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Background and PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the arterial disease risk factors for the progression of intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) in patients with carotid atherosclerosis using serial high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.MethodsConsecutive symptomatic patients who had MRI evidence of intraplaque hemorrhage present in the ipsilateral carotid artery with respect to the side of the brain affected by stroke or TIA were recruited in the study. All the patients underwent follow-up MR imaging at least 6 months after baseline. The annual change in IPH and other carotid plaque morphology was calculated, and a tertile method was used to classify the plaques as progressed or not with respect to IPH volume using the software CASCADE. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were conducted to evaluate the risk factors for the progression of IPH.ResultsA total of thirty-four symptomatic patients (mean age: 67.1 years, standard deviation [SD]: 9.8 years, 27 men) were eligible for the final analysis, and contralateral plaques containing IPH were seen in 11 of these patients (making 45 plaques with IPH in total). During mean 16.6-month (SD: 11.0 months) follow-up, the overall annual change in IPH volume in 45 plaques with IPH was mean −10.9 mm3 (SD: 49.1 mm3). Carotid plaques were significantly more likely to be classified in progressed IPH group if the patient was taking antiplatelet agent at baseline (OR: 9.76; 95%CI: 1.05 to 90.56; p = 0.045), had a baseline history of current or past smoking (OR: 9.28; 95%CI: 1.26 to 68.31; p = 0.029), or had a larger baseline carotid plaque-containing vessel wall volume (OR: 1.36 per 10 mm3; 95%CI: 1.02 to 1.81; p = 0.032) after adjustments for confounding factors. ROC analysis indicated that the combination of these three risk factors in the final model produced good discriminatory value for the progressed IPH group (area under the curve: 0.887).ConclusionsTaking an antiplatelet agent at baseline, a baseline history of current or past smoking and larger baseline carotid plaque-containing vessel wall volume were independently predictive of plaques being in the progressed IPH group. Our findings indicate that awareness and management of such risk factors may reduce the risk of intraplaque hemorrhage progression.

Mangrove coast is one of the typical coasts in low latitude area.Mangrove is widely distributed in southern coastal cites of China,which is of great significance for tide resistance,shoal reinforcement,environmental protection and ecological security.However,mangrove hydrodynamics develops slowly in estuarine and coastal research.This paper establishes a two-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model based on high-resolution scheme and ‘slot method’ to simulate and study the hydrodynamic characteristics of small-scale mangrove creek,and builds a simplified theoretical model based on water conservation to explore the relationship between maximum velocity and tide level.The results show that:The tidal current asymmetry in the creek is mainly affected by the incident tidal wave,and the topography in the creek cannot cause the alternation of asymmetric nature of tidal current;The mangrove is favorable for the flow structure in the creek to maintain the tidal flat and gather the materials;Mangrove has significant impact on the decrease of the longitudinal velocity on the tidal flat,but little effect on the transverse velocity;The density of natural mangrove has little effect on the velocity,and the increase of width of the deep channel promotes the flood-dominated tidal velocity;The tide level at maximum velocity is related to the depth-width ratio of the deep channel,the slope of the tidal flat and the scale of the deep channel,and affected by the flood-ebb time-asymmetry;The influence by tidal flat slope mainly comes from the change of tidal prism in the creek.The flood tide process is mainly controlled by the incident tidal wave at the entrance,while the ebb tide process is mainly affected by the volume of tidal prism in the creek.

Background: The features of intracranial arteries in patients with Moyamoya disease (MMD) have been widely investigated. However, the MR characteristics of extracranial internal carotid artery (EICA) and their effect on outcomes of revascularization treatment are not fully understood. Purpose: To investigate the characteristics of EICA and their relationship with outcomes of revascularization treatment in adult patients with MMD based on higher‐resolution MRI (HRMRI). Study Type: Prospective interventional outcomes. Subjects: Two hundred eighty‐eight consecutive patients with MMD (mean age: 43.7 ± 11.2 years; 140 male). Field Strength/Sequence: Turbo inversion recovery magnitude T1‐weighted imaging and turbo spin echo (TSE) T2‐weighted imaging, three‐dimensional time‐of‐flight MR angiography, T2‐fluid attenuated inversion recovery, and 3D T1‐SPACE vessel wall imaging at 3.0 T. Assessment: The HRMRI characteristics of EICA were determined. The relationship between the characteristics of EICA (proximal stenosis, diffuse wall thickening, carotid plaques, and luminal thrombosis) and stroke outcomes of revascularization treatment in patients with MMD was analyzed. The discriminative ability of EICA characteristics in combination with intracranial carotid artery features (involvement of vessel segments, bilateral involvement, and Suzuki stage) to determine stroke outcomes was compared with that of intracranial artery features alone during a mean 8.0 months follow‐up period. Statistical Tests: Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan–Meier curves to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for stroke with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for assessing discriminative performance. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: During a mean 8.0 ± 2.2 months follow‐up, of the 288 participants, 137 had proximal stenosis (47.6%), 106 had diffuse wall thickening (36.8%), 60 had carotid plaques (20.8%), and 27 had luminal thrombosis (9.4%) of EICA. Of these features, proximal stenosis (HR = 2.86; 95% CI = 1.13–7.29) and diffuse wall thickening (HR = 2.62; 95% CI = 1.16–5.94) of EICA were significantly associated with stroke after surgery, before and after adjusting for confounding factors. In discriminating the stroke outcomes after surgery, combining characteristics of EICA with features of intracranial arteries resulted in a significant incremental improvement (DeLong test, P < 0.05) in the AUC over that obtained with features of intracranial arteries alone (AUC: 0.73 vs. 0.60–0.64). Conclusion: Proximal stenosis and diffuse wall thickening of EICA were significantly associated with stroke outcomes after surgery in patients with MMD. Our findings suggest that understanding the characteristics of EICA has added value for intracranial vessels in predicting future events after surgery in patients with MMD. Evidence Level: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 4 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red mud (RM) is a typical bulk solid waste with Fe/Al/Si/Ca-rich characteristics that has been used to prepare various heterogeneous catalysts such as iron-based catalysts and supported catalysts. Prussian blue analogues (PBA) is a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and active site rich iron-based metal organic framework, but its catalytic properties are adversely affected by their easy aggregation. In this study, nickel-doped RM-based PBA (RM-Ni PBA) was synthesized by acid dissolution-coprecipitation method for the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The characterization showed that RM-Ni PBA was a material with excellent dispersibility, large specific surface area, and abundant active sites. The degradation results showed that the removal efficiency of CIP in the RM-Ni PBA/H2O2 system was 16.63, 1.78, and 1.81 times that of RM, RM-PB, and Ni PBA, respectively. It was found that 1O2 was the main reactive oxygen species (ROS) dominated the degradation process, and its formation was accompanied by the mutual conversion of Ni(II)/Fe(II) and Ni(III)/Fe(III). Notably, the degradation process maintained a satisfactory efficiency over a wide pH range (3–9) and exhibited strong anti-interference ability against impurities such as Cl−, SO42−, and NO3−. The components and contents of RM-Ni PBA remained relatively stable during the degradation process. In addition, the degradation intermediates of CIP were identified, and possible degradation pathways were proposed. This study is expected to provide theoretical basis and technical guidance for the application of RM-based heterogeneous catalyst in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) affects various cells, systems, and organs in vivo and in vitro. PM2.5 adversely affects human health through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagy, ferroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Phytochemicals are of interest for their broad range of physiological activities and few side effects, and, in recent years, they have been widely used to mitigate the adverse effects caused by PM2.5 exposure. In this review, the roles of various phytochemicals are summarized, including those of polyphenols, carotenoids, organic sulfur compounds, and saponin compounds, in mitigating PM2.5-induced adverse reactions through different molecular mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis, and regulation of autophagy. These are useful as a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of disease caused by PM2.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Previous studies have established that heterozygous mutation for the p.R4810K variant can influence the severity of the clinical phenotype in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) at disease onset. However, the relationship between the p.R4810K variant and the clinical phenotype of long-term unfavorable outcomes in Chinese pediatric patients remains unclear. Objectives. The primary aim of this study was to examine the association of heterozygous p.R4810K of RNF213 and long-term unfavorable outcomes after encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) in Chinese pediatric patients with MMD. Method. In this retrospective cohort study, we included 259 pediatric patients with MMD who possessed the known p.R4810K genotype. These individuals underwent EDAS along with genotyping analysis for p.R4810K via a TaqMan probe and the QuantStudio 6 Flex Real-Time PCR System. Subsequently, we evaluated their long-term outcomes. The variables we assessed were age at diagnosis, gender, p.R4810K genotypes, initial modified Rankin scale (mRS), clinical manifestations (such as hemorrhage and ischemia), posterior cerebral artery (PCA) involvement combined with angiographic stage, and their history of risk factors like hyperlipidemia and hyperhomocysteinemia. Furthermore, we scrutinized long-term unfavorable outcomes using both univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression to identify independent predictive factors. Results. This study enrolled 259 Chinese pediatric patients with MMD, which included both newly and previously diagnosed cases, who underwent EDAS. The cohort comprised 130 male participants (50.19%) and 129 female participants (49.81%), with a median onset age of 8 years (median, IQR: 6-12 years). Among these patients, homozygous mutations were exceptionally rare, identified in only 4 individuals (1.54%), while the prevalence of heterozygous mutations was relatively higher, observed in 85 children (32.82%). The multivariate logistic regression showed that several factors were significantly associated with long-term unfavorable outcomes: older age at diagnosis (OR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.7-0.96], P = 0.014), onset with hematoma (OR, 12.76 [95% CI, 1.52-106.89], P = 0.019), initial mRS (OR, 24.53 [95% CI, 6.51-92.41], P < 0.001), perioperative infarction (OR, 22.16 [95% CI, 1.45-337.96], P = 0.026), and infarction during follow-up (OR, 14.5 [95% CI, 2.04-103.12], P = 0.008). Furthermore, the cumulative incidence of initial infarction suggested that pediatric patients with homozygous or heterozygous mutations typically present at a younger age and exhibit a higher incidence of initial infarction compared to those carrying wild-type genotypes. Conclusions. The study suggests that the p.R4810K variant is associated with the onset age of MMD in Chinese pediatric patients, potentially impacting long-term outcomes. Surprisingly low recurrent stroke rates were observed across all genotypes, including homozygous individuals for the pathogenic variant, indicating that nongenetic factors may also play a role in the course and outcomes of MMD in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the association between stroke and imaging and clinical features in conservatively treated patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). Purpose: To investigate independent risk factors for stroke in conservatively treated patients with MMD during a long‐term follow‐up. Study Type: Prospective study. Subjects: One hundred sixty conservatively managed patients with MMD (median age 46 years, 89 male). Field Strength/Sequence: Time of flight, turbo inversion recovery magnitude T1WI, turbo spin echo (TSE) T2WI, echo‐planar imaging DWI, T2‐fluid attenuated inversion recovery, dynamic susceptibility contrast‐magnetic resonance imaging, and pre‐ and post‐contrast 3D TSE T1WI sequences at 3.0 Tesla. Assessment: Patients were assessed at baseline and followed yearly. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke incidence rates were determined. Multiple demographic, clinical (modified Rankin score [mRS]), and cerebral imaging (cerebral blood volume [CBV] and concentric enhancement of arterial wall) factors at baseline were considered as potential predictors of stroke during the follow‐up period. Statistical Tests: Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) for stroke. Cumulative risk of stroke was estimated by the Kaplan–Meier product‐limit method. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The median follow‐up duration was 47 months. During the follow‐up period, 18 (11.25%) patients experienced stroke events (13 [8.13%] ischemic, 5 [3.12%] hemorrhagic). Univariable analysis showed that 11 factors were significantly associated with stroke. After adjustment for clinical characteristics, multivariable analysis showed that mRS score ≥3 (HR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.26–3.14), decreased CBV (HR, 5.31; 95% CI, 2.32–12.13), and concentric enhancement of the arterial wall (HR, 4.16; 95% CI, 1.55–11.15) were significantly associated with stroke. Data Conclusion: Decreased CBV, mRS score ≥ 3, and concentric enhancement of the arterial wall were significantly associated with increased incidence of stroke in conservatively treated MMD. Evidence Level: 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 4 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, with the globalization of the food trade progressing, food safety continues to warrant widespread attention. Foodborne diseases caused by contaminated food, including foodborne pathogens, seriously threaten public health and the economy. This has led to the development of more sensitive and accurate methods for detecting pathogenic bacteria. Many signal amplification techniques have been used to improve the sensitivity of foodborne pathogen detection. Among them, hybridization chain reaction (HCR), an isothermal nucleic acid hybridization signal amplification technique, has received increasing attention due to its enzyme-free and isothermal characteristics, and pathogenic bacteria detection methods using HCR for signal amplification have experienced rapid development in the last five years. In this review, we first describe the development of detection technologies for food contaminants represented by pathogens and introduce the fundamental principles, classifications, and characteristics of HCR. Furthermore, we highlight the application of various biosensors based on HCR nucleic acid amplification technology in detecting foodborne pathogens. Lastly, we summarize and offer insights into the prospects of HCR technology and its application in pathogen detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of new technologies for rapid and high-throughput bacterial detection, ATP-based bioluminescence technology is making progress. Because live bacteria contain ATP, the number of bacteria is correlated with the level of ATP under certain conditions, so that the method of luciferase catalyzing the fluorescence reaction of luciferin with ATP is widely used for the detection of bacteria. This method is easy to operate, has a short detection cycle, does not require much human resources, and is suitable for long-term continuous monitoring. Currently, other methods are being explored in combination with bioluminescence for more accurate, portable and efficient detection. This paper introduces the principle, development and application of bacterial bioluminescence detection based on ATP and compares the combination of bioluminescence and other bacterial detection methods in recent years. In addition, this paper also examines the development prospects and direction of bioluminescence in bacterial detection, hoping to provide a new idea for the application of ATP-based bioluminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a method for prepasing high-performance magnetic absorbers based on magnetron sputtering coating technology was presented. A layer of soluble organic polymer thin film was pre-coated on the substrate, and then a magnetic thin film following an ultrathin SiO2 coaitng was sputtered and ultrasonically crushed in a solvent to obtain a flaky absorbents. The laky absorbents had a high magnetic permeability due to its large aspect ratio of about 80, and the insulative SiO2 layer on the magnetic film signiticanfly reduced the permittivity and improved the impedance match. When the absorbent volume fraction was only 10% and the thickness was 1.6 mm, the bandwidths of reflection loss (RL) < -5 dB and < -10 dB reached 7.8 GHz (4.2 GHz ~12 GHz) and 7GHz (10 GHz ~ 17 GHz) to achieve wide-band electromagnetic wave absorption. This shows that the proposed process could be used to prepare high magnetic permeability flaky absorbents and had great potential in preparation of lightweight and effiicient microwave absorbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]