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Background: The number of prehypertension patients will always be higher than hypertension patients; this is supported by the prevalence of prehypertension being 48.40% according to JNC 7, and hypertension being 34.10% according to Basic Health Research in 2018. Coffee consumption and sleep quality were risk factors that are closely related to the lifestyle of students, this is also reinforced by the number of 24-hour coffee outlets that are open around Universitas Airlangga. Purpose: This aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between coffee consumption and sleep quality on the incidence of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Methods: This type of research is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional study design and uses the Chi-square test. The samples consisted of 146 people, which were taken using a simple random sampling method. Data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire. This study involved coffee consumption and sleep quality as independent variables and the incidence of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students as the dependent variable. Results: There is a correlation between coffee consumption (p=0.00) and sleep quality (p=0.01) with prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Coffee consumption has a 2,47 times greater risk and sleep quality has a 2,09 times greater risk of prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students. Conclusion: Poor coffee consumption and sleep quality are related with prehypertension in final year Universitas Airlangga students.

The Indonesian online gaming industry is growing rapidly. The increasing number of online game players among teenagers can cause various health impacts, one of them being carpal tunnel syndrome. This research aims to determine the relationship between online gaming habits with carpal tunnel syndrome in high school students in Jakarta. This research is an observational study with a cross-sectional design and a total of 62 samples. Questionnaires used in data collection include playing habits, respondent knowledge, and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTSQ). The collected data was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed a relationship between playing duration (p=0.042), playing frequency (p=0.026), and repetitive movements (p=0.026) with complaints of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. On the other hand, there was no significant relationship between gender (p=0.523), game type (p=1.00), gaming device (p=0.287), and knowledge (p=0.744) with complaints of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. It would be better if the school provided further education to students and parents about the dangers of prolonged game duration and reminded them to regulate game-playing hours for students to avoid complaints of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Keywords: Carpal tunnel syndrome, online game, playing time, repetitive movements, students

Latar Belakang: Prevalensi kejadian stunting di Jawa Timur pada tahun 2022 sebesar 19,2%, mengalami penurunan dari tahun 2021 yang angka prevalensinya 23,5%. Meskipun kecenderungan prevalensi stunting di Jawa Timur menurun, Provinsi Jawa Timur masih belum memenuhi target Renstra dimana pada tahun 2022 angka prevalensi stunting seharusnya turun hingga 18,4%. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih lanjut mengenai penyebab kejadian stunting di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literatur review dimana sumber data diperoleh menggunakan database elektronik Google Scholar. Proses pencarian penelitian mengikuti protokol PICOS dengan penyusunan kata kunci menggunakan teknik Boolean Operator, sehingga kata kunci yang digunakan adalah “faktor” AND “penyebab” OR “hubungan” OR “risiko” AND “stunting” AND “bayi” OR “balita” OR “anak”. Penentuan penelitian yang akan dimasukkan dalam kajian disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Ulasan: Sebanyak 30 penelitian yang digunakan dalam menyusun kajian ini. Karakteristik lokasi penelitian terdapat di 14 Kab/Kota wilayah Provinsi Jawa Timur. Berdasarkan publikasi penelitian yang didapatkan selama 10 tahun terakhir ditemukan berbagai faktor yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya stunting. Adapun faktor penyebab kejadian stunting yang teridentifikasi adalah pola asuh, PHBS, demografi, riwayat kelahiran, riwayat penyakit infeksi dan riwayat kehamilan ibu. Kesimpulan: Pola asuh ibu merupakan faktor yang paling banyak diteliti dan berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Pengetahuan ibu mengenai praktik ASI Eksklusif, pemberian MPASI, dan pemberian asupan makanan yang di konsumsi oleh balita berkaitan erat dengan kejadian stunting dan tumbuh kembang anak.

Background: The spread of the COVID-19 virus is a fairly big challenge and causes a lot of high anxiety in the community. Conditions from the pandemic also have an impact on various sectors, for example Integrated Services Post. Purpose: To analyze relationship between anxiety mothers and participation Integrated Services Post during pandemic COVID-19. Methods: This study was a literature review approach (literature review) by a narrative literature review which discusses the relationship between maternal anxiety and participation in the Integrated Services Post under five during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data source used secondary data in the form of journal-based articles obtained through the Google Scholar database. The inclusion criteria of this research were the year of publication in the range of 2020 to 2022, publication in Indonesian and English, and original research and full text. Results: All of the entire literature can prove that there was an association between maternal anxiety and participation in the Integrated Services Post under five during the COVID-19 pandemic. Maternal anxiety was caused by factors of community attitudes and the surrounding environment. Conclusion: The concern that occurs in mothers is caused by fear if the child or himself is exposed to Covid-19 during a visit to the Integrated Services Post, because even though they have implemented health protocols, the attitude of other visitors who do not comply with health protocols makes them feel unsafe.

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the endemic diseases throughout the tropics and parts of the subtropics. One of the provinces that felt the impact of the dengue outbreak was East Java. Overall, villages implementing STBM coverage in East Java Province is good but incidence of DHF is still found in all districts or cities in the last 3-year period. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the relationship and the inclination tendency of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in East Java). Methods: This type of research is an observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The sample population used 38 regencies/cities in East Java Province. The data used are the health profile data of East Java Province in 2018, 2019, and 2020. The data analysis technique used descriptive by utilizing the Health Mapper application version 4.3.0.0 with product version 4.03. Results: The distribution of DHF incidence with the coverage of villages implementing STBM East Java in 2018, 2019, 2020 showed decrease the coverage of villages implementing STBM is also followed by an increase DHF cases every year. The coverage of villages that implement Community Based Total Sanitation (STBM) fluctuates every year. Conclusion: Areas with STBM villages cannot guarantee DHF-free zones but can prevent the transmission of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) by changing hygiene and sanitation behavior through community empowerment to create a good sanitation.

Background: In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated that as many as 10 million people suffered from tuberculosis and 1.5 million died, making it the 13th cause of death in the world's top infectious killer number two after COVID-19. The incidence of Acid-fast bacillus (AFB)+ Tuberculosis TB in Surabaya increased from 2018 to 2020. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the distribution of TB AFB+ incidence in Surabaya by mapping and to analyze the relationship between population density, TB AFB+ cure rates, and death rates during TB AFB+ treatment with AFB + TB incidence in 31 sub-districts of Surabaya City from 2018 to 2020. Methods: This was a descriptive study with secondary data processing obtained from the Surabaya Health Profile Book 2018-2020 using the Pearson Correlation Product Moment statistical test. Results: There was a correlation between population density and the incidence of TB AFB+ in 2018 (0.61), 2019 (0.65), and 2020 (0.62). Then there was a correlation between TB AFB+ cure rate and TB AFB+ incidence in 2018 (0.98), 2019 (0.96), and 2020 (0.91). There was a correlation between the mortality rate during TB AFB+ treatment and the incidence of TB AFB+ in 2018 (0.31), 2019 (0.71), and 2020 (0.88). Conclusion: There is a relationship between population density, TB AFB + cure rate, the mortality rate during AFB + TB treatment, and the incidence of AFB + TB in Surabaya.

Latar Belakang: Komplikasi kehamilan dapat terjadi pada ibu dan janin semasa kehamilan yang dapat menyebabkan kesakitan bahkan kematian. Salah satu faktor risikonya ialah tidak patuh mengkonsumsi tablet besi (Fe) dan pelayanan Antenatal Care (ANC) yang tidak teratur. Upaya untuk mengurangi komplikasi yaitu dengan memberikan informasi tentang faktor risiko kehamilan dan lokasi penderita untuk memudahkan pelaksanaan intervensi kepada kelompok sasaran. Tujuan: Penelitiaan ini bertujuan untuk memetakan dan menganalisis komplikasi kehamilan berdasarkan cakupan pemberian tablet besi (Fe-3) dan ANC K4 pada tahun 2019 di Surabaya. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif observasional dengan desain studi populasi dari 31 Kecamatan di Kota Surabaya. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder Profil Kesehatan Kota Surabaya tahun 2019. Metode analisis yang digunakan ialah uji korelasi spearman. Pembuatan peta persebaran menggunakan Health Mapper 4.3. Hasil: Peta persebaran dari cakupan pemberian tablet Fe-3 dan kegiatan ANC K4 di Surabaya sama-sama menunjukkan 6 kecamatan yang memiliki cakupan rendah dan 7 kecamatan memiliki cakupan tinggi. Hasil analisis menyebutkan hubungan antara cakupan pemberian tablet Fe-3 dengan komplikasi kehamilan sangat kuat (p=0,001; r=0,985) dan arah yang positif. Selain itu, cakupan antara kegiatan ANC K4 dan komplikasi kehamilan berhubungan dengan korelasi sangat kuat (p=0,001; r=0,982) serta arah yang positif. Kasus komplikasi terjadi di seluruh wilayah Surabaya. Kesimpulan: Cakupan pemberian tablet Fe-3 dan kegiatan ANC K4 tahun 2019 memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian komplikasi kehamilan di Surabaya. Kasus komplikasi kehamilan terbanyak berada pada wilayah dengan cakupan pemberian tablet besi (Fe-3) dan kegiatan ANC K4 yang tinggi.

Background: Based on the Global Tuberculosis (TB) Report, Indonesia is one of the countries with a triple burden of TB, and TB disease can attack all age groups, including children. East Java Province in 2019 was ranked third in the highest number of pediatric TB cases in Indonesia. Purpose: This study aims to describe the distribution trend of tuberculosis cases in children in East Java Province in 2017-2018 based on BCG immunization coverage, cases of malnutrition, amount of healthy houses, and households with PHBS. Methods: The research design was a descriptive study with a correlation study design. The populations were all districts/cities in East Java Province, with as many as 38 districts. The data analysis technique to describe the trend distribution of tuberculosis in children was the health mapper software on a computer developed by World Health Organization (WHO). Results: The distribution of the incidence of tuberculosis in children in East Java from 2017 to 2018 tends to increase. The city of Surabaya became the area with the highest incidence of tuberculosis in children from 2017 to 2018. Based on a spatial map, most districts or cities with BCG immunization coverage, cases of malnutrition, several healthy homes, and high PHBS households experience tuberculosis incidence in children is high. Conclusion: Based on the map, spatially, districts or cities with high cases of tuberculosis in children mainly occur in areas with cases of malnutrition, the number of healthy home environments, and high coverage of BCG immunization as well.

Remaja overweight-obesitas rentan mengalami penyakit tidak menular, salah satunya adalah depresi. Peningkatan jumlah remaja overweight-obesitas menimbulkan peningkatan kejadian depresi. Hal ini dapat mempengaruhi penurunan kualitas hidup remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan depresi pada remaja overweight-obesitas. Penelitian ini merupakan observasional analitik dengan rancang bangun cross sectional. Responden berjumlah 43 remaja usia 15 – 19 tahun dengan overweight-obesitas di Kabupaten Jombang. Variabel bebas penelitian ini adalah jenis kelamin, binge eating, dan persepsi citra tubuh. Sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah depresi. Peneliti mengumpulkan data menggunakan angket online. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret – Mei 2021. Sampel dipilih dengan accidental sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar remaja overweight-obesitas tidak mengalami depresi sebesar 69,8%, sebagian besar tidak mengalami binge eating sebesar 62,8%, dan sebagian besar responden memiliki ketidakpuasan tubuh sedang sebesar 41,9%. tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin, binge eating dengan kejadian depresi pada remaja overweight-obesitas. Sedangkan variabel persepsi citra tubuh memiliki hubungan yang siginifikan dengan kejadian depresi pada remaja overweight-obesitas. Depresi pada remaja overweight-obesitas paling banyak berjenis kelamin perempuan, memiliki ketidakpuasan citra tubuh sedang, dan tidak mengalami binge eating. Remaja dengan overweight-obesitas disarankan untuk menerapkan pola hidup sehat, mengubah stigma penurunan berat badan menjadi peningkatan perilaku hidup sehat, meningkatkan kepercayaan dan kepuasan diri dan melakukan konsultasi gizi dan psikologis apabila diperlukan.

ABSTRACT Background: Anemia is a condition characterized by low levels of hemoglobin (Hb) from normal limits. Anemia is still a public health problem. Data states that the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia in 2013 was 21.7%, with the number of sufferers known to be higher in women than men. The prevalence of anemia in the age range 15 to 24 years was 18.4%. Nutritional status shows the balance of nutrients due to the consumption, absorption, and use of nutrients that come from food in the body. A person's nutritional status can be said to be deficient if the body lacks intake of one or more essential nutrients for the body. One of the indicators for assessing a person's nutritional status is the Body Mass Index (BMI). Inadequate nutritional status will affect the nutritional status of iron in a person' s body so that it can be interpreted that nutritional status is one of the factors of anemia. Consuming foods with good nutritional value, especially foods that contain high iron will also affect the nutritional status of these adolescents so that the risk of suffering from anemia will decrease. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between body mass index and anemia among young women in Indonesia. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. The data used are secondary data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5. The population of this study was all Indonesians who participated in IFLS 5. The sample used in this study amounted to 3,525 respondents. IInclusion criteria of this study included female, aged 10-18 years, unmarried, having complete data regarding body weight, height and hemoglobin measurement results. If data related to the measurement results of hemoglobin, body weight, height are incomplete, they will be excluded.The statistical test was used is a chi-square test. Results: There was a relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and anemia among young women in Indonesia (p = 0.034

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic started over 2 years ago and spread rapidly throughout the world. The total number of cases and deaths is still increasing and the situation remains active across the globe. In the Asian region, COVID-19 vaccination began in early 2021; however, the COVID-19 situation remains uncertain. This study aims to compare the factors that influenced the COVID-19 pandemic situation in three countries in Asia (namely, Indonesia, Malaysia and Taiwan) throughout 2021. Study design: This ecological study utilises the data from the ‘Our World in Data’ website. Methods: In this study, the COVID-19 pandemic situation in each country is described by looking at the average daily number of deaths and cases per million population throughout 2021. A paired t-test was conducted to compare the significance of differences in the pandemic situation between 2020 and 2021. In addition, the COVID-19 vaccination profiles throughout 2021 were investigated. A multiple linear regression analysis was then performed to develop models to explain the factors influencing the COVID-19 pandemic situation in these three countries. Results: The COVID-19 pandemic situation in Indonesia, Malaysia and Taiwan in 2021 is significantly different from 2020. Malaysia had the highest COVID-19 vaccination coverage (79.4%), followed by Taiwan (78.5%) and Indonesia (58.3%). This study found that the following three factors consistently influenced the number of deaths and cases in these three countries [1]: positivity rate [2]; number of tests per 1000 population; and [3] number of tests per case. Conclusions: Although the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic situations in Indonesia, Malaysia and Taiwan was different, it is significantly influenced by the quality and quantity of COVID-19 testing and screening, in addition to the vaccination programmes and restriction policies implemented in each country. As a result of the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to mutate, it is recommended that each country strengthen their comprehensive approach to have an effective and efficient coping strategy for the COVID-19 pandemic.

Tuberculosis (TB) can infect all age groups, even children. Three provinces in Indonesia namely West Java (14%), Papua (13%), and Bangka Belitung provinces (11%) have the highest proportion of children with TB disease. Some previous research reveals that there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and BCG immunization status of children with TB disease. This current study identified the increasing trend of children (aged 0-14 years) with TB disease in Bangka Belitung province based on the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding and BCG immunization. It was observational research with a cross-sectional design. Data were retrieved from seven districts/cities in Bangka Belitung province in 2015-2017. The unit of analysis was the number of overall TB cases, the percentage of BCG immunization coverage, and exclusive breastfeeding. The data were analyzed using the Health Mapper application version 4.3.0.0 with product version 4.03. The number of children (aged 0-14 years) with TB disease increased from 2015-2017, and BCG immunization coverage and exclusive breastfeeding decreased in 2015-2016 only, but swelled in 2016-2017. The number of TB cases was still high despite the high coverage of exclusive breastfeeding and BCG immunization. Several factors such as the quality of vaccines and exclusive breastfeeding might influence the prevalence of TB in children. Future studies should employ more variables to garner more references.

Background: A large proportion of cancer deaths are caused by patient delay in accessing hospital treatment. One of the causes of such delays is the use of alternative medicine. Purpose: This research is conducted to determine the characteristics and factors related to the behavior of seeking treatment in the form of alternative medicine among cancer patients at the Indonesian Cancer Foundation (Yayasan Kanker Indonesia). Methods: This research is a quantitative descriptive research with a cross-sectional study design. The target of the research is all patients who temporarily stayed at the Yayasan Kanker Indonesia from February–April 2020, a total of 45 patients aged ≥ 17 years who had been diagnosed with cancer. The data was obtained via questionnaires and interviews. The variables examined are the predisposition factors (sex, age, education, occupation, stage of cancer, time ranges for accessing health services after symptom onset, prior illness, family history), enabling factors (distance to health services, income, health insurance), and reinforcing factors (family support and information resources). Analysis of research data was conducted using frequency tables and Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact test. Results: The factors related to the behavior of seeking treatment via alternative medicine in cancer patients at Yayasan Kanker Indonesia are the stage of cancer (p=0.04), the time span between symptom onset and checking into health services (p=0.02), and length of illness (p=0.03). Conclusion: Alternative treatment search behavior is influenced by several factors, namely the stage of cancer, the time span between symptom onset and checking into health services, and the length of illness.

Latar Belakang: Tuberkulosis (TB) masih terus menjadi endemik di berbagai wilayah di dunia, termasuk di India, penilaian klinis, pengujian, pelacakan kontak, konfirmasi diagnosis dengan rejimen pengobatan yang diawas. Pemberantasan yang efektif menjadi salah satu penyakit yang penanggulangannya menjadi komitmen global dalam SDGs. Menunjang keberhasilan program penanggulangan TB diperlukan adanya data epidemiologi penyakit TB yang dapat diperoleh melalui kegiatan surveilans epidemiologi TB. Tujuan: mengetahui gambaran dan evaluasi komponen system dan atribut surveilans TB di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Blitar tahun 2018. Metode: penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan rancang studi evaluasi. Evaluasi sistem surveilans di Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Blitar di lakukan dari April – Juni 2018 dan data. Evaluasi system surveilans program TB dilakukan dengan wawancara untuk memperoleh informasi. Hasil: Berdasarkan komponen sistem surveilans diperoleh bahwa Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan petugas kesehatan dianggap mudah mulai dari alur pengumpulan data, pengisian formulir hingga alur pelaporan walaupun dalam pengiriman laporan masih ada Puskesmas yang terlambat dalam proses pengiriman ke aplikasi SITT. Proses analisis hanya dilakukan ditingkat Dinas Kesehatan, sedangkan ditingkat Puskesmas tidak dilakukan analisis. Pada komponen output, umpan balik yang dilakukan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten adalah dengan melakukan monitoring mengenai pengumpulan data serta pengiriman laporan melalui aplikasi Whatssapp dan melakukan miniloka setiap 3 bulan.Kesimpulan: Sistem surveilans TB di Kabupaten Blitar masih memerlukan perbaikan dalam pelaksanaannya dalam hal pengumpulan data, analisis data, ketersediaan pedoman surveilans TB hingga pengetahuan petugas terkait dengan surveilans TB.

Diphtheria is an acute disease that attacks the airways and causes deaths. The risk factors for diphtheria are low Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT) immunization coverage and an unhealthy home environment. One effort to control diphtheria is by providing information in the form of the patient's location that makes it easier to determine the target group of people intervened. The city of Surabaya experienced an increase of 50 diphtheria cases from 2017 to 2018. This study aimed to map and analyze diphtheria cases based on DPT immunization and healthy homes from 2017 to 2018 in the city of Surabaya. This study was classified descriptive analytic and used an ecological design. This study used the Pearson's correlation coefficient statistical test to analyze secondary data from the Surabaya City’s Health Profile of 2017 to 2018. This study employed the Health Mapper 4.3.0.0 application and SPSS software version 23. The study variables were diphtheria cases, DPT immunization coverage, and the percentage of healthy homes in 2017 and 2018 in Surabaya. The results of the statistical test indicated that there was a moderate relationship between DPT basic immunization coupon with the number of diphtheria cases in 2018 (p = 0.007; OR = 0.471); while the percentage of healthy homes and the number of diphtheria cases in 2018 showed a strong correlation (p = 0.002; OR = 0.544). The city experienced an increase in the number of diphtheria cases from 2017 to 2018, as well as the rise in DPT immunization coverage and the percentage of healthy homes, which tended to be stagnant. DPT immunization coverage and the percentage of healthy homes based on the 2018 data were related to the number of diphtheria cases in Surabaya. Counseling for the people in the city should be conducted to ensure that their children get DPT immunization and maintain environment cleanliness for a healthy home.

Background: Jombang District is an endemic area of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Purpose: The aim of this study was to spatially analyze various factors simultaneously (multivariate analysis) in relation to the incidence of DHF in Jombang District during the period 2014–2018. The factors studied were population density, larvae free index, rainfall, coverage of healthy homes, and healthy lifestyle coverage. Methods: The research was conducted as an observational study with an ecology research design. The data were secondary data from the Health Office and Statistic Central Bureau of Jombang District. The population consisted of 21 sub-districts in Jombang District in 2014–2018. The sample used the total population. The data analysis tool used in this study was GeoDa regression Moran's I software. Results: The bivariate analysis showed that there was a correlation between larvae free index (p = 0.04), healthy lifestyle coverage (p = 0.02), rainfall intensity (p = 0.20), population density (p = 0.07), and coverage of healthy houses (p = 0.22) with DHF incidence. According to Moran's I for spatial dependence (multivariate analysis), showed that there was a correlation between all the variables and DHF (p = 0.03). Conclusions: The variables of larvae free index and healthy lifestyle coverage related to the Incidence Rate (IR) of DHF cases. There was no correlation between IR and variable population density, rainfall, or coverage of healthy homes. Various spatial factors are simultaneously related to IR, even though only two variables are shown to be related to IR in the bivariate analysis.

ABSTRACT Background: The program for finding pneumonia cases as an effort to prevent and control infectious diseases in Jombang is getting better. Risk factors for pneumonia in infants include complete basic immunization (IDL) status and nutritional status in infants. Complete basic immunization coverage in Jombang has met the Ministry of Health Strategic Plan 2015-2019 target of 80%, however pneumonia cases continue to occur and have continued to increase for the past 3 years. Objectives: Observing the trend between complete basic immunization coverage and cases of malnutrition with the incidence of pneumonia in children under five in Jombang Regency during 2015, 2016, 2017 and describe the distribution of cases in the form of maps. Methods: This type of research is descriptive by describing in the form of a map. The population in this study were all children under five in Jombang. Data was taken from the Jombang health profile in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Data management uses the Health Mapper application version 4.3.0.0 with product version 4.03. Results: The trend of the incidence of pneumonia with IDL coverage in Jombang in 2015-2017 shows, an increase in pneumonia cases in infants accompanied by a decrease in IDL coverage. This incident occurred in 19.04% in Jombang, specifically in Mojoagung, Sumobito, Ploso and Plandaan. While the increase in pneumonia was accompanied by an increase in cases of malnutrition occurred in 23.8% of the districts namely Ngoro, Mojowarno, Bareng, Sumobito and Plandaan. Conclussions: During 2015, 2016 and 2017 the incidence of pneumonia tends to increase followed by a decrease in IDL coverage and an increase in cases of malnutrition. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Progam penemuan kasus pneumonia sebagai upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian penyakit menular di Jombang semakin membaik. Faktor risiko dari pneumonia pada balita diantaranya adalah status imunisasi dasar lengkap (IDL) dan status gizi pada balita. Cakupan IDL di Kabupaten Jombang telah memenuhi target Renstra Kementrian Kesehatan tahun 2015-2019 sebanyak 80%, namun demikian kasus pneumonia tetap terjadi serta terus mengalami peningkatan selama 3 tahun tersebut. Tujuan: Melihat kecenderungan antara cakupan IDL dan kasus gizi buruk dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita di Kabupaten Jombang selama tahun 2015, 2016, 2017 serta menggambarkan persebarannya dalam bentuk peta. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah peneltian deskriptif dengan menggambarkan dalam bentuk peta. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh balita di Kabupaten Jombang. Data diambil dari profil kesehatan Jombang pada 2015, 2016 dan 2017. Manajemen data menggunakan aplikasi Health Mapper versi 4.3.0.0 dengan versi produk 4.03. Hasil: Kecenderungan kejadian pneumonia dengan cakupan IDL di Jombang pada tahun 2015-2017 menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan kasus pneumonia pada balita disertai dengan penurunan cakupan IDL. Kejadian ini terjadi di 19,04% kecamatan di Jombang tepatnya kecamatan Mojoagung, Sumobito, Ploso dan Plandaan. Sedangkan peningkatan pneumonia disertai dengan peningkatan kasus gizi buruk terjadi di 23,8% kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Ngoro, Mojowarno, Bareng, Sumobito dan Plandaan. Kesimpulan: Selama tahun 2015, 2016 dan 2017 kejadian pneumonia cenderung mengalami peningkatan yang diikuti dengan penurunan cakupan IDL serta peningkatan kasus gizi buruk.

Injuries due to traffic accidents were ranked eighth as health problem that caused deaths in several countries. Many traffic accidents occur in Africa and Southeast Asia with mortality rate of 26.6 and 20.7 deaths per 100,000 populations in 2016. East Java Province was ranked second as the location of traffic accidents on Java. Surabaya was ranked fifth as a contributor to the large number of road traffic accidents in East Java. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between parents’ authoritarian parenting and the experience of teenage traffic accidents while riding a motorcycle. This research is a cross sectional study and uses two stage random sampling method. From the sampling process, as many as 222 students were obtained as respondents. The instrument used in this study consists of personal data and the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) to identify parenting style. Data analysis was carried out by logistic regression test with α= 5%. The data collection process was carried out during April-October 2017 in public and private high school in Surabaya. Logistic regression test results showed that there is no significant impact between parenting style and traffic accidents experienced by respondents (authoritarian p = 0.966; OR = 0.967, permissive p = 0.616; OR = 1.556). The conclusion of this study is that traffic accidents are not directly affected by parenting style, but it has role in forming individual characteristics, such as decision making and driving attitudes.

Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Indonesia is one of the ten countries with the most significant number of measles cases in the world. Immunization coverage in Trenggalek Regency has reached the target of prevention of measles in the elimination stage, namely measles immunization coverage> 95%, the incidence of measles persists and increases in the last three years, from 2013 to 2015. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the trends between measles immunization status and the provision of vitamin A with the incidence of measles in Trenggalek Regency. Methods: This type of research is an observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The sample population is consist of 14 sub-districts in Trenggalek Regency. Data was taken from the health profile of Trenggalek Regency in 2013, 2014, and 2015. In this study, data processing were analysed by Health Mapper application version 4.3.0.0 with product version 4.03 to determine data descriptively. Results: Distribution of measles incidence with immunization coverage in Trenggalek Regency in 2013, 2014, and 2015 showed that measles incidence tended to increase followed with the decreasing number of measles immunization coverage each year. Ironically, the distribution of measles incidence with vitamin A administration in 2013, 2014, and 2015 showed the incidence of measles had increased because of the inconsistent amount of vitamin A administration. Conclusion: Measles incidence tends to occur in low immunization coverage areas and has decreased from the previous year. Giving vitamin A does not prevent the occurrence of measles, but serves to reduce compilation.

Plague which is the zoonosis quarantine disease remains occur in Pasuruan Regency. Plague suspect was still found until year 2013. Plague surveillance that still actively conducted in Pasuruan Regency is probably the only one plague surveillance in Indonesia. Plague surveillance consist of human and rodent surveillance. Evaluation of surveillance system is needed to improve its quality, efficiency, and usefulness. This research aimed to assess the quality of plague surveillance system in Pasuruan Regency year 2014 based on attributes which are simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, data quality, sensitivity, predictive value positive, representativeness, timeliness, and stability. The research design was evaluation study. Subjecct was plague surveillance system in Pasuruan Regency year 2014. Data were collected by interviews, observations, and document study. The obtained data and information were compared to the guidelines and recent theories then presented in narrations, tables, and figures. The research showed that the surveillance system was simple and flexible, lack of data quality and acceptability, unmeasurable sensitivity and predictive value positive, low representativeness and timeliness, and high stability. This research concluded that quality of plague surveillance system in Pasuruan Regency based on its attributes was not good enough. The suggestion given are conduct training, supply a sufficient budgetary fund, do monitoring and evaluation periodically, disseminate information to another program and sector, also to the community, send surveillance report by e-mail, use spreadsheet software for surveillance rodent reporting, improve the report by including information about damage serum, serum less than the total of captured rodent, and report about the missing trap. Keyword: plague, human surveillance, rodent surveillance, surveillance attributes, evaluation

Traffic accidents are a health problem in both developed and developing countries including Indonesia. Number of traffic accidents each year has increased and traffic accidents in Indonesia is considered by WHO as the third biggest killer after coronary heart disease and tuberculosis. Most traffic accidents involving motorcyclists and the current junior high school students are also involved as a perpetrator of the accident. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of knowledge, the use of traffic lane and the driving speed with the incidence of traffic accidents in junior high school students motorcyclists. Type of research is analytic observational cross-sectional study design. The study population was all junior high school students in Wonokromo Surabaya in 2015. The number of respondents in this study of 100 respondents drawn from the population by using two stage cluster random sampling. The variables studied were knowledge, the use of traffic lane and the driving speed. Results of analysis using chi square test (α = 5%) indicate that knowledge (p = 0,027; RR = 1,966), the use of traffic lane (p = 0,005; RR = 1,894) and the driving speed (p = 0,017; RR = 1,941) has a significantly relationship to the incidence of traffic accidents to junior high school students motorcyclists in Wonokromo sub-district Surabaya 2015. Especially under age children of junior high school student are encouraged to not ride a motorcycle before age sufficient and have a driver’s licence. Beside that, the role of parents to prevent underage motorcyclists is needed to support the efforts of the police and schools in minimizing the number of accident to reduce the number of junir high school student involved in a motorcycle accident. Keywords: traffic accident, risk factors, knowledge, traffic lane, speed

The number of cases of breast cancer is increasing every year and it’s a serious health problem in the world, including in Indonesia. Breast cancer is type of cancer that is most dominant in Indonesia. High estrogen exposure is one of factor that can increase the risk of breast cancer in women. This study was conducted to determine the relationship of estrogen exposure through the use of hormonal contraceptives and age of menarche with breast cancer incidence in women. Type of this study is observational analytic and use case control design. All of women breast cancer patients of Dr. Soetomo Hospital in 2013 were the population of case. All of woman non breast cancer patients who done breast examination at Dr Soetomo Hospital in 2013 were the population of control. The number of respondents in this study were 90 respondents were drawn from population using simple random sampling method. The variables studied were the use of hormonal contraceptives and age of menarche. The results of the analysis used binary logistic regression (α = 5%) indicated that the use of hormonal contraceptives (p = 0,028; OR = 3,266) and age of menarche (p =0,031; OR = 3,492) has an significant correlation with incidence of breast cancer in women at Dr. Soetomo Hospital in 2013. It is expected that the community can be more accurate in determining the duration of hormonal contraception usage and avoid lifestyle can accelerate the occurrence of menarche. Keywords: breast cancer, risk factor, hormonal contraceptives, age of menarche, estrogen

ABSTRACT Malaria is a public health problem that can affect infant mortality, under five, pregnant women and can reduce productivity. The annual parasite incidence from 2008 antil 2011showed malaria morbidity in Sumbawa district remain high. The Purpose of this study was to describe the implementation of Malaria Surveillance System at the District Health Office Lombok Sumbawa Besar. This study used a descriptive survey method. Subjects were malaria surveillance officer in district Health office, health centers, and hospitals. Research object is a document epidemiological surveillance report of malaria in 2013. Variables of this study is the implementation of malaria surveillance system (input, process, output) and surveillance system attributes. Data obtained from interviews and observations were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the data type on input stage was not yet complete, the quantity of labor was complete but insufficient quality of human resources, facilities and sufficient funds were available. At stage of the data collection process employed W2 weekly report format and monthly report format, report formats and reporting lines were simple, completeness and monthly reports 100% W2, W2 reporting time liness was > 80% and monthly reports was > 90%, Analysis and interpretation of the data was done However the analysis of relationshif was conducted by 20% of primary health care. The resulting output is a description of endemicity areas, API and SPR are presented in tabular form, graph and maps. Dissemination of information is done in the form of reports, workshops and profiles. Feedback is done each month through coordination meeting, regular meetings and regular supervision. Surveillance evaluation system based on attributed surveillance showed its simplicity and acceptability, however sensitivity can not be assessed yet, low NPP 1.75%, report punctuality was > 80%. It is necessary the existence of expert epidemiologists (S2) and skilled epidemiologists (S1), training officer, coordination, and the role of public institutions and budgetary surveillance of malaria increased in all areas Sumbawa district health offices. Keywords: malaria surveillance systems, evaluation, surveillance attributes

ABSTRACT Osteoarthritis represent disease at most found in the world, including in Indonesia. This disease cause pain in bone and disability at patient so disturb everyday activity. One of removed occurrence of knee Osteoarthritis was obesity. Other factors like age, gender, physical activity, and habit smoke were risk factors of knee Osteoarthritis . This research was the relationship of obesitas and individuals factors with occurrence knee osteoarthritis at Surabaya Islamic Hospital. The methods of this research was an observation with case control design. Level of sampel was 64 which consist of 32 case group and 32 control group from incomed patient to radiology unit Islamic Hospital Surabaya for X-Ray photo. The dependent variable was occurence of knee osteoarthritis . The independent variables were obesity, gender, age, physical activity, habit smoke. The instrument used was a questionnaire and form BMI measurement. Data analysis used Chi-Square test with α=0,05 and to know oods ratio (OR) used statclac. The results showed significant relationship between occurence of knee osteoartritis with obesity (p=0,001,OR=7,20), age (p=0,012,OR=3,67) , gender (p=0,005,OR=4,69). For the characteristic of habit smoke (p=0,268,OR=0,56) and physical activity (p=0.919,OR=0,71) were’nt associated with occurence of knee Osteoarthritis at Surabaya Islamic Hospital. The conclusion there is relationship between obesity with knee osteoarthritis at Surabaya Islamic Hospital. Risk factor knee osteoarthritis like gender and age also there were relation with occurence of knee osteoarthritis , for the risk factor of physical activity and habit smoke were’nt relation with occurence of knee osteoarthritis. Keyword : Knee osteoarthritis, obesity, individual factors

Hypertension is often called a silent killer disease because it does not give symptoms to the affected person. Bojonegoro Regency in East Java is one of the areas with a high rate of non-communicable diseases, reaching 385,465people. Pekuwon Village in Bojonegoro Regency is one of many areas with high hypertension problems. An education program is needed to increase knowledge about hypertension as a disease that can come unexpectedly. The target of this education program is the people of Pekuwon Village aged 15-59 years. The hypertension education program was carried out during the Posbindu PTM activity in Pekuwon Village which was attended by 39 participants. The speaker of the education program was a village cadre who had been trained by the community service team of the Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga. The evaluation used pre-test before giving information and post-test after giving information. The results showed an increase in knowledge from 63.63% to 97.43%. These results meet the program's success indicators, namely a 30% increase in knowledge in the Pekuwon Village community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]