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Rapeseed–rice rotation is a cropping system that improves the land-use rate. The present study conducted a field experiment with winter planting of rapeseed as treatment (WR) and winter fallow as control (CK) to investigate the effects of winter planting of rapeseed on growth, yield formation, and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP) biosynthesis of fragrant rice in the two subsequent cropping seasons. The results show that WR treatment improved alkali-hydro nitrogen and rapidly available phosphorus contents in soil. Compared with CK, WR treatment significantly increased grain yield and effective panicle number per plant by 21.16–27.26% and 7.33–21.24%, respectively. Higher net photosynthetic rate, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation of fragrant rice plants were recorded in WR treatment and CK. Furthermore, compared with CK, WR treatment significantly increased grain 2-AP content, which could be explained by increased content of pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid, methylglyoxal, 1-pyrroline, and enhanced activity of proline dehydrogenase. In addition, future studies should be conducted at a molecular level to reveal the regulation mechanism in 2-AP biosynthesis of fragrant rice under conditions of winter planting of rapeseed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The chilling stress induced by the global climate change harms rice production, especially at seedling and booting stage, which feed half the population of the world. Although there are key quantitative trait locus genes identified in the individual stage, few genes have been reported and functioned at both stages.Utilizing chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) and a combination of map‐based cloning and phenotypes of the mutants and overexpression lines, we identified the major gene Chilling‐tolerance in Geng/japonica rice 3 (COG3) of q chilling‐tolerance at the booting and seedling stage 11 (qCTBS11) conferred chilling tolerance at both seedling and booting stages.COG3 was significantly upregulated in Nipponbare under chilling treatment compared with its expression in 93‐11. The loss‐of‐function mutants cog3 showed a reduced chilling tolerance. On the contrary, overexpression enhanced chilling tolerance. Genome evolution and genetic analysis suggested that COG3 may have undergone strong selection in temperate japonica during domestication. COG3, a putative calmodulin‐binding protein, physically interacted with OsFtsH2 at chloroplast. In cog3‐1, OsFtsH2‐mediated D1 degradation was impaired under chilling treatment compared with wild‐type.Our results suggest that COG3 is necessary for maintaining OsFtsH2 protease activity to regulate chilling tolerance at the booting and seedling stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature prediction is important for controlling the environment in the preservation of fresh products. The phase change materials for cold storage make the heat transfer process complex, and the use of physical models for characterization and temperature prediction can be challenging. In order to predict the variation of the thermal environment in a temperature-controlled container with a cold energy storage system, we propose an LSTM model based on historical temperature data in which the trends of temperature variations of the fresh-keeping area, the phase change material (PCM), and the fresh products can be predicted immediately without considering the complex heat transfer process. An experimental platform of a temperature-controlled container with a cold energy storage system is built to obtain the experimental data for the prediction model's construction and validation. The prediction results based on the LSTM model are compared to the results of a physical model. In order to optimize the input data for better prediction performance, the proportion of input samples from the dataset is set to 80%, 50%, 20%, and 10%. The prediction results from different input groups are compared and analyzed. The results show that the LSTM model is able to accurately predict temperature variations of the fresh-keeping area and products, and the predicted values are in agreement with the actual values. The LSTM-based prediction model has a higher accuracy compared to the physical-based prediction model; the RMSE, MAE, and MAPE are 0.105, 0.103, and 0.010, respectively, and the relative error for the prediction of effective control hours of environmental temperature is 0.92%. It is suggested to use the initial 20% of the historical temperature data as the input to predict the future temperature variation for better prediction performance. The results of this paper offer valuable insights for accurate temperature prediction in the fresh-keeping environment with a cold energy storage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, electron transport in MgxZn1−xO/ZnO heterostructures at room temperature is simulated by the ensemble Monte Carlo (EMC) method. Electron scattering mechanisms including acoustic deformation potential, piezoelectric acoustic phonon, polar optical phonon (POP), interface roughness (IFR), dislocation, electron escape (ESC) and capture (CPR) by optical phonons, and random alloy are considered in EMC. The electron drift velocity in MgxZn1−xO/ZnO heterostructures is calculated for various Mg mole fractions x (0.1–0.3) at electric fields up to 25 kV/cm. We find that no obvious velocity saturation occurs in the range of the electric field considered. The results show that ESC scattering is one of the main physical mechanisms limiting the drift velocity. On the other hand, the competition between IFR and intersubband POP scattering is found to play an important role in the change in electron drift velocity with the increasing Mg mole fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mega-sporting events have long been perceived as an exciting way to gather people to attend the performance of top athletes and as a chance for stakeholders to benefit from various kinds of impacts. However, sport events are now facing increasing criticism. The goal of this study is to examine how organizing committees can benefit from the destination image to positively influence sport events' image and intention to recommend. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the literature the following variables have been measured: destination image, event image, event recommendation, tourist satisfaction. During the UEFA Euro 2016 held in France, 725 questionnaires were collected. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the construct validity, followed by a SEM to test the hypothesized relations. We found that destination image positively influences event image, and that event image positively influences event recommendation and tourist satisfaction. However, destination image did not have a significant influence on tourist satisfaction. This study points out the need for sport events' right holders to pay attention to image factors in selecting the host territory because the latter can influence the perception of the event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the electron mobility in the MgZnO/ZnO heterostructure at room temperature is theoretically studied by considering interface roughness (IFR), dislocation (DIS), and polar optical phonon (POP) scattering. Analytical formulae are introduced to calculate the critical thickness and dislocation density in the barrier layer of MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures. The calculated critical thickness for the MgZnO/ZnO heterostructure is much smaller than that for the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure system. At room temperatures, POP scattering is found to be the most important scattering mechanism. On the other hand, the change of electron mobility limited by IFR as a function of the barrier thickness in the MgZnO layer is found to be quite different to that limited by DIS. High-density (> 10 13 c m − 2 ) 2DEG can be obtained in the MgZnO/ZnO interface by increasing the thickness and Mg composition in the MgZnO layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrate salts (CSs), as one type of organic salts, have been widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Accurate and quantitative detection of CSs in food and medicine is very important for health and safety. In this study, an asymmetric double-opening ring metamaterial sensor is designed, fabricated, and used to detect citrate salts combined with THz spectroscopy. Factors that influence the sensitivity of the metamaterial sensor including the opening positions and the arrangement of the metal opening ring unit, the refraction index and the thickness of the analyte deposited on the metamaterial sensor were analyzed and discussed from electromagnetic simulations and THz spectroscopy measurements. Based on the high sensitivity of the metamaterial sensor to the refractive index of the analyte, six different citrate salt solutions with low concentrations were well identified. Therefore, THz spectroscopy combined with a metamaterials sensor can provide a new, rapid, and accurate detection of citrate salts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through theoretical modeling, we find that the dynamics of photogenerated carriers play a very important role in shaping the temporal waveform of terahertz (THz) radiation pulses emitted from biased low-temperature (LT)-grown GaAs antenna. Our modeling gives successful analyses for the sharp and short, slow and long negative parts of temporal THz waveforms. By including intraband, carrier relaxation effects in the modeled mobility, we find an obvious dependence of the THz conversion efficiency on the material of THz emitter and experimental parameters such as the optical duration, the center wavelength, and the fluence of the laser pulses. Our research also shows that electron-hole and electron-electron collisions in LT-GaAs contribute to the saturation phenomenon with an increase of laser fluence. OCIS codes: 320.7090, 140.3070, 260.2110, 300.6470.

Using Shanghai Tennis Masters as an example, this study seeks to explore the psychic income associated with major sports events hosting and whether the psychic income would predict the attitudes of local residents toward events hosting. In addition, the moderating effect of sport involvement on the relationship between psychic income and attitude is also tested. In this study, a questionnaire survey is adopted. The structured questionnaire was developed based on 4 parts, including the demographics of the residents, involvement in the sport event, psychic income from the sport event, and their attitudes toward the sports event, there were 47 items in total. Data were collected from the local residents of Shanghai (including 16 districts or counties), as a result, 1,302 valid questionnaires were collected. A series of statistical analyses were conducted by using SPSS25.0 and AMOS 24.0 to examine the reliability and validity of the scales and to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the event has brought a significant level of psychic income to the local community, and the perceived psychic income would predict the attitudes of the residents toward the event hosting. The moderating effect of sports involvement on the relationship between psychic income and attitude is also confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How is the international discourse of the Chinese Super League (CSL) framed in social media and which actors are driving current developments? Utilizing Social Media Analytics (SMA), we track the international discourse of the CSL and its associated actors throughout the social media landscape. Our findings reveal that the CSL is framed primarily by professional actors offering match information and results as well as betting and streaming services. Yet, fan engagement vis-à-vis CSL clubs, players and matches is limited in its extent. Thus, our results indicate that the international fan base of the CSL remains largely underdeveloped. Altogether, we contribute to extant literature in sports management by illustrating how an emerging methodological approach can be utilised, assessing a critical aspect of China's ambitions with regards to football, and the associated challenges that emerging leagues face in terms of attracting international fans despite considerable investment in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Bud dormancy is a critical developmental process that allows perennial plants to survive unfavorable environmental conditions. Pear is one of the most important deciduous fruit trees in the world, but the mechanisms regulating bud dormancy in this species are unknown. Because genomic information for pear is currently unavailable, transcriptome and digital gene expression data for this species would be valuable resources to better understand the molecular and biological mechanisms regulating its bud dormancy. Results We performed de novo transcriptome assembly and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling analyses of ‘Suli’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia white pear group) using the Illumina RNA-seq system. RNA-Seq generated approximately 100 M high-quality reads that were assembled into 69,393 unigenes (mean length = 853 bp), including 14,531 clusters and 34,194 singletons. A total of 51,448 (74.1%) unigenes were annotated using public protein databases with a cut-off E-value above 10-5. We mainly compared gene expression levels at four time-points during bud dormancy. Between Nov. 15 and Dec. 15, Dec. 15 and Jan. 15, and Jan. 15 and Feb. 15, 1,978, 1,024, and 3,468 genes were differentially expressed, respectively. Hierarchical clustering analysis arranged 190 significantly differentially-expressed genes into seven groups. Seven genes were randomly selected to confirm their expression levels using quantitative real-time PCR. Conclusions The new transcriptomes offer comprehensive sequence and DGE profiling data for a dynamic view of transcriptomic variation during bud dormancy in pear. These data provided a basis for future studies of metabolism during bud dormancy in non-model but economically-important perennial species.

This study investigates Chinese perceptions of Rio's destination image before and after the 2016 Olympics. Samples of 573 and 564 residents from Shanghai were surveyed before and after the event. The Olympics raised awareness of Rio and as an Olympic host city. Post-games perceptions of affective image and tourist attractions were higher for people aware that Rio had hosted the Olympics. However, pre-games perceptions of tourism infrastructure and service in Rio were lower for participants aware that Rio would host the Olympics, and that the post-games perceptions of tourism infrastructure and service were lower than pre-games perceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]