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With the rising popularity of the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS), there is an increasing demand for more human-like car-following performance. In this paper, we consider the role of heterogeneity in car-following behavior within car-following modeling. We incorporate car-following heterogeneity factors into the model features. We employ the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) method to build the car-following model. The results show that our model achieves optimal performance with a mean squared error of 0.002181, surpassing the model that disregards heterogeneity factors. Furthermore, utilizing model importance analysis, we determined that the cumulative importance score of heterogeneity factors in the model is 0.7262. The results demonstrate the significant impact of heterogeneity factors on car-following behavior prediction and highlight the importance of incorporating heterogeneity factors into car-following models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electricity is an essential resource that plays a vital role in modern society, and its demand has increased rapidly alongside industrialization. The accurate forecasting of a country's electricity demand is crucial for economic development. A high-precision electricity forecasting framework can assist electricity system managers in predicting future demand and production more accurately, thereby effectively planning and scheduling electricity resources and improving the operational efficiency and reliability of the electricity system. To address this issue, this study proposed a hybrid forecasting framework called T-LGBKS, which incorporates TPE-LightGBM, k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) methods. The T-LGBKS framework was tested using Chinese provincial panel data from 2005 to 2021 and compared with seven other mainstream machine learning models. Our testing demonstrated that the proposed framework outperforms other models, with the highest accuracy ( R 2 = 0.9732 ). This study also analyzed the interpretability of this framework by introducing the SHAP method to reveal the relationship between municipal electricity consumption and socioeconomic characteristics (such as how changes in economic strength, traffic levels, and energy structure affect urban electricity demand). The findings of this study provide guidance for policymakers and assist decision makers in designing and implementing electricity management systems in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]