L. M. A.
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RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,ENDOMETRIAL cancer ,RADIOISOTOPE brachytherapy ,QUALITY of life ,ADJUVANT treatment of cancer - Abstract
Background Vaginal brachytherapy is currently recommended as adjuvant treatment in patients with highintermediate risk endometrial cancer to maximize local control and has only mild side effects and no or limited impact on quality of life. However, there is still considerable overtreatment and also some undertreatment, which may be reduced by tailoring adjuvant treatment to the patients' risk of recurrence based on molecular tumor characteristics. Primary objectives To compare the rates of vaginal recurrence in women with high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer, treated after surgery with molecularintegrated risk profile-based recommendations for either observation, vaginal brachytherapy or external pelvic beam radiotherapy or with standard adjuvant vaginal brachytherapy Study hypothesis Adjuvant treatment based on a molecular-integrated risk profile provides similar local control and recurrence-free survival as current standard adjuvant brachytherapy in patients with high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer, while sparing many patients the morbidity of adjuvant treatment and reducing healthcare costs. Trial design A multicenter, international phase III randomized trial (2:1) of molecular-integrated risk profilebased adjuvant treatment (experimental arm) or adjuvant vaginal brachytherapy (standard arm). Major inclusion/exclusion criteria Women aged 18 years and over with a histological diagnosis of highintermediate risk endometrioid endometrial cancer after total abdominal or laparoscopic hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. High-intermediate risk factors are defined as: (i) International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IA (with invasion) and grade 3; (ii) stage IB grade 1 or 2 with age ≥60 and/or lymph-vascular space invasion; (iii) stage IB, grade 3 without lymph-vascular space invasion; or (iv) stage II (microscopic and grade 1). Endpoints The primary endpoint is vaginal recurrence. Secondary endpoints are recurrence-free and overall survival; pelvic and distant recurrence; 5-year vaginal control (including treatment for relapse); adverse events and patient-reported symptoms and quality of life; and endometrial cancer-related healthcare costs. Sample size 500 eligible and evaluable patients. Estimated dates for completing accrual and presenting results Estimated date for completing accrual will be late 2021. Estimated date for presentation of (first) results is expected in 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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10. Plasma citrulline concentration: A surrogate end point for radiation-induced mucosal atrophy of the small bowel. A feasibility study in 23 patients
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Lutgens, Ludy C. H. W., Deutz, Nicolaas, Granzier-Peeters, Marlies, Beets-Tan, Regina, De Ruysscher, Dirk, Gueulette, John, Cleutjens, Jack, Berger, Martijn, Wouters, Bradly, von Meyenfeldt, Maarten, and Lambin, Philippe
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RADIATION , *CANCER patients , *PHOTOTHERAPY , *EXFOLIATIVE cytology - Abstract
Purpose: Plasma citrulline, a nitrogen end product of glutamine metabolism in small-bowel enterocytes, was suggested as a marker of radiation-induced small-bowel epithelial cell loss in mice after single-dose whole-body irradiation. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of citrulline as a marker for radiation-induced small-intestinal mucosal atrophy in patients during and after abdominal fractionated radiotherapy.Methods and materials: Twenty-three patients were studied weekly during treatment and at intervals of 2 weeks and 3 and 6 months after treatment by postabsorptive plasma citrulline concentration and clinical toxicity grading. The interrelationship between these variables and the correlation with small-bowel dose and volume parameters were investigated.Results: During fractionated radiotherapy, citrulline concentration significantly decreased as a function of the radiation dose (p < 0.001) and the volume of small bowel treated (p = 0.001). The plasma citrulline concentration correlated with clinical toxicity during the last 3 weeks of treatment. As a whole, citrulline concentration correlated better with radiation dose and volume parameters than clinical toxicity grading.Conclusions: In patients treated with fractionated radiation therapy for abdominal or pelvic cancer sites, plasma citrulline concentration may be a simple objective marker for monitoring epithelial cell loss, a major event in acute radiation-induced small-bowel toxicity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2004
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11. Synopsis of Partial-Body Radiation Diagnostic Biomarkers and Medical Management of Radiation Injury Workshop
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Prasanna, Pataje G. S., Blakely, William F., Bertho, Jean-Marc, Chute, John P., Cohen, Eric P., Goans, Ronald E., Grace, Marcy B., Lillis-Hearne, Patricia K., Lloyd, David C., Lutgens, Ludy C. H. W., Meineke, Viktor, Ossetrova, Natalia I., Romanyukha, Alexander, Saba, Julie D., Weisdorf, Daniel J., Wojcik, Andrzej, Yukihara, Eduardo G., and Pellmar, Terry C.
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- 2010
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12. Prediction of recurrence risk in endometrial cancer with multimodal deep learning.
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Volinsky-Fremond S, Horeweg N, Andani S, Barkey Wolf J, Lafarge MW, de Kroon CD, Ørtoft G, Høgdall E, Dijkstra J, Jobsen JJ, Lutgens LCHW, Powell ME, Mileshkin LR, Mackay H, Leary A, Katsaros D, Nijman HW, de Boer SM, Nout RA, de Bruyn M, Church D, Smit VTHBM, Creutzberg CL, Koelzer VH, and Bosse T
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- Humans, Female, Prognosis, Middle Aged, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Aged, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Risk Factors, Neoplasm Staging, Endometrial Neoplasms pathology, Endometrial Neoplasms genetics, Deep Learning, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local pathology, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local genetics
- Abstract
Predicting distant recurrence of endometrial cancer (EC) is crucial for personalized adjuvant treatment. The current gold standard of combined pathological and molecular profiling is costly, hampering implementation. Here we developed HECTOR (histopathology-based endometrial cancer tailored outcome risk), a multimodal deep learning prognostic model using hematoxylin and eosin-stained, whole-slide images and tumor stage as input, on 2,072 patients from eight EC cohorts including the PORTEC-1/-2/-3 randomized trials. HECTOR demonstrated C-indices in internal (n = 353) and two external (n = 160 and n = 151) test sets of 0.789, 0.828 and 0.815, respectively, outperforming the current gold standard, and identified patients with markedly different outcomes (10-year distant recurrence-free probabilities of 97.0%, 77.7% and 58.1% for HECTOR low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups, respectively, by Kaplan-Meier analysis). HECTOR also predicted adjuvant chemotherapy benefit better than current methods. Morphological and genomic feature extraction identified correlates of HECTOR risk groups, some with therapeutic potential. HECTOR improves on the current gold standard and may help delivery of personalized treatment in EC., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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13. Author Correction: Prediction of recurrence risk in endometrial cancer with multimodal deep learning.
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Volinsky-Fremond S, Horeweg N, Andani S, Barkey Wolf J, Lafarge MW, de Kroon CD, Ørtoft G, Høgdall E, Dijkstra J, Jobsen JJ, Lutgens LCHW, Powell ME, Mileshkin LR, Mackay H, Leary A, Katsaros D, Nijman HW, de Boer SM, Nout RA, de Bruyn M, Church D, Smit VTHBM, Creutzberg CL, Koelzer VH, and Bosse T
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- 2024
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14. Molecular Classification Predicts Response to Radiotherapy in the Randomized PORTEC-1 and PORTEC-2 Trials for Early-Stage Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer.
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Horeweg N, Nout RA, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Lutgens LCHW, Jobsen JJ, Haverkort MAD, Mens JWM, Slot A, Wortman BG, de Boer SM, Stelloo E, Verhoeven-Adema KW, Putter H, Smit VTHBM, Bosse T, and Creutzberg CL
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- Female, Humans, Combined Modality Therapy, Radiation Oncology, Endometrial Neoplasms genetics, Endometrial Neoplasms radiotherapy, Brachytherapy
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Purpose: The molecular classification of endometrial cancer (EC) has proven to have prognostic value and is predictive of response to adjuvant chemotherapy. Here, we investigate its predictive value for response to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) in early-stage endometrioid EC (EEC)., Methods: Data of the randomized PORTEC-1 trial (n = 714) comparing pelvic EBRT with no adjuvant therapy in early-stage intermediate-risk EC and the PORTEC-2 trial (n = 427) comparing VBT with EBRT in early-stage high-intermediate-risk EC were used. Locoregional (including vaginal and pelvic) recurrence-free survival was compared between treatment groups across the four molecular classes using Kaplan-Meier's methodology and log-rank tests., Results: A total of 880 molecularly classified ECs, 484 from PORTEC-1 and 396 from PORTEC-2, were included. The majority were FIGO-2009 stage I EEC (97.2%). The median follow-up was 11.3 years. No locoregional recurrences were observed in EC with a pathogenic mutation of DNA polymerase-ε ( POLE mut EC). In mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd) EC, locoregional recurrence-free survival was similar after EBRT (94.2%), VBT (94.2%), and no adjuvant therapy (90.3%; P = .74). In EC with a p53 abnormality (p53abn EC), EBRT (96.9%) had a substantial benefit over VBT (64.3%) and no adjuvant therapy (72.2%; P = .048). In EC with no specific molecular profile (NSMP EC), both EBRT (98.3%) and VBT (96.2%) yielded better locoregional control than no adjuvant therapy (87.7%; P < .0001)., Conclusion: The molecular classification of EC predicts response to radiotherapy in stage I EEC and may guide adjuvant treatment decisions. Omitting radiotherapy seems to be safe in POLE mut EC. The benefit of radiotherapy seems to be limited in MMRd EC. EBRT yields a significantly better locoregional recurrence-free survival than VBT or no adjuvant therapy in p53abn EC. VBT is the treatment of choice for NSMP EC as it is as effective as EBRT and significantly better than no adjuvant therapy for locoregional tumor control.
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- 2023
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15. QPOLE : A Quick, Simple, and Cheap Alternative for POLE Sequencing in Endometrial Cancer by Multiplex Genotyping Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction.
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Van den Heerik ASVM, Ter Haar NT, Vermij L, Jobsen JJ, Brinkhuis M, Roothaan SM, Leon-Castillo A, Ortoft G, Hogdall E, Hogdall C, Van Wezel T, Lutgens LCHW, Haverkort MAD, Khattra J, McAlpine JN, Creutzberg CL, Smit VTHBM, Gilks CB, Horeweg N, and Bosse T
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- Female, Humans, Genotype, Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins genetics, Disease-Free Survival, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Endometrial Neoplasms diagnosis, Endometrial Neoplasms genetics, Endometrial Neoplasms pathology
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Purpose: Detection of 11 pathogenic variants in the POLE gene in endometrial cancer (EC) is critically important to identify women with a good prognosis and reduce overtreatment. Currently, POLE status is determined by DNA sequencing, which can be expensive, relatively time-consuming, and unavailable in hospitals without specialized equipment and personnel. This may hamper the implementation of POLE -testing in clinical practice. To overcome this, we developed and validated a rapid, low-cost POLE hotspot test by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, QPOLE ., Materials and Methods: Primer and fluorescence-labeled 5'-nuclease probe sequences of the 11 established pathogenic POLE mutations were designed. Three assays, QPOLE -frequent for the most common mutations and QPOLE -rare-1 and QPOLE-rare-2 for the rare variants, were developed and optimized using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. The simplicity of the design enables POLE status assessment within 4-6 hours after DNA isolation. An interlaboratory external validation study was performed to determine the practical feasibility of this assay., Results: Cutoffs for POLE wild-type, POLE -mutant, equivocal, and failed results were predefined on the basis of a subset of POLE mutants and POLE wild-types for the internal and external validation. For equivocal cases, additional DNA sequencing is recommended. Performance in 282 EC cases, of which 99 were POLE -mutated, demonstrated an overall accuracy of 98.6% (95% CI, 97.2 to 99.9), a sensitivity of 95.2% (95% CI, 90.7 to 99.8), and a specificity of 100%. After DNA sequencing of 8.8% equivocal cases, the final sensitivity and specificity were 96.0% (95% CI, 92.1 to 99.8) and 100%. External validation confirmed feasibility and accuracy., Conclusion: QPOLE is a qPCR assay that is a quick, simple, and reliable alternative for DNA sequencing. QPOLE detects all pathogenic variants in the exonuclease domain of the POLE gene. QPOLE will make low-cost POLE -testing available for all women with EC around the globe.
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- 2023
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16. Association of persistent morbidity after radiotherapy with quality of life in locally advanced cervical cancer survivors.
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Spampinato S, Tanderup K, Lindegaard JC, Schmid MP, Sturdza A, Segedin B, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, De Leeuw A, Bruheim K, Mahantshetty U, Chargari C, Rai B, Cooper R, van der Steen-Banasik E, Sundset M, Wiebe E, Villafranca E, Van Limbergen E, Pieters BR, Tee Tan L, Lutgens LCHW, Hoskin P, Smet S, Pötter R, Nout R, Chopra S, and Kirchheiner K
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- Female, Humans, Quality of Life, Prospective Studies, Morbidity, Survivors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cancer Survivors, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms therapy
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Purpose: To quantify the association of persistent morbidity with different aspects of quality of life (QOL) in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) survivors., Material and Methods: Longitudinal outcome from the EMBRACE-I study was evaluated. Patient-reported symptoms and QOL were prospectively scored (EORTC-C30/CX24) at baseline and regular follow-ups. Physician-assessed symptoms were also reported (CTCAEv.3). Persistent symptoms were defined if present in at least half of the follow-ups. QOL items were linearly transformed into a continuous scale. Linear mixed-effects models (LMM) were applied to evaluate and quantify the association of persistent symptoms with QOL. Overall QOL deterioration was evaluated by calculating the integral difference in QOL over time obtained with LMM for patients without and with persistent symptoms., Results: Out of 1416 patients enrolled, 741 with baseline and ≥ 3 late follow-ups were analyzed (median 59 months). Proportions of persistent EORTC symptoms ranged from 21.8 % to 64.9 % (bowel control and tiredness). For CTCAE the range was 11.3-28.6 % (limb edema and fatigue). Presence of any persistent symptom was associated with QOL, although with varying magnitude. Role functioning and Global health/QOL were the most impaired aspects. Fatigue and pain showed large differences, with reductions of around 20 % for most of the QOL aspects. Among organ-related symptoms, abdominal cramps showed the largest effect., Conclusion: Persistent symptoms are associated with QOL reductions in LACC survivors. Organ-related symptoms showed smaller differences than general symptoms such as fatigue and pain. In addition to optimizing treatment to minimize organ-related morbidity, effort should be directed towards a more comprehensive and targeted morbidity management., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2023
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17. Defining Substantial Lymphovascular Space Invasion in Endometrial Cancer.
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Peters EEM, León-Castillo A, Smit VTHBM, Boennelycke M, Hogdall E, Hogdall C, Creutzberg C, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Jobsen JJ, Mens JWM, Lutgens LCHW, van der Steen-Banasik EM, Ortoft G, Bosse T, and Nout R
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- Female, Humans, Lymph Nodes pathology, Lymphatic Metastasis pathology, Neoplasm Invasiveness pathology, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, Reproducibility of Results, Retrospective Studies, Endometrial Neoplasms diagnosis, Endometrial Neoplasms pathology, Lymphatic Vessels pathology
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Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) occurs in a minority of endometrial cancer (EC) cases, and the extent of LVSI is an important risk factor for recurrence and/or metastases. Our aim was to improve the reproducibility of measuring clinically meaningful LVSI by performing a quantitative analysis of the correlation between LVSI and the risk of pelvic lymph node recurrence in EC. EC samples from PORTEC-1 and PORTEC-2 trials were retrieved and used to collect quantitative data, including the number of LVSI-positive vessels per H&E-stained slide. Using a predefined threshold for clinical relevance, the risk of pelvic lymph node recurrence risk was calculated (Kaplan-Meier method, with Cox regression) using a stepwise adjustment for the number of LVSI-positive vessels. This analysis was then repeated in the Danish Gynecological Cancer Database (DGCD) cohort. Among patients in PORTEC-1 and PORTEC-2 trials who did not receive external beam radiotherapy, the 5-yr pelvic lymph node recurrence risk was 3.3%, 6.7% (P=0.51), and 26.3% (P<0.001), respectively when 0, 1 to 3, or ≥4 vessels had LVSI involvement; similar results were obtained for the DGCD cohort. Furthermore, both the average number of tumor cells in the largest embolus and the number of LVSI-positive H&E slides differed significantly between focal LVSI and substantial LVSI. On the basis of these results, we propose a numeric threshold (≥4 LVSI-involved vessels in at least one H&E slide) for defining clinically relevant LVSI in EC, thereby adding supportive data to the semiquantitative approach. This will help guide gynecologic pathologists to differentiate between focal and substantial LVSI, especially in borderline cases., Competing Interests: R.N. reports grants by the Dutch Cancer Society, Dutch Research Council, Elekta, Varian and Accuracy, all unrelated to this work. C.C. reports grants by the Dutch Cancer Society. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 by the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists.)
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- 2022
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18. Risk Factors for Late Persistent Fatigue After Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: An Analysis From the EMBRACE-I Study.
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Smet S, Spampinato S, Pötter R, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Nout RA, Chargari C, Mahantshetty U, Sturdza A, Segedin B, Bruheim K, Hoskin P, Rai B, Huang F, Cooper R, Van der Steen-Banasik E, Sundset M, Van Limbergen E, Tan LT, Lutgens LCHW, Villafranca E, Pieters BR, Tanderup K, and Kirchheiner K
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- Female, Humans, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Chemoradiotherapy adverse effects, Fatigue etiology, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms drug therapy, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms pathology
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Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate patient- and treatment-related risk factors for late persistent fatigue within the prospective, multicenter EMBRACE-I study., Methods and Materials: Fatigue was prospectively assessed (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3) at baseline and during regular follow up in 993 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer after treatment with chemoradiotherapy and magnetic resonance imaging-guided brachytherapy. Risk factors for baseline and late persistent fatigue were evaluated with multivariable logistic regression. Late persistent fatigue was defined when either grade ≥1 or ≥2 was scored in at least half of the follow ups., Results: The median follow-up time was 57 months. Baseline fatigue grade ≥1/≥2 (35.8%/6.3%, respectively) was associated with preexisting comorbidities, World Health Organization performance status, being underweight, severe pain, and tumor volume. Late persistent grade ≥1/≥2 fatigue (36.3%/5.8%, respectively) was associated with patient-related factors (baseline fatigue, younger age, obesity) along with the size of irradiated volumes and the level of radiation doses from external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and brachytherapy (EBRT: V43Gy, V57Gy; EBRT + brachytherapy: V60Gy equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions). Large-volume lymph node (LN) boost increased the risk for late persistent fatigue grade ≥2 by 18% and 5% in patients with and without baseline fatigue, respectively, compared with no LN boost. The risk for late persistent fatigue grade ≥1 increased by 7% and 4% with V43Gy <2000 cm³ versus >3000 cm³ in patients with and without baseline fatigue, respectively. Late persistent grade ≥1 fatigue occurred in 13% of patients without late persistent organ-related symptoms (gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and vaginal) versus 34% to 43%, 50% to 58%, and 73% in patients suffering from persistent symptoms involving 1, 2, or 3 organs, respectively., Conclusions: Late persistent fatigue occurs in a considerable number of patients after chemoradiotherapy, and is associated with patient-related factors, the size of volumes irradiated to intermediate and high EBRT and brachytherapy doses, and other persistent organ-related morbidity. These findings support the importance of ongoing efforts to better tailor the target dose and reduce irradiation of healthy tissue without compromising target coverage, using highly conformal EBRT and brachytherapy techniques., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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19. Severity and Persistency of Late Gastrointestinal Morbidity in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: Lessons Learned From EMBRACE-I and Implications for the Future.
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Spampinato S, Jensen NBK, Pötter R, Fokdal LU, Chargari C, Lindegaard JC, Schmid MP, Sturdza A, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Mahantshetty U, Hoskin P, Segedin B, Rai B, Bruheim K, Wiebe E, Van der Steen-Banasik E, Cooper R, Van Limbergen E, Sundset M, Pieters BR, Lutgens LCHW, Tan LT, Villafranca E, Smet S, Jastaniyah N, Nout RA, Kirisits C, Chopra S, Kirchheiner K, Tanderup K, and Embrace Collaborative Group
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- Chemoradiotherapy adverse effects, Chemoradiotherapy methods, Female, Gastrointestinal Tract, Humans, Morbidity, Radiotherapy Dosage, Rectum, Brachytherapy methods, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms drug therapy, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms radiotherapy
- Abstract
Purpose: The purpose was to evaluate patient- and treatment-related risk factors for physician-assessed and patient-reported gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms after radio(chemo)therapy and image guided adaptive brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer., Methods and Materials: Of 1416 patients from the EMBRACE-I study, 1199 and 1002 were prospectively evaluated using physician-assessed (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE]) and patient-reported (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC]) GI symptoms, respectively. CTCAE severe grade (grade [G] ≥3) events were pooled according to the location in the GI tract (anus/rectum, sigmoid, and colon/small bowel). CTCAE G ≥2 and EORTC "very much" and "quite a bit" plus "very much" scores (≥ "quite a bit") were analyzed for individual symptoms with Cox regression. Logistic regression was used for persistent G ≥1 and EORTC ≥ "quite a bit" symptoms, defined if present in at least half of follow-ups., Results: The incidence of G ≥3 events was 2.8%, 1.8%, and 2.3% for G ≥3 anus/rectum, sigmoid, and colon/small bowel events, respectively. Among G ≥2 symptoms, diarrhea and flatulence were the most prevalent (8.5% and 9.9%, respectively). Among patient-related factors, baseline morbidity, increasing age, smoking status, and low body mass index were associated with GI symptoms to varying degrees. Among treatment-related factors, rectum D
2cm3 and the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements recto-vaginal reference point (ICRU RV-RP) correlated with G ≥3 anus/rectum events and moderate/persistent diarrhea, proctitis, bleeding, abdominal cramps, and difficulty in bowel control. Bowel D2cm3 correlated with G ≥3 sigmoid and colon/small bowel events and moderate/persistent diarrhea and flatulence. For external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), prescription dose correlated with G ≥3 anus/rectum, diarrhea, and difficulty in bowel control. Patients with large lymph-node boost (V57Gy) were at higher risk for G ≥3 sigmoid events, moderate/persistent diarrhea, proctitis, and cramps., Conclusions: The analysis showed that both EBRT and image guided adaptive brachytherapy contribute to GI symptoms after locally advanced cervical cancer treatment. Rectum D2cm3 , ICRU RV-RP , and bowel D2cm3 are risk factors for GI morbidity. The risk for various symptoms was lower with an EBRT prescription of 45 Gy than 50 Gy and increased with larger V57Gy., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
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20. Radiation Therapy Techniques and Treatment-Related Toxicity in the PORTEC-3 Trial: Comparison of 3-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy Versus Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy.
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Wortman BG, Post CCB, Powell ME, Khaw P, Fyles A, D'Amico R, Haie-Meder C, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, McCormack M, Do V, Katsaros D, Bessette P, Baron MH, Nout RA, Whitmarsh K, Mileshkin L, Lutgens LCHW, Kitchener HC, Brooks S, Nijman HW, Astreinidou E, Putter H, Creutzberg CL, and de Boer SM
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- Humans, Quality of Life, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted methods, Radiotherapy, Conformal adverse effects, Radiotherapy, Conformal methods, Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated adverse effects, Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated methods
- Abstract
Purpose: Radiation therapy techniques have developed from 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) to intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), with better sparing of the surrounding normal tissues. The current analysis aimed to investigate whether IMRT, compared to 3DCRT, resulted in fewer adverse events (AEs) and patient-reported symptoms in the randomized PORTEC-3 trial for high-risk endometrial cancer., Methods and Materials: Data on AEs and patient-reported quality of life (QoL) of the PORTEC-3 trial were available for analysis. Physician-reported AEs were graded using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0. QoL was assessed by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQC30, CX24, and OV28 questionnaires. Data were compared between 3DCRT and IMRT. A P value of ≤ .01 was considered statistically significant due to the risk of multiple testing. For QoL, combined scores 1 to 2 ("not at all" and "a little") versus 3 to 4 ("quite a bit" and "very much") were compared between the techniques., Results: Of 658 evaluable patients, 559 received 3DCRT and 99 IMRT. Median follow-up was 74.6 months. During treatment no significant differences were observed, with a trend for more grade ≥3 AEs, mostly hematologic and gastrointestinal, after 3DCRT (37.7% vs 26.3%, P = .03). During follow-up, 15.4% (vs 4%) had grade ≥2 diarrhea, and 26.1% (vs 13.1%) had grade ≥2 hematologic AEs after 3DCRT (vs IMRT) (both P < .01). Among 574 (87%) patients evaluable for QoL, 494 received 3DCRT and 80 IMRT. During treatment, 37.5% (vs 28.6%) reported diarrhea after 3DCRT (vs IMRT) (P = .125); 22.1% (versus 10.0%) bowel urgency (P = 0039), and 18.2% and 8.6% abdominal cramps (P = .058). Other QoL scores showed no differences., Conclusions: IMRT resulted in fewer grade ≥3 AEs during treatment and significantly lower rates of grade ≥2 diarrhea and hematologic AEs during follow-up. Trends toward fewer patient-reported bowel urgency and abdominal cramps were observed after IMRT compared to 3DCRT., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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21. Prevalence and Prognosis of Lynch Syndrome and Sporadic Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Endometrial Cancer.
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Post CCB, Stelloo E, Smit VTHBM, Ruano D, Tops CM, Vermij L, Rutten TA, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Lutgens LCHW, Jobsen JJ, Nout RA, Crosbie EJ, Powell ME, Mileshkin L, Leary A, Bessette P, Putter H, de Boer SM, Horeweg N, Nielsen M, Wezel TV, Bosse T, and Creutzberg CL
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- Brain Neoplasms, Colorectal Neoplasms, DNA Methylation, DNA Mismatch Repair genetics, Female, Humans, MutL Protein Homolog 1 genetics, Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary, Prevalence, Prognosis, Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis diagnosis, Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis epidemiology, Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis genetics, Endometrial Neoplasms epidemiology, Endometrial Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Background: Standard screening of endometrial cancer (EC) for Lynch syndrome (LS) is gaining traction; however, the prognostic impact of an underlying hereditary etiology is unknown. We established the prevalence, prognosis, and subsequent primary cancer incidence of patients with LS-associated EC in relation to sporadic mismatch repair deficient (MMRd)-EC in the large combined Post Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma-1, -2, and -3 trial cohort., Methods: After MMR-immunohistochemistry, MLH1-promoter methylation testing, and next-generation sequencing, tumors were classified into 3 groups according to the molecular cause of their MMRd-EC. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox model were used for survival analysis. Competing risk analysis was used to estimate the subsequent cancer probability. All statistical tests were 2-sided., Results: Among the 1336 ECs, 410 (30.7%) were MMRd. A total of 380 (92.7%) were fully triaged: 275 (72.4%) were MLH1-hypermethylated MMRd-ECs; 36 (9.5%) LS MMRd-ECs, and 69 (18.2%) MMRd-ECs due to other causes. Limiting screening of EC patients to 60 years or younger or to 70 years or younger would have resulted in missing 18 (50.0%) and 6 (16.7%) LS diagnoses, respectively. Five-year recurrence-free survival was 91.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 83.1% to 100%; hazard ratio = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.16 to 1.24, P = .12) for LS, 95.5% (95% CI = 90.7% to 100%; hazard ratio = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.55, P = .003) for "other" vs 78.6% (95% CI = 73.8% to 83.7%) for MLH1-hypermethylated MMRd-EC. The probability of subsequent LS-associated cancer at 10 years was 11.6% (95% CI = 0.0% to 24.7%), 1.5% (95% CI = 0.0% to 4.3%), and 7.0% (95% CI = 3.0% to 10.9%) within the LS, "other," and MLH1-hypermethylated MMRd-EC groups, respectively., Conclusions: The LS prevalence in the Post Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma trial population was 2.8% and among MMRd-ECs was 9.5%. Patients with LS-associated ECs showed a trend towards better recurrence-free survival and higher risk for second cancers compared with patients with MLH1-hypermethylated MMRd-EC., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press.)
- Published
- 2021
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22. Patients' and clinicians' preferences in adjuvant treatment for high-risk endometrial cancer: Implications for shared decision making.
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Post CCB, Mens JWM, Haverkort MAD, Koppe F, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Snyers A, Roeloffzen EMA, Schaake EE, Slot A, Stam TC, Beukema JC, van den Berg HA, Lutgens LCHW, Nijman HW, de Kroon CD, Kroep JR, Stiggelbout AM, and Creutzberg CL
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- Adjuvants, Immunologic therapeutic use, Aged, Chemoradiotherapy, Combined Modality Therapy, Endometrial Neoplasms mortality, Endometrial Neoplasms pathology, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Surveys and Questionnaires, Survival, Decision Making, Shared, Endometrial Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
Background: Decision making regarding adjuvant therapy for high-risk endometrial cancer is complex. The aim of this study was to determine patients' and clinicians' minimally desired survival benefit to choose chemoradiotherapy over radiotherapy alone. Moreover, influencing factors and importance of positive and negative treatment effects (i.e. attribute) were investigated., Methods: Patients with high-risk endometrial cancer treated with adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy and multidisciplinary gynaecologic oncology clinicians completed a trade-off questionnaire based on PORTEC-3 trial data., Results: In total, 171 patients and 63 clinicians completed the questionnaire. Median minimally desired benefit to make chemoradiotherapy worthwhile was significantly higher for patients versus clinicians (10% vs 5%, p = 0.02). Both patients and clinicians rated survival benefit most important during decision making, followed by long-term symptoms. Older patients (OR 0.92 [95%CI 0.87-0.97]; p = 0.003) with comorbidity (OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.12-0.89]; p = 0.035) had lower preference for chemoradiotherapy, while patients with better numeracy skills (OR 1.2 [95%CI 1.05-1.36], p = 0.011) and chemoradiotherapy history (OR 25.0 [95%CI 8.8-91.7]; p < 0.001) had higher preference for chemoradiotherapy., Conclusions: There is a considerable difference in minimally desired survival benefit of chemoradiotherapy in high-risk endometrial cancer among and between patients and clinicians. Overall, endometrial cancer patients needed higher benefits than clinicians before preferring chemoradiotherapy., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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23. Long-Term Toxicity and Health-Related Quality of Life After Adjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy or Radiation Therapy Alone for High-Risk Endometrial Cancer in the Randomized PORTEC-3 Trial.
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Post CCB, de Boer SM, Powell ME, Mileshkin L, Katsaros D, Bessette P, Haie-Meder C, Ottevanger NPB, Ledermann JA, Khaw P, D'Amico R, Fyles A, Baron MH, Kitchener HC, Nijman HW, Lutgens LCHW, Brooks S, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Feeney A, Goss G, Fossati R, Ghatage P, Leary A, Do V, Lissoni AA, McCormack M, Nout RA, Verhoeven-Adema KW, Smit VTHBM, Putter H, and Creutzberg CL
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- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant psychology, Endometrial Neoplasms psychology, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Physical Functional Performance, Sexual Behavior, Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant adverse effects, Endometrial Neoplasms radiotherapy, Quality of Life
- Abstract
Purpose: The survival results of the PORTEC-3 trial showed a significant improvement in both overall and failure-free survival with chemoradiation therapy versus pelvic radiation therapy alone. The present analysis was performed to compare long-term adverse events (AE) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL)., Methods and Materials: In the study, 660 women with high-risk endometrial cancer were randomly assigned to receive chemoradiation therapy (2 concurrent cycles of cisplatin followed by 4 cycles of carboplatin/paclitaxel) or radiation therapy alone. Toxicity was graded using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3.0. HRQOL was measured using EORTC QLQ-C30 and CX24/OV28 subscales and compared with normative data. An as-treated analysis was performed., Results: Median follow-up was 74.6 months; 574 (87%) patients were evaluable for HRQOL. At 5 years, grade ≥2 AE were scored for 78 (38%) patients who had received chemoradiation therapy versus 46 (24%) who had received radiation therapy alone (P = .008). Grade 3 AE did not differ significantly between the groups (8% vs 5%, P = .18) at 5 years, and only one new late grade 4 toxicity had been reported. At 3 and 5 years, sensory neuropathy toxicity grade ≥2 persisted after chemoradiation therapy in 6% (vs 0% after radiation therapy, P < .001) and more patients reported significant tingling or numbness at HRQOL (27% vs 8%, P < .001 at 3 years; 24% vs 9%, P = .002 at 5 years). Up to 3 years, more patients who had chemoradiation therapy reported limb weakness (21% vs 5%, P < .001) and lower physical (79 vs 87, P < .001) and role functioning (78 vs 88, P < .001) scores. Both treatment groups reported similar long-term global health/quality of life scores, which were better than those of the normative population., Conclusions: This study shows a long-lasting, clinically relevant, negative impact of chemoradiation therapy on toxicity and HRQOL, most importantly persistent peripheral sensory neuropathy. Physical and role functioning impairments were seen until 3 years. These long-term data are essential for patient information and shared decision-making regarding adjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk endometrial cancer., (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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24. Persistence of Late Substantial Patient-Reported Symptoms (LAPERS) After Radiochemotherapy Including Image Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer: A Report From the EMBRACE Study.
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Vittrup AS, Tanderup K, Bentzen SM, Jensen NBK, Spampinato S, Fokdal LU, Lindegaard JC, Sturdza A, Schmid M, Segedin B, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Bruheim K, Mahantshetty U, Haie-Meder C, Rai B, Cooper R, van der Steen-Banasik E, Sundset M, Huang F, Nout RA, Villafranca E, Van Limbergen E, Pieters BR, Tan LT, Lutgens LCHW, Hoskin P, Pötter R, and Kirchheiner K
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms radiotherapy, Young Adult, Brachytherapy, Chemoradiotherapy, Radiotherapy, Image-Guided, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms pathology, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
Purpose: This report describes the persistence of late substantial treatment-related patient-reported symptoms (LAPERS) in the multi-institutional EMBRACE study on magnetic resonance image guided adaptive brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC)., Methods and Materials: Patient-reported symptoms (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer [EORTC]-C30/CX24) and physician-assessed morbidity (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE], version 3.0) were assessed at baseline and regular timepoints during follow-up. Patients with sufficient EORTC follow-up (baseline and ≥3 late follow-up visits) were analyzed. LAPERS events were defined as the presence of substantial EORTC symptoms (quite a bit/very much) for at least half of the assessments (persistence) and progression beyond baseline condition (treatment-related). For each EORTC symptom, the ratio between LAPERS rates and crude incidence rates of substantial symptoms was calculated to represent the proportion of symptomatic patients with persisting symptoms. For 9 symptoms with a corresponding EORTC/CTCAE assessment, the overlap of LAPERS and severe morbidity events (grades 3-5) was evaluated., Results: Of 1047 patients with EORTC available, 741 had sufficient follow-up for the LAPERS analyses. The median follow-up was 59 months (interquartile range, 42-70 months). Across all symptoms, the proportion of patients with LAPERS events (LAPERS rates) was in median 4.6% (range, 0.0% vaginal bleeding to 20.4% tiredness). Urinary frequency, neuropathy, fatigue, insomnia, and menopausal symptoms revealed LAPERS rates of >10%. Vomiting, blood in stool, urinary pain/burning, and abnormal vaginal bleeding displayed LAPERS rates of <1%. A median of 19% of symptomatic patients (interquartile range, 8.0%-28.5%) showed persistent long-term symptoms (LAPERS events). In symptoms with a corresponding EORTC/CTCAE assessment, 12% of LAPERS events were accompanied by a severe CTCAE event., Conclusions: Within this large cohort of survivors of LACC, a subgroup of patients with persistent symptoms (LAPERS events) was identified. For symptoms with a corresponding EORTC/CTCAE assessment, the vast majority of LAPERS events occurred in patients without corresponding severe physician-assessed morbidity. These findings emphasize the importance of distinguishing between transient and persisting symptoms in the aftercare of LACC survivors., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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25. Prognostic Integrated Image-Based Immune and Molecular Profiling in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer.
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Horeweg N, de Bruyn M, Nout RA, Stelloo E, Kedziersza K, León-Castillo A, Plat A, Mertz KD, Osse M, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Lutgens LCHW, Jobsen JJ, van der Steen-Banasik EM, Smit VT, Creutzberg CL, Bosse T, Nijman HW, Koelzer VH, and Church DN
- Subjects
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, DNA Mismatch Repair, Female, Humans, Linear Models, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Mutation, Neoplasm Staging, Prognosis, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 genetics, Antigens, CD immunology, Biomarkers, Tumor, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Endometrial Neoplasms genetics, Endometrial Neoplasms immunology, Integrin alpha Chains immunology
- Abstract
Optimum risk stratification in early-stage endometrial cancer combines clinicopathologic factors and the molecular endometrial cancer classification defined by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). It is unclear whether analysis of intratumoral immune infiltrate improves this. We developed a machine-learning, image-based algorithm to quantify density of CD8
+ and CD103+ immune cells in tumor epithelium and stroma in 695 stage I endometrioid endometrial cancers from the PORTEC-1 and -2 trials. The relationship between immune cell density and clinicopathologic/molecular factors was analyzed by hierarchical clustering and multiple regression. The prognostic value of immune infiltrate by cell type and location was analyzed by univariable and multivariable Cox regression, incorporating the molecular endometrial cancer classification. Tumor-infiltrating immune cell density varied substantially between cases, and more modestly by immune cell type and location. Clustering revealed three groups with high, intermediate, and low densities, with highly significant variation in the proportion of molecular endometrial cancer subgroups between them. Univariable analysis revealed intraepithelial CD8+ cell density as the strongest predictor of endometrial cancer recurrence; multivariable analysis confirmed this was independent of pathologic factors and molecular subgroup. Exploratory analysis suggested this association was not uniform across molecular subgroups, but greatest in tumors with mutant p53 and absent in DNA mismatch repair-deficient cancers. Thus, this work identified that quantification of intraepithelial CD8+ cells improved upon the prognostic utility of the molecular endometrial cancer classification in early-stage endometrial cancer., (©2020 American Association for Cancer Research.)- Published
- 2020
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26. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for women with high-risk endometrial cancer (PORTEC-3): final results of an international, open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial.
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de Boer SM, Powell ME, Mileshkin L, Katsaros D, Bessette P, Haie-Meder C, Ottevanger PB, Ledermann JA, Khaw P, Colombo A, Fyles A, Baron MH, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Kitchener HC, Nijman HW, Wilson G, Brooks S, Carinelli S, Provencher D, Hanzen C, Lutgens LCHW, Smit VTHBM, Singh N, Do V, D'Amico R, Nout RA, Feeney A, Verhoeven-Adema KW, Putter H, and Creutzberg CL
- Subjects
- Aged, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols adverse effects, Australia, Canada, Carboplatin administration & dosage, Carcinoma, Endometrioid mortality, Carcinoma, Endometrioid pathology, Cisplatin administration & dosage, Endometrial Neoplasms mortality, Endometrial Neoplasms pathology, Europe, Female, Humans, Lymph Node Excision, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Staging, New Zealand, Paclitaxel administration & dosage, Radiotherapy, Adjuvant, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Carcinoma, Endometrioid radiotherapy, Carcinoma, Endometrioid therapy, Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant adverse effects, Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant mortality, Dose Fractionation, Radiation, Endometrial Neoplasms therapy, Gynecologic Surgical Procedures adverse effects, Gynecologic Surgical Procedures mortality
- Abstract
Background: Although women with endometrial cancer generally have a favourable prognosis, those with high-risk disease features are at increased risk of recurrence. The PORTEC-3 trial was initiated to investigate the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy during and after radiotherapy (chemoradiotherapy) versus pelvic radiotherapy alone for women with high-risk endometrial cancer., Methods: PORTEC-3 was an open-label, international, randomised, phase 3 trial involving 103 centres in six clinical trials collaborating in the Gynaecological Cancer Intergroup. Eligible women had high-risk endometrial cancer with FIGO 2009 stage I, endometrioid-type grade 3 with deep myometrial invasion or lymph-vascular space invasion (or both), endometrioid-type stage II or III, or stage I to III with serous or clear cell histology. Women were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive radiotherapy alone (48·6 Gy in 1·8 Gy fractions given on 5 days per week) or radiotherapy and chemotherapy (consisting of two cycles of cisplatin 50 mg/m
2 given during radiotherapy, followed by four cycles of carboplatin AUC5 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 ) using a biased-coin minimisation procedure with stratification for participating centre, lymphadenectomy, stage of cancer, and histological type. The co-primary endpoints were overall survival and failure-free survival. We used the Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and Cox regression analysis for final analysis by intention to treat and adjusted for stratification factors. The study was closed on Dec 20, 2013, after achieving complete accrual; follow-up is ongoing. PORTEC-3 is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN14387080, and ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00411138., Results: 686 women were enrolled between Nov 23, 2006, and Dec 20, 2013. 660 eligible patients were included in the final analysis, of whom 330 were assigned to chemoradiotherapy and 330 were assigned to radiotherapy. Median follow-up was 60·2 months (IQR 48·1-73·1). 5-year overall survival was 81·8% (95% CI 77·5-86·2) with chemoradiotherapy versus 76·7% (72·1-81·6) with radiotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·76, 95% CI 0·54-1·06; p=0·11); 5-year failure-free survival was 75·5% (95% CI 70·3-79·9) versus 68·6% (63·1-73·4; HR 0·71, 95% CI 0·53-0·95; p=0·022). Grade 3 or worse adverse events during treatment occurred in 198 (60%) of 330 who received chemoradiotherapy versus 41 (12%) of 330 patients who received radiotherapy (p<0·0001). Neuropathy (grade 2 or worse) persisted significantly more often after chemoradiotherapy than after radiotherapy (20 [8%] women vs one [1%] at 3 years; p<0·0001). Most deaths were due to endometrial cancer; in four patients (two in each group), the cause of death was uncertain. One death in the radiotherapy group was due to either disease progression or late treatment complications; three deaths (two in the chemoradiotherapy group and one in the radiotherapy group) were due to either intercurrent disease or late treatment-related toxicity., Interpretation: Adjuvant chemotherapy given during and after radiotherapy for high-risk endometrial cancer did not improve 5-year overall survival, although it did increase failure-free survival. Women with high-risk endometrial cancer should be individually counselled about this combined treatment. Continued follow-up is needed to evaluate long-term survival., Funding: Dutch Cancer Society, Cancer Research UK, National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant and Cancer Australia, L'Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco, and Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute., (Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC-BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2018
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27. Radiation therapy combined with hyperthermia versus cisplatin for locally advanced cervical cancer: Results of the randomized RADCHOC trial.
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Lutgens LC, Koper PC, Jobsen JJ, van der Steen-Banasik EM, Creutzberg CL, van den Berg HA, Ottevanger PB, van Rhoon GC, van Doorn HC, Houben R, and van der Zee J
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Brachytherapy, Combined Modality Therapy methods, Disease-Free Survival, Early Termination of Clinical Trials, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, Middle Aged, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Cisplatin therapeutic use, Hyperthermia, Induced methods, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms drug therapy, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms radiotherapy
- Abstract
Background: Chemoradiation (RT-CT) is standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). This study tried to establish if radiotherapy combined with hyperthermia (RT-HT) should be preferred in bulky and/or FIGO-stage ⩾III., Methods: In this open-label, multicenter randomized trial, patients with LACC were randomly assigned by a computer-generated, biased coin minimization technique to RT-CT or RT-HT. Central randomization was done with stratification by FIGO-stage, tumour diameter and nodal status. Primary endpoint was event free survival (EFS). Secondary endpoints were pelvic recurrence free survival (PRFS), overall survival (OS) and treatment related toxicity. Analysis was done by intention to treat., Results: The trial was closed prematurely (87 of 376 planned patients enrolled: 43 RT-CT; 44 RT-HT). Median follow-up time was 7.1 years. The cumulative incidence of an event was 33% in the RT-CT group and 35% in the RT-HT group. The corresponding hazard rate (HR) for EFS was 1.15 (CI: 0.56-2.36, p=0.7). Also the hazards for PRFS (0.94; CI 0.36-2.44) and OS (1.04; CI 0.48-2.23) at 5 years were comparable between both treatment arms as was grade ⩾3 radiation related late toxicity (6 RT-CT and 5 RT-HT patients)., Conclusion: After 25% of intended accrual, data suggest comparable outcome for RT-CT and RT-HT., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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28. Long-Term Impact of Endometrial Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment on Health-Related Quality of Life and Cancer Survivorship: Results From the Randomized PORTEC-2 Trial.
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de Boer SM, Nout RA, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Jobsen JJ, Lutgens LC, van der Steen-Banasik EM, Mens JW, Slot A, Stenfert Kroese MC, Oerlemans S, Putter H, Verhoeven-Adema KW, Nijman HW, and Creutzberg CL
- Subjects
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brachytherapy adverse effects, Brachytherapy methods, Diarrhea epidemiology, Endometrial Neoplasms mortality, Endometrial Neoplasms pathology, Endometrial Neoplasms psychology, Fecal Incontinence epidemiology, Female, Humans, Incontinence Pads, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Radiotherapy adverse effects, Radiotherapy methods, Regression Analysis, Sexual Behavior, Surveys and Questionnaires, Time Factors, Urinary Incontinence, Urge epidemiology, Endometrial Neoplasms diagnosis, Endometrial Neoplasms radiotherapy, Health Status, Quality of Life, Survivors
- Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the long-term health-related quality of life (HRQL) after external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) among PORTEC-2 trial patients, evaluate long-term bowel and bladder symptoms, and assess the impact of cancer on these endometrial cancer (EC) survivors., Patients and Methods: In the PORTEC-2 trial, 427 patients with stage I high-intermediate-risk EC were randomly allocated to EBRT or VBT. The 7- and 10-year HRQL questionnaires consisted of EORTC QLQ-C30; subscales for bowel and bladder symptoms; the Impact of Cancer Questionnaire; and 14 questions on comorbidities, walking aids, and incontinence pads. Analysis was done using linear mixed models for subscales and (ordinal) logistic regression with random effects for single items. A two-sided P value <.01 was considered statistically significant., Results: Longitudinal HRQL analysis showed persisting higher rates of bowel symptoms with EBRT, without significant differences in global health or any of the functioning scales. At 7 years, clinically relevant fecal leakage was reported by 10.6% in the EBRT group, versus 1.8% for VBT (P=.03), diarrhea by 8.4% versus 0.9% (P=.04), limitations due to bowel symptoms by 10.5% versus 1.8% (P=.001), and bowel urgency by 23.3% versus 6.6% (P<.001). Urinary urgency was reported by 39.3% of EBRT patients, 25.5% for VBT, P=.05. No difference in sexual activity was seen between treatment arms. Long-term impact of cancer scores was higher among the patients who had an EC recurrence or second cancer., Conclusions: More than 7 years after treatment, EBRT patients reported more bowel symptoms with impact on daily activities, and a trend for more urinary symptoms, without impact on overall quality of life or difference in cancer survivorship issues., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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29. Substantial lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) is a significant risk factor for recurrence in endometrial cancer--A pooled analysis of PORTEC 1 and 2 trials.
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Bosse T, Peters EE, Creutzberg CL, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Jobsen JJ, Mens JW, Lutgens LC, van der Steen-Banasik EM, Smit VT, and Nout RA
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brachytherapy, Carcinoma, Endometrioid metabolism, Chi-Square Distribution, Endometrial Neoplasms metabolism, Female, Humans, Hysterectomy, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Lymph Node Excision, Lymphatic Metastasis, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Ovariectomy, Proportional Hazards Models, Radiotherapy, Adjuvant, Risk Factors, Salpingectomy, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Blood Vessels pathology, Carcinoma, Endometrioid secondary, Carcinoma, Endometrioid therapy, Endometrial Neoplasms pathology, Endometrial Neoplasms therapy, Lymphatic Vessels pathology, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Abstract
Background: Lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) is an important adverse prognostic factor in endometrial cancer (EC). However, its role in relation to type of recurrence and adjuvant treatment is not well defined, and there is significant interobserver variation. This study aimed to quantify LVSI and correlate this to risk and type of recurrence., Methods: In the post operative radiation therapy in endometrial carcinoma (PORTEC)-trials stage I EC patients were randomised to receive external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) versus no additional treatment after surgery (PORTEC-1, n=714), or to EBRT versus vaginal brachytherapy (PORTEC-2, n=427). In tumour samples of 926 (81.2%) patients with endometrioid tumours LVSI was quantified using 2-, 3- and 4-tiered scoring systems. Cox proportional hazard models were used for time-to-event analysis., Results: Any degree of LVSI was identified in 129 cases (13.9%). Substantial LVSI (n=44, 4.8%) using the 3-tiered approach had the strongest impact on the risk of distant metastasis (hazard ratio (HR) 4.5 confidence interval (CI) 2.4-8.5). In multivariate analysis (including: age, depth of myometrial invasion, grade, treatment) substantial LVSI remained the strongest independent prognostic factor for pelvic regional recurrence (HR 6.2 CI 2.4-16), distant metastasis (HR 3.6 CI 1.9-6.8) and overall survival (HR 2.0 CI 1.3-3.1). Only EBRT (HR 0.3 CI 0.1-0.8) reduced the risk of pelvic regional recurrence., Conclusions: Substantial LVSI, in contrast to focal or no LVSI, was the strongest independent prognostic factor for pelvic regional recurrence, distant metastasis and overall survival. Therapeutic decisions should be based on the presence of substantial, not 'any' LVSI. Adjuvant EBRT and/or chemotherapy should be considered for stage I EC with substantial LVSI., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2015
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30. Nomograms for prediction of outcome with or without adjuvant radiation therapy for patients with endometrial cancer: a pooled analysis of PORTEC-1 and PORTEC-2 trials.
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Creutzberg CL, van Stiphout RG, Nout RA, Lutgens LC, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Jobsen JJ, Smit VT, and Lambin P
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- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Brachytherapy, Disease-Free Survival, Endometrial Neoplasms pathology, Female, Humans, Hysterectomy, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Neoplasm Staging, Proportional Hazards Models, Radiotherapy, Adjuvant methods, Endometrial Neoplasms radiotherapy, Nomograms
- Abstract
Background: Postoperative radiation therapy for stage I endometrial cancer improves locoregional control but is without survival benefit. To facilitate treatment decision support for individual patients, accurate statistical models to predict locoregional relapse (LRR), distant relapse (DR), overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) are required., Methods and Materials: Clinical trial data from the randomized Post Operative Radiation Therapy for Endometrial Cancer (PORTEC-1; N=714 patients) and PORTEC-2 (N=427 patients) trials and registered group (grade 3 and deep invasion, n=99) were pooled for analysis (N=1240). For most patients (86%) pathology review data were available; otherwise original pathology data were used. Trial variables which were clinically relevant and eligible according to data constraints were age, stage, given treatment (pelvic external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), vaginal brachytherapy (VBT), or no adjuvant treatment, FIGO histological grade, depth of invasion, and lymph-vascular invasion (LVSI). Multivariate analyses were based on Cox proportional hazards regression model. Predictors were selected based on a backward elimination scheme. Model results were expressed by the c-index (0.5-1.0; random to perfect prediction). Two validation sets (n=244 and 291 patients) were used., Results: Accuracy of the developed models was good, with training accuracies between 0.71 and 0.78. The nomograms validated well for DR (0.73), DFS (0.69), and OS (0.70), but validation was only fair for LRR (0.59). Ranking of variables as to their predictive power showed that age, tumor grade, and LVSI were highly predictive for all outcomes, and given treatment for LRR and DFS. The nomograms were able to significantly distinguish low- from high-probability patients for these outcomes., Conclusions: The nomograms are internally validated and able to accurately predict long-term outcome for endometrial cancer patients with observation, pelvic EBRT, or VBT after surgery. These models facilitate decision support in daily clinical practice and can be used for patient counseling and shared decision making, selecting patients who benefit most from adjuvant treatment, and generating new hypotheses., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2015
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31. Improved risk assessment of endometrial cancer by combined analysis of MSI, PI3K-AKT, Wnt/β-catenin and P53 pathway activation.
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Nout RA, Bosse T, Creutzberg CL, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Jobsen JJ, Lutgens LC, van der Steen-Banasik EM, van Eijk R, Ter Haar NT, and Smit VT
- Subjects
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing genetics, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing metabolism, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Disease-Free Survival, Exons, Female, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Methylation, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, MutL Protein Homolog 1, Mutation, Nuclear Proteins genetics, Nuclear Proteins metabolism, PTEN Phosphohydrolase metabolism, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Proportional Hazards Models, Proto-Oncogene Proteins genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt metabolism, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), Risk Assessment, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription Factors metabolism, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 metabolism, beta Catenin metabolism, ras Proteins genetics, Endometrial Neoplasms genetics, Endometrial Neoplasms metabolism, Microsatellite Instability, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local metabolism, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 genetics, Wnt Signaling Pathway genetics
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate if analysis of genetic alterations in the main pathways involved in endometrioid type carcinogenesis (PI3K-AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, P53-activation and MSI) improves the current risk assessment based on clinicopathological factors., Methods: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) primary tumor samples of 65 patients with FIGO-stage I endometrioid type endometrial cancer (EEC) were selected from the randomized PORTEC-2 trial. Tumors were stained by immunohistochemistry for P53, PTEN and β-catenin. Tumor DNA was isolated for sequence analysis of TP53 (exons 4 to 8), hotspot mutation analysis of KRAS (exon 1) and PI3K (exon 9 and 20) and microsatellite-instability (MSI) analysis including MLH1 promotor-methylation status. Univariate and multivariate analyses for disease-free survival (DFS) using Cox regression models were performed., Results: P53 status (HR 6.7, 95%CI 1.75-26.0, p=0.006) and MSI were the strongest single genetic prognostic factors for decreased DFS, while high PI3K-AKT pathway activation showed a trend and β-catenin was not prognostic. The combination of multiple activated pathways was the most powerful prognostic factor for decreased DFS (HR 5.0; 95%CI 1.59-15.6 p=0.006). Multiple pathway activation, found in 8% of patients, was strongly associated with aggressive clinical course. In contrast, 40% of patients had no alterations in the investigated pathways and had a very low risk of disease progression., Conclusions: Activation of multiple oncogenic pathways in EEC was the most powerful prognostic factor for decreased DFS, resulting in an individual risk assessment superior to the current approach based on clinicopathological factors., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2012
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32. Five-year quality of life of endometrial cancer patients treated in the randomised Post Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Cancer (PORTEC-2) trial and comparison with norm data.
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Nout RA, Putter H, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Jobsen JJ, Lutgens LC, van der Steen-Banasik EM, Mens JW, Slot A, Stenfert Kroese MC, Nijman HW, van de Poll-Franse LV, and Creutzberg CL
- Subjects
- Aged, Brachytherapy adverse effects, Diarrhea epidemiology, Endometrial Neoplasms surgery, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Postoperative Period, Radiotherapy adverse effects, Sexual Behavior, Endometrial Neoplasms psychology, Endometrial Neoplasms radiotherapy, Quality of Life
- Abstract
Background: The PORTEC-2 trial showed efficacy and reduced side-effects of vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) compared with external beam pelvic radiotherapy (EBRT) for patients with high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer. The current analysis was done to evaluate long-term health related quality of life (HRQL), and compare HRQL of patients to an age-matched norm population., Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to EBRT (n=214) or VBT (n=213). HRQL was assessed using EORTC QLQ-C30 and subscales from PR25 and OV28 (bladder, bowel, sexual symptoms); and compared to norm data., Findings: Median follow-up was 65 months; 348 (81%) patients were evaluable for HRQL (EBRT n=166, VBT n=182). At baseline, patient functioning was at lowest level, increasing during and after radiotherapy to reach a plateau after 12 months, within range of scores of the norm population. VBT patients reported better social functioning (p=0.005) and lower symptom scores for diarrhoea, faecal leakage, need to stay close to a toilet and limitation in daily activities due to bowel symptoms (p⩽0.001), compared to EBRT. There were no differences in sexual functioning or symptoms between the treatment groups; however, sexual functioning was lower and sexual symptoms more frequent in both treatment groups compared to the norm population., Interpretation: Patients who received EBRT reported clinically relevant higher levels of bowel symptoms and related limitations in daily activities with lower social functioning, 5 years after treatment. VBT provides a better HRQL, which remained similar to that of an age-matched norm population, except for sexual symptoms which were more frequent in both treatment groups., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2012
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33. Fifteen-year radiotherapy outcomes of the randomized PORTEC-1 trial for endometrial carcinoma.
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Creutzberg CL, Nout RA, Lybeert ML, Wárlám-Rodenhuis CC, Jobsen JJ, Mens JW, Lutgens LC, Pras E, van de Poll-Franse LV, and van Putten WL
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Breast Neoplasms epidemiology, Disease-Free Survival, Endometrial Neoplasms pathology, Endometrial Neoplasms surgery, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Grading, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local mortality, Neoplasms, Second Primary epidemiology, Prognosis, Risk, Treatment Outcome, Vaginal Neoplasms secondary, Endometrial Neoplasms mortality, Endometrial Neoplasms radiotherapy
- Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the very long-term results of the randomized Post Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma (PORTEC)-1 trial for patients with Stage I endometrial carcinoma (EC), focusing on the role of prognostic factors for treatment selection and the long-term risk of second cancers., Patients and Methods: The PORTEC trial (1990-1997) included 714 patients with Stage IC Grade 1-2 or Stage IB Grade 2-3 EC. After surgery, patients were randomly allocated to external-beam pelvic radiotherapy (EBRT) or no additional treatment (NAT). Analysis was by intention to treat., Results: 426 patients were alive at the date of analysis. The median follow-up time was 13.3 years. The 15-year actuarial locoregional recurrence (LRR) rates were 6% for EBRT vs. 15.5% for NAT (p < 0.0001). The 15-year overall survival was 52% vs. 60% (p = 0.14), and the failure-free survival was 50% vs. 54% (p = 0.94). For patients with high-intermediate risk criteria, the 15-year overall survival was 41% vs. 48% (p = 0.51), and the 15-year EC-related death was 14% vs. 13%. Most LRR in the NAT group were vaginal recurrences (11.0% of 15.5%). The 15-year rates of distant metastases were 9% vs. 7% (p = 0.25). Second primary cancers had been diagnosed over 15 years in 19% of all patients, 22% vs. 16% for EBRT vs. NAT (p = 0.10), with observed vs. expected ratios of 1.6 (EBRT) and 1.2 (NAT) compared with a matched population (p = NS). Multivariate analysis confirmed the prognostic significance of Grade 3 for LRR (hazard ratio [HR] 3.4, p = 0.0003) and for EC death (HR 7.3, p < 0.0001), of age >60 (HR 3.9, p = 0.002 for LRR and 2.7, p = 0.01 for EC death) and myometrial invasion >50% (HR 1.9, p = 0.03 and HR 1.9, p = 0.02)., Conclusions: The 15-year outcomes of PORTEC-1 confirm the relevance of HIR criteria for treatment selection, and a trend for long-term risk of second cancers. EBRT should be avoided in patients with low- and intermediate-risk EC., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
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34. Long-term outcome and quality of life of patients with endometrial carcinoma treated with or without pelvic radiotherapy in the post operative radiation therapy in endometrial carcinoma 1 (PORTEC-1) trial.
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Nout RA, van de Poll-Franse LV, Lybeert ML, Wárlám-Rodenhuis CC, Jobsen JJ, Mens JW, Lutgens LC, Pras B, van Putten WL, and Creutzberg CL
- Subjects
- Endometrial Neoplasms psychology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Pelvis, Postoperative Period, Quality of Life, Radiotherapy, Adjuvant adverse effects, Recurrence, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome, Endometrial Neoplasms radiotherapy, Endometrial Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Purpose: To determine the long-term outcome and health-related quality of life (HRQL) of patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC) treated with or without pelvic radiotherapy in the Post Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma 1 (PORTEC-1) trial., Patients and Methods: Between 1990 and 1997, 714 patients with stage IC grade 1 to 2 or IB grade 2 to 3 EC were randomly allocated to pelvic external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or no additional treatment (NAT). HRQL was evaluated with the Short Form 36-Item (SF-36) questionnaire; subscales from the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) PR25 module for bowel and bladder symptoms and the OV28 and CX24 modules for sexual symptoms; and demographic questions. Analysis was by intention-to-treat., Results: Median follow-up was 13.3 years. The 15-year actuarial locoregional recurrence rates were 5.8% for EBRT versus 15.5% for NAT (P < .001), and 15-year overall survival was 52% versus 60% (P = .14). Of the 351 patients confirmed to be alive with correct address, 246 (70%) returned the questionnaire. Patients treated with EBRT reported significant (P < .01) and clinically relevant higher rates of urinary incontinence, diarrhea, and fecal leakage leading to more limitations in daily activities. Increased symptoms were reflected by the frequent use of incontinence materials after EBRT (day and night use, 42.9% v 15.2% for NAT; P < .001). Patients treated with EBRT reported lower scores on the SF-36 scales "physical functioning" (P = .004) and "role-physical" (P = .003)., Conclusion: EBRT for endometrial cancer is associated with long-term urinary and bowel symptoms and lower physical and role-physical functioning, even 15 years after treatment. Despite its efficacy in reducing locoregional recurrence, EBRT should be avoided in patients with low- and intermediate-risk EC.
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- 2011
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35. Quality of life after pelvic radiotherapy or vaginal brachytherapy for endometrial cancer: first results of the randomized PORTEC-2 trial.
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Nout RA, Putter H, Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM, Jobsen JJ, Lutgens LC, van der Steen-Banasik EM, Mens JW, Slot A, Stenfert Kroese MC, van Bunningen BN, Smit VT, Nijman HW, van den Tol PP, and Creutzberg CL
- Subjects
- Activities of Daily Living psychology, Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Endometrial Neoplasms complications, Endometrial Neoplasms radiotherapy, Female, Humans, Male, Neoplasm Staging, Postoperative Period, Prostatic Neoplasms complications, Prostatic Neoplasms radiotherapy, Radiation Oncology, Socioeconomic Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Treatment Outcome, Endometrial Neoplasms psychology, Pelvis radiation effects, Prostatic Neoplasms psychology, Quality of Life psychology, Radiation Injuries complications
- Abstract
PURPOSE Studies on quality of life (QOL) among women with endometrial cancer have shown that patients who undergo pelvic radiotherapy report lower role functioning and more diarrhea and fatigue. In the Post Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Cancer (PORTEC) trial, patients with endometrial carcinoma were randomly assigned to receive external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or vaginal brachytherapy (VBT). QOL was evaluated by using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 and subscales from the prostate cancer module, PR-25, and the ovarian cancer module, OV-28. PATIENTS AND METHODS PORTEC-2 accrued 427 patients between 2002 and 2006, of whom 214 were randomly assigned to EBRT, and 213 were randomly assigned to VBT. Three-hundred forty-eight patients (81%) were evaluable for QOL. QOL outcomes were analyzed at a median follow-up of 2 years. Results At baseline after surgery, patient functioning was at the lowest level, and it increased during and after radiotherapy to reach a plateau after 12 months. Patients in the VBT group reported better social functioning (P < .002) and lower symptom scores for diarrhea, fecal leakage, the need to stay close to the toilet, and limitation in daily activities because of bowel symptoms (P < .001). At baseline, 15% of patients were sexually active; this increased significantly to 39% during the first year (P < .001). Sexual functioning and symptoms did not differ between the treatment groups. CONCLUSION Patients who received EBRT reported significantly higher levels of diarrhea and bowel symptoms. This resulted in a higher need to remain close to a toilet and, as a consequence, more limitation of daily activities because of bowel symptoms and decreased social functioning. Vaginal brachytherapy provides a better QOL, and should be the preferred treatment from a QOL perspective.
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- 2009
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36. Is the treatment of keloid scars still a challenge in 2006?
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De Lorenzi F, Tielemans HJ, van der Hulst RR, Rhemrev R, Nieman FH, Lutgens LC, and Boeckx WD
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Iridium Radioisotopes therapeutic use, Keloid etiology, Male, Middle Aged, Radiotherapy Dosage, Brachytherapy, Keloid radiotherapy, Keloid surgery
- Abstract
Background: Several options are described to treat keloid scars, none of them being 100% successful. Radiotherapy is suggested to have the most significant effect on recurrence rate., Objectives: The aim of the study is to confirm the effectiveness of iridium brachytherapy combined with surgery and to evaluate patient satisfaction., Patients and Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 24 patients with 30 keloids, treated by surgical excision and iridium 192 high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy., Results: We observed a significant difference in scar thickness before and after the treatment (P < 0.001). With regard to patient satisfaction and complaints, 79.1% of them had no pain and irritation after treatment, 79.2% of patients would recommend this treatment to other patients, and 87.5% would undergo this treatment again if necessary., Conclusions: Our results confirm the effectiveness of surgical keloid excision followed by HDR brachytherapy in primary treatment or if other alternative methods have failed.
- Published
- 2007
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37. Postoperative radiotherapy for Stage 1 endometrial carcinoma: long-term outcome of the randomized PORTEC trial with central pathology review.
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Scholten AN, van Putten WL, Beerman H, Smit VT, Koper PC, Lybeert ML, Jobsen JJ, Wárlám-Rodenhuis CC, De Winter KA, Lutgens LC, van Lent M, and Creutzberg CL
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Combined Modality Therapy, Endometrial Neoplasms pathology, Endometrial Neoplasms prevention & control, Endometrial Neoplasms surgery, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local prevention & control, Survival Analysis, Endometrial Neoplasms radiotherapy
- Abstract
Purpose: In 2000, the results of the multicenter Post Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma (PORTEC) trial were published. This trial included 714 Stage I endometrial carcinoma patients randomly assigned to postoperative pelvic radiotherapy (RT) or no further treatment, excluding those with Stage IC, Grade 3, or Stage IB, Grade 1 lesions. Radiotherapy significantly decreased the risk of locoregional recurrence (4% vs. 14%), without affecting overall survival. In this report the long-term outcome and results with central pathology review are presented., Methods and Materials: The slides of 569 patients (80%) could be obtained for pathology review. Median follow-up for patients alive was 97 months. Analysis was done according to the intention-to-treat principle. The primary study endpoints were locoregional recurrence and death., Results: Ten-year locoregional relapse rates were 5% (RT) and 14% (controls; p < 0.0001), and 10-year overall survival was 66% and 73%, respectively (p = 0.09). Endometrial cancer related death rates were 11% (RT) and 9% (controls; p = 0.47). Pathology review showed a substantial shift from Grade 2 to Grade 1, but no significant difference for Grade 3. When cases diagnosed at review as Grade 1 with superficial myometrial invasion were excluded from the analysis, the results remained essentially the same, with 10-year locoregional recurrence rates of 5% (RT) and 17% (controls; p < 0.0001)., Conclusions: In view of the significant locoregional control benefit, radiotherapy remains indicated in Stage I endometrial carcinoma patients with high-risk features for locoregional relapse.
- Published
- 2005
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38. Outcome of high-risk stage IC, grade 3, compared with stage I endometrial carcinoma patients: the Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma Trial.
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Creutzberg CL, van Putten WL, Wárlám-Rodenhuis CC, van den Bergh AC, de Winter KA, Koper PC, Lybeert ML, Slot A, Lutgens LC, Stenfert Kroese MC, Beerman H, and van Lent M
- Subjects
- Aged, Endometrial Neoplasms mortality, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Neoplasm Staging, Postoperative Care, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Endometrial Neoplasms pathology, Endometrial Neoplasms radiotherapy
- Abstract
Purpose: Stage IC, grade 3 endometrial cancer is regarded as a high-risk category. Stage IC, grade 3 patients were not eligible for the randomized Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Carcinoma (PORTEC) trial, but were registered and received postoperative radiotherapy., Patients and Methods: The PORTEC trial included 715 patients with stage IC, grade 1 or 2, and stage IB, grade 2 or 3 endometrial cancer. Patients were randomly assigned after surgery to receive pelvic radiotherapy (RT) or no further treatment. A total of 104 patients with stage IC, grade 3 endometrial cancer were registered, of whom 99 could be evaluated. Patterns of relapse and survival were compared with PORTEC patients receiving RT. Median follow-up was 83 months., Results: The actuarial 5-year rates of locoregional relapse were 1% to 3% for PORTEC patients who received RT, compared with 14% for stage IC, grade 3 patients. Five-year distant metastases rates were 3% to 8% for grade 1 and 2 tumors; 20% for stage IB, grade 3 tumors; and 31% for stage IC, grade 3 tumors. Overall survival rates were 83% to 85% for grades 1 and 2; 74% for stage IB, grade 3; and 58% for stage IC, grade 3 patients (P <.001). In multivariate analysis grade 3 was the most important adverse prognostic factor for relapse and death as a result of endometrial cancer (hazard ratios, 5.4 and 5.5; P <.0001)., Conclusion: Patients with stage IC, grade 3 endometrial carcinoma are at high risk of early distant spread and endometrial carcinoma-related death. Novel strategies for adjuvant therapy should be explored to improve survival for this patient group.
- Published
- 2004
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39. Citrulline: a physiologic marker enabling quantitation and monitoring of epithelial radiation-induced small bowel damage.
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Lutgens LC, Deutz NE, Gueulette J, Cleutjens JP, Berger MP, Wouters BG, von Meyenfeldt MF, and Lambin P
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- Animals, Biomarkers blood, Female, Intestinal Mucosa pathology, Intestinal Mucosa radiation effects, Intestine, Small pathology, Jejunum physiology, Jejunum radiation effects, Mice, Radiation Injuries, Experimental pathology, Regeneration, Whole-Body Irradiation, Citrulline blood, Intestine, Small radiation effects, Radiation Injuries, Experimental blood
- Abstract
Purpose: Small bowel irradiation results in epithelial cell loss and consequently impairs function and metabolism. We investigated whether citrulline, a metabolic end product of small bowel enterocytes, can be used for quantifying radiation-induced epithelial cell loss., Methods and Materials: NMRI mice were subjected to single-dose whole body irradiation (WBI). The time course of citrullinemia was assessed up to 11 days after WBI. A dose-response relationship was determined at 84 h after WBI. In addition, citrullinemia was correlated with morphologic parameters at this time point and used to calculate the dose-modifying factor (DMF) of glutamine and amifostine on acute small bowel radiation damage., Results: After WBI, a time- and dose-dependent decrease in plasma citrulline level was observed with a significant dose-response relationship at 84 h. At this time point, citrullinemia significantly correlated with jejunal crypt regeneration (p < 0.001) and epithelial surface lining (p = 0.001). A DMF of 1.0 and 1.5 was computed at the effective dose 50 (ED50) level for glutamine and amifostine, respectively., Conclusions: Citrullinemia can be used to quantify acute small bowel epithelial radiation damage after single-dose WBI. Radiation-induced changes in citrullinemia are most pronounced at 3 1/2 to 4 days postirradiation. At this time point, citrullinemia correlates with morphologic endpoints for epithelial radiation damage.
- Published
- 2003
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40. Survival after relapse in patients with endometrial cancer: results from a randomized trial.
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Creutzberg CL, van Putten WL, Koper PC, Lybeert ML, Jobsen JJ, Wárlám-Rodenhuis CC, De Winter KA, Lutgens LC, van den Bergh AC, van der Steen-Banasik E, Beerman H, and van Lent M
- Subjects
- Aged, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hysterectomy, Lymph Node Excision, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local therapy, Neoplasm Staging, Radiotherapy, Adjuvant, Survival Rate, Endometrial Neoplasms radiotherapy, Endometrial Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the rates of local control and survival after relapse in patients with stage I endometrial cancer treated in the multicenter randomized PORTEC trial., Methods: The PORTEC trial included 715 patients with stage 1 endometrial cancer, either grade 1 or 2 with deep (>50%) myometrial invasion or grade 2 or 3 with <50% invasion. In all cases an abdominal hysterectomy was performed, without lymphadenectomy. After surgery, patients were randomized to receive pelvic RT (46 Gy) or no further treatment., Results: The analysis was done by intention-to-treat. A total of 714 patients were evaluated. At a median follow-up of 73 months, 8-year actuarial locoregional recurrence rates were 4% in the RT group and 15% in the control group (P < 0.0001). The 8-year actuarial overall survival rates were 71 (RT group) and 77% (control group, P = 0.18). Eight-year rates of distant metastases were 10 and 6% (P = 0.20). The majority of the locoregional relapses were located in the vagina, mainly in the vaginal vault. Of the 39 patients with isolated vaginal relapse, 35 (87%) were treated with curative intent, usually with external RT and brachytherapy, and surgery in some. A complete remission (CR) was obtained in 31 of the 35 patients (89%), and 24 patients (77%) were still in CR after further follow-up. Five patients subsequently developed distant metastases, and 2 had a second vaginal recurrence. The 3-year survival after first relapse was 51% for patients in the control group and 19% in the RT group (P = 0.004). The 3-year survival after vaginal relapse was 73%, in contrast to 8 and 14% after pelvic and distant relapse (P < 0.001). At 5 years, the survival after vaginal relapse was 65% in the control group compared to 43% in the RT group., Conclusion: Survival after relapse was significantly better in the patient group without previous RT. Treatment for vaginal relapse was effective, with 89% CR and 65% 5-year survival in the control group, while there was no difference in survival between patients with pelvic relapse and those with distant metastases. As pelvic RT was shown to improve locoregional control significantly, but without a survival benefit, its use should be limited to those patients at sufficiently high risk (15% or over) for recurrence in order to maximize local control and relapse-free survival.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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