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Abstract Background The related proteins Boi1 and Boi2, which appear to promote polarized growth in S. cerevisiae, both contain a PH (pleckstrin homology) and an SH3 (src homology 3) domain. Previously, we gained evidence that a PH domain-bearing segment of Boi1, which we call Boi1-PH, is sufficient and necessary for function. In the current study, we investigate the binding of Boi1's PH domain to the acidic phospholipids PIP2 (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate) and PS (phosphatidylserine). Results Boi1-PH co-sediments with PS vesicles. It does so more readily when these vesicles contain a small amount of PIP2. Boi1-PH is degraded in yeast extracts in a manner that is stimulated by PIP2. Amino-acid substitutions that diminish binding to PIP2 and PS impair Boi1 function. Fusion to a myristoyl group-accepting sequence improves to different degrees the ability of these different mutant versions of Boi1-PH to function. Boi1 and Boi2 are localized to the periphery of buds during much of the budding cycle and to necks late in the cell cycle. Amino-acid substitutions that diminish binding to PIP2 and PS impair localization of Boi1 to the bud, but do not affect the localization of Boi1 to the neck. Conversely, a mutation in the SH3 domain prevents the localization of Boi1 to the neck, but does not impair localization to the bud. Conclusions Boi1's PH domain binds to acidic phospholipids, and this binding appears to be important for Boi1 function. The main role of binding to PS may simply be to promote the association of the PH domain with membrane. The higher-affinity binding to PIP2, which apparently promotes a conformational change in the PH domain, may play an important additional role. Boi1 and Boi2 are localized to sites of polarized growth. Whereas the SH3 domain is needed for localization of Boi1 to the neck, the phospholipid-binding portion of the PH domain is important for localization to the bud.

The uniaxial tensile and cupping tests of cobalt‐chromium‐iron‐manganese‐nickel high entropy alloy were performed to investigate the effect of solid soluted carbon addition on the strengthening mechanism. The results revealed that at 0.5 at % carbon, the tensile strength, uniform elongation, and cupping strength of the sample were promoted. However, the brittleness fracture appeared by further increasing carbon to 1.0 at %, as caused by the carbides along grain boundary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extends research on Computer Integrated Transportation (CIT) to emergency operations (EOs). The objectives of the study are to examine EOs in California, identify their role in gathering and using traffic incident information, establish the basis of coordination between EOs and TMCs, identify Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) services and technologies that may be beneficial to their operations, and finally compare and contrast similarities and differences between the California emergency operations and the emerging ITS National Architecture. This report covers the findings for the San Francisco Bay Area.

In this paper, the authors formulate an evaluation taxonomy to identify a broad range of factors that would be important for a comprehensive assessment of congestion pricing. The evaluation taxonomy consists of three dimensions: road pricing strategies, impacted groups and impacts. The paper also includes a literature review of previous research in road pricing, especially regarding modeling tools and methods for conducting evaluation.

Abstract Background Spontaneous hepatic hemorrhage is a rare condition, most commonly diagnosed in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatic adenomas, and is seldom caused by metastatic disease. In this case report, we present a patient with spontaneous hepatic hemorrhage due to hepatic metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma, an exceptionally rare occurrence. Case presentation The patient was a 77-year-old white male with a history of atrial fibrillation treated with apixaban. He presented at a local hospital with abdominal pain and nausea. A CT scan revealed a hepatic lesion in segment 3 with an adjacent hematoma. He was referred to our tertiary center and treated conservatively. Further evaluation revealed an intrathoracic goiter containing a tumorous process diagnosed as a papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and the patient subsequently underwent thyroidectomy. A biopsy of the hepatic lesion confirmed it as a PTC metastasis. Due to worsening abdominal pain and anorexia, the patient underwent subacute hepatic segmental resection. Postoperatively, he developed iodine-refractory disease with disseminated metastasis and passed away 22 months after the initial admission. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first recorded case of metastasized papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting with spontaneous hepatic hemorrhage—adding to the list of rare causes for this condition.

Marine aquaculture of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a relatively new industry where breeding programs have led to rapid genetic change in the captive populations that were built up alongside conspecific wild individuals. Throughout its 50-years history, marine aquaculture of Atlantic salmon has been associated with escapes, and studies have shown that escapees may enter rivers, spawn successfully, and this may lead to farmed-to-wild genetic introgression and maladaptation in wild populations. Yet, an open question is what factors can best explain the variability in the proportion of farmed escapees in wild populations, and when present, which additional factors lead to introgression. Here, we combine two large-scale data sets from monitoring escaped farmed salmon and introgression in Norwegian rivers between 2006 and 2018 to model how anthropogenic, environmental, and population factors influence proportion of escapees and level of introgression. We found that increasing farming intensity and river discharge increase the expected proportions of escaped farmed salmon in rivers, whereas a larger wild salmon population size reduces the expected proportion of escapees despite increasing the expected absolute numbers of escaped farmed salmon. On a large scale, introgression is primarily a function of proportions of escaped farmed salmon, and only to a minor extent a function of local environmental factors or salmon population characteristics. This suggests that as long as salmon aquaculture is based on technologies where non-sterile fish can escape, all anadromous wild Atlantic salmon populations are at risk. Large marine protected areas without salmon aquaculture may slow down the rate of intrusion and introgression by increasing the distance between intensive aquaculture and wild populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has been conducted on the cofactor regeneration such as regiospecific conversion of NAD (super)+ to 1,4-NADH. The reduction of the model NAD (super)+ compound, 1-benzylnicotinamide triflate, via the use of [Cp (super)* Rh(Bpy)(H (sub)2 O)] (super)2+, where Cp (super)* is Nu (super)5 -C (sub)5 Me (sub)5 and bpy is 2,2'-bipyridyl, as a catalyst precursor and sodium formate as the hydride source has been carried out and the results are reported.

The roles of carboxylato and sulfonamido ligands is made clear by a comparative synthetic, structural and thermodynamic study of coordinatively unsaturated chelate complexes, which are monomeric in solution and in the solid states. However, the oxalato complex exists as a 'n' oligomer or polymer that serves as a versatile precursor to monomeric adducts 6-L.