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Interferons play a major role in innate immunity and disease resistance. Porcine interferon alpha has 17 subtypes, and their gene sequences, tissue expression profiles, and antiviral activities have been primarily studied in domestic pigs but not in minipigs. Bama minipigs are genetically stable disease-resistant and making them as laboratory animal models for bioscience studies. To define the potential mechanism for disease resistance, in this study, we cloned 17 subtypes of Porcine interferon alpha genes in Bama minipigs using high fidelity polymerase chain reaction and subsequent sequencing. Sequence alignment showed that the 17 porcine interferon alpha subtypes were 98%–100 % homologous in those of domestic pigs. However, significantly different tissue expression profiles of PoIFN-α subtypes were found in the two pig species using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Among the 10 different Bama minipig tissues tested, significant expression of multi-subtype porcine interferon alpha was detected in the lymph nodes and spleen, whereas no or low expression of fewer subtypes was detected in the heart, lung, brain, and small intestine. Sequence analysis revealed that the porcine interferon alpha promoters were almost similar between the two pig species. A cytopathic effect inhibition assay showed that the recombinant 17 porcine interferon alpha subtypes purified from mammalian cells had significantly different antiviral profile against vesicular stomatitis virus, porcine pseudorabies virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus compared with those in domestic pigs. Our findings provide evidence that porcine interferon alpha subtypes are highly conserved between Bama minipigs and domestic pigs but show varied tissue expression pattern and antiviral capabilities, which may contribute to their differences in disease resistance.

Objective·To study the effects of translocator protein (TSPO) agonist Ro5-4864 on autophagy and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid-derived-2-like 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling in diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) rats.Methods·Type 2 diabetic rats were established by high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ), and DNP rats were filtered by behavioral assessment. Twenty-four rats were randomly assigned to the Sham group, DNP group, TSPO agonist Ro5-4864 group (Ro group), and TSPO agonist Ro5-4864 combined with Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 group (Ro+ML385 group). Up-Down method was used to measure paw 50% mechanical withdrawal threshold (50% PMWT) of the rats before high-fat diet (baseline), and on Day 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after STZ. Sciatic nerves were collected on the last day to analyze the effects of Ro5-4864 on autophagy related proteins and Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling related proteins of DNP rats by using immunofluorescence and Western blotting.Results·The 50% PMWT in the DNP group decreased from D3 to D28 (P=0.000 at all timing), and the expression of Bcl-2 interacting coiled-coil protein 1 (Beclin-1), microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-Ⅱ (LC3-Ⅱ), HO-1, and nuclear Nrf2 (P=0.000) were significantly reduced in the sciatic nerves of DNP rats (all P=0.000), compared with those in the sham group, but p62 was significantly increased (P=0.000). Administration of Ro5-4864 attenuated these changes in the rats of the Ro group. There was a gradual increase in the 50% PMWT, compared with that of the rats in the DNP group (D14 P=0.039, both D21 and D28 P=0.000), and the impairment of autophagy and the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling was repaired, which was demonstrated by increases of Beclin-1, LC3-Ⅱ, HO-1, and nuclear Nrf2 protein contents (all P=0.000) and a decrease in p62 content (P=0.001). However, the beneficial effects of Ro5-4864 were totally abrogated by ML385 in rats of the Ro+ML385 group.Conclusion·TSPO alleviates DNP in rats, of which the mechanism involves activation of autophagy via upregulation of the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in sciatic nerves. This study provides a new strategy for the treatment of DNP.

Background: To explore the role of LncFEZF1-AS1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues and cells, and the possible molecular mechanism. Methods: Expressions of LncFEZF1-AS1 in RCC tissues and adjacent ones were detected. The association of LncFEZF1-AS1 level with clinical data of RCC patients was also analyzed. Besides, the differential expressions of LncFEZF1-AS1 in a variety of RCC cell lines were also determined. Then the LncFEZF1-AS1 knockdown model was constructed in RCC cell line to further determine the influences of LncFEZF1-AS1 on the proliferative ability and migration of RCC cells through CCK8 and Transwell experiments. Furthermore, luciferase reporter gene experiment were used to validate the combination of LncFEZF1-AS1 to ETNK1. Results: Results suggested that expression of LncFEZF1-AS1 was noticeably higher in RCC tumor tissues and the RCC cells. Clinical pathological data analysis also suggested that high LncFEZF1-AS1 expression was in correlation with the pathological stage and the incidence of distant metastasis in RCC patients, and the poor overall survival rate. In vitro experiments demonstrated that knocking down of LncFEZF1-AS1 markedly repressed the proliferation and migration of RCC cell lines. Bioinformatics suggested that LncFEZF1-AS1 can interact with the downstream target gene ETNK1, which was confirmed by the luciferase reporter gene experiments. Western Blot results revealed that knocking down of LncFEZF1-AS1 markedly enhanced ETNK1. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that ETNK1 level was under-expressed in RCC tissues and in negative correlation with LncFEZF1-AS1. Further experiments suggested that knockdown of ETNK1 partially reversed the inhibitory effects of LncFEZF1-AS1 silencing on the proliferative and migrative abilities of RCC cells. Conclusions: LncFEZF1-AS1 could facilitation the proliferative and migration of RCC cells by regulating the expression of ETNK1. Therefore, FEZF1-AS1 might function as a cancer-promoting factor and possible new therapeutic target for RCC.

The growing utilization of metformin (MET) in diabetes treatment has resulted in its occurrence in wastewater treatment plants, where conventional techniques were proved inadequate in eliminating it. The present study evaluated the potential of UV/sulfite system in degrading MET and analyzed the influence of common factors (i.e UV intensity, dosage of reagent, the pH value of reaction solution) on the target contaminant removal. In comparison with both direct UV photolysis and merely sulfite reduction, the UV/sulfite process had a remarkable enhancement in MET removal, with 96.54% of MET (initial concentration of 15 mg/L) being degraded within 30 minutes. A strong linear relationship (R2 > 0.99) was observed between MET degradation kinetics and UV intensity. The increase of sulfite dosage and solution pH could promote MET degradation to a certain extent in the studied system. Additionally, the hydrated electron (eaq-) was found played the principle role in MET removal through scavenging reactions.

Aiming at scenario of using wireless charging device to carry out energy transmission for underground wireless rechargeable sensor networks, deployment of charging device was transformed into charging coverage problem, and the optimal charging coverage model was established based on charging model. In order to obtain the approximate optimal solution of the optimal charging coverage model, a wireless charging device deployment algorithm based on grid division was proposed. The optimal position of charging device is determined through grid division and scanning, and the number of charging devices is minimized while charging coverage of all sensor nodes is satisfied. The simulation results show that when the number of sensor nodes is small, grid size has little influence on charging coverage, while charging radius has a great influence on the number of charging devices. When the number of sensor nodes is large, grid size has a certain influence on charging coverage, while charging radius has little influence on the number of charging devices. When charging radius exceeds a certain range, the number of charging devices required is almost constant.

Irradiation technology has been widely used in the field of food processing. It is urgent to figure out whether the quality of frozen meat food would change after irradiation, when the SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the imported cold-chain meat. The effects of irradiation on the quality of frozen meat are summarized from the aspects of food sensory, protein decomposition, fat oxidation, vitamin content and so on, providing reference for the formulation of irradiation for the elimination of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses on frozen food, as well as the study of irradiated frozen meat and the industrial development of irradiated frozen food.

In this study, the application of a two-stage inexact programming with value-at-risk (TIPV) model in water resources system planning has been developed. The TIPV method is intended to tackle the inexact parameters and the risks of economic loss. The application of case study shows that more alternatives under multiple levels of risks could be generated. The amount of water shortages and the width of system benefit intervals would decrease as the risk increases. TIPV could provide more effective information for stakeholders to recognize social policies with maximized system benefits under various risk levels.

In the south-eastern Eastern Alps, the Reifnitz tonalite intruded into the Austroalpine metamorphic basement of the Wörthersee half-window exposed north of the Sarmatian–Pliocene flexural Klagenfurt basin. The Reifnitz tonalite is dated for the first time, and yields a laser ICP-MS U–Pb zircon age of 30.72±0.30 Ma. The (U–Th–Sm)/He apatite age of the tonalite is 27.6 ± 1.8 Ma implying rapid Late Oligocene cooling of the tonalite to ca. 60 °C. The Reifnitz tonalite intruded into a retrogressed amphibolite-grade metamorphic basement with a metamorphic overprint of Cretaceous age (40Ar/39Ar white mica plateau age of 90.7 ± 1.6 Ma). This fact indicates that pervasive Alpine metamorphism of Cretaceous age extends southwards almost up to the Periadriatic fault. Based on the exhumation and erosion history of the Reifnitz tonalite and the hosting Wörthersee half window formed by the Wörthersee anticline, the age of gentle folding of Austroalpine units in the south-eastern part of the Eastern Alps is likely of Oligocene age. North of the Wörthersee antiform, Upper Cretaceous–Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene sedimentary rocks of the Krappfeld basin are preserved in a gentle synform, suggesting that the top of the Krappfeld basin has always been near the Earth’s surface since the Late Cretaceous. The new data imply, therefore, that the Reifnitz tonalite is part of a post-30 Ma antiform, which was likely exhumed, uplifted and eroded in two steps. In the first step, which is dated to ca. 31–27 Ma, rapid cooling to ca. 60 °C and exhumation occurred in an E–W trending antiform, which formed as a result of a regional N–S compression. In the second step of the Sarmatian–Pliocene age a final exhumation occurred in the peripheral bulge in response to the lithospheric flexure in front of the overriding North Karawanken thrust sheet. The Klagenfurt basin developed as a flexural basin at the northern front of the North Karawanken, which represent a transpressive thrust sheet of a positive flower structure related to the final activity along the Periadriatic fault. In the Eastern Alps, on a large scale, the distribution of Periadriatic plutons and volcanics seems to monitor a northward or eastward shift of magmatic activity, with the main phase of intrusions ca. 30 Ma at the fault itself.

To fulfill the requirements of the dielectric property measurement in the terahertz band, herein, a broadband quasi-optical system was designed and verified utilizing a planar scanning system. Additionally, the method of retrieving the dielectric parameters was discussed. Our experimental findings indicated that the measurement results were in good agreement with the theoretical results. Boron silicon, and deionized water were used for verifying the measurement, and the permittivity was obtained using a numerical method. We found that the dielectric properties were in good agreement with the typical values. This indicated that the proposed quasi-optical method effectively characterized the permittivity.

Rapid advancements and emergent technologies add an additional layer of complexity to preparing computer science and information technology higher education students for entering the post pandemic job market. Knowing and predicting employers' technical skill needs is essential for shaping curriculum development to address the emergent skill gap. Examining online advertisements to determine the skills sought by employers of new hires for these emerging areas and ensuring that program course content addresses these skills can be a daunting task. In this paper, the authors describe the development of a data-driven analytics framework that can be used for evaluating emerging skill clusters in online job adverts and the application of the framework to a mobile computing course at the authors' institution.

In this paper, we present detailed field observations, chronological, geochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic data and discuss the petrogenetic aspects of two types of mafic dykes, of alkaline to subalkaline nature. The alkaline mafic dykes exhibit a cumulate to foliated texture and strike NW–SE, parallel to the main trend of the region. The 40Ar/39Ar amphibole age of 321.32 ± 0.55 Ma from an alkaline mafic dyke is interpreted as an indication of Carboniferous cooling through ca. 550 °C after intrusion of the dyke into the granitic Galeh-Doz orthogneiss and Amphibolite-Metagabbro units, the latter with Early Carboniferous amphibolite facies grade metamorphism and containing the Dare-Hedavand metagabbro with a similar Carboniferous age. The alkaline and subalkaline mafic dykes can be geochemically categorized into those with light REE-enriched patterns [(La/Yb)N = 8.32–9.28] and others with a rather flat REE pattern [(La/Yb)N = 1.16] and with a negative Nb anomaly. Together, the mafic dykes show oceanic island basalt to MORB geochemical signature, respectively. This is consistent, as well, with the (Tb/Yb)PM ratios. The alkaline mafic dykes were formed within an enriched mantle source at depths of ˃ 90 km, generating a suite of alkaline basalts. In comparison, the subalkaline mafic dykes were formed within more depleted mantle source at depths of ˂ 90 km. The subalkaline mafic dyke is characterized by 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.706 and positive ɛNd(t) value of + 0.77, whereas 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.708 and ɛNd(t) value of + 1.65 of the alkaline mafic dyke, consistent with the derivation from an enriched mantle source. There is no evidence that the mafic dykes were affected by significant crustal contamination during emplacement. Because of the similar age, the generation of magmas of alkaline mafic dykes and of the Dare-Hedavand metagabbro are assumed to reflect the same process of lithospheric or asthenospheric melting. Carboniferous back-arc rifting is the likely geodynamic setting of mafic dyke generation and emplacement. In contrast, the subalkaline mafic sill is likely related to the emplacement of the Jurassic Darijune gabbro.

In order to reveal the process of insulation destruction of circuit breaker in GIS under lightning impulse voltage, a new method of transient insulation numerical analysis is described in this paper. A combination of the electromagnetic transient analysis method and optimised charge simulation method (CSM) was put forward to calculate and analyse the transient insulation characteristics of 550 kV circuit breaker in GIS under lightning impulse voltage. The results show that, within 0–15 μ, though the voltage of circuit breaker did not reach its peak, there is severe electric field distortion caused by sharp change of voltage with a high probability of circuit breaker insulation breakdown. In addition, as for the circuit breaker insulation structure optimisation design, it is advisable to restrain the change rate of electric field strength amplitude so as to reduce the probability of insulation breakdown, rather than simply verify insulation structure by using maxi-mum electric field strength as the voltage input parameters of the electrostatic field under the power frequency in accordance with the traditional insulation analysis method, with the purpose of ensuring the circuit breaker can operate safely and reliably for a long time.

Influence relationship between microwave power transmission and sensor node communication was researched in intermittent co-channel mechanism. A frame loss rate model was established, and the relationship among frame loss rate, power transmission time, power suspension time and data transmission rate was analyzed. The simulation results show that the frame loss rate raises along with the ratio of power transmission time and power suspension time; when the data transmission rate is below 100 kbit/s, the frame loss rate declines with decreasing of the data transmission rate. The real measurement result proves the validity of the frame loss rate model.

In order to apply electromagnetic energy harvesting technology in mine tunnels, the power transfer characteristics of electromagnetic energy harvesting were studied using experimental measurement and statistical analysis method. The expression of microwave path loss in tunnel was established, thus the power transfer model of energy harvesting used in mine tunnels was deduced, which is able to calculate power transfer efficiency in both arched and rectangular tunnels in short distance. Simulation and experimental analysis shows correctness of the model, and shows that the power attenuation is affected by the path loss exponent, and improving transmitted power continually is not the optimal choice to promote the charging efficiency, in practical application, different locations should adopt reasonable antenna polarizations to gain the maximal power.

The main cause for cascading failure is large-scale overload caused by localised abnormal flows. With the increase of wind power penetration, the complexity of flow distribution is strengthened. Therefore, it is necessary to study influences of site selection and permeability of wind power generation on cascading failure. An analysis method based on electric betweenness of nodes was put forward, and influences of permeability change on cascading failure on different location selection for wind power generation were researched. According to the study, it was found that when the electric betweenness was low, the overload of wind power led to declining uniformity of power flow distribution, resulting in transfer of flows to other lines. As a result, the heavy load of lines was further aggravated to promote the development of cascading failure. Simulation results of the IEEE30 system showed that with the increase of wind power penetration, the cascading failure was aggravated; and under the same permeability, the lower the electric betweenness of location selection was, the severer cascading failure would be.

In view of problem that most of 3D modeling methods for mine roadway are based on stand-alone computer and it is difficult to share the models via Web, the paper discussed an implementation method of roadway modeling applying 3D Web graphics technology. The method gets section 3D line through 3D coordinate transformation of bottom centerlines and section parameters, uses section modeling algorithm to establish triangle strip 3D model of roadway; uses HOOPS 3D flow control embedded in a Web page and HSF stream file of 3D model to achieve network publishing of 3D model of roadway, and achieves access and interaction to large-scale 3D model of roadway with the help of network 3D graphics technology and browser.

Studying ionic wind is crucial for deepening our comprehension of electrical discharge processes and refining their application in industrial technologies. This research investigates the behavior of needle–needle electrode using high-speed schlieren imaging techniques, focusing on the dynamics of ionic wind and its influence on spark discharge channel formation. Observations indicate that the ionic wind generated during corona discharge provides a structured pathway that significantly guides the development of spark discharge channels, particularly evident in horizontal configurations. Our findings reveal that the velocity and density of the ionic wind increase with decreasing curvature radius of the needle tip, thereby enhancing its guiding effect. Furthermore, the spark discharge channel forms through the convergence of positive and negative streamers, which meet near the cathode, leading to substantial disturbances in the surrounding flow field post-discharge. This research highlights the intricate relationship between corona and spark discharges, demonstrating the critical role of ionic wind in influencing discharge channel morphology and offering insights for future applications in plasma and electrostatic-based technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]