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We conducted on a questionnaire survey for the current college students’ civic awareness from four aspects of equality consciousness, national consciousness, freedom consciousness and public consciousness. Survey data was analyzed with the SAS® statistical software, the results shown that some of our country’s College Students with a strong national consciousness, and their patriotic feeling is deep at present. They identity the consciousness of equality, but their awareness of fighting for rights is not strong. They have a sense of freedom, but some students are not clear about the relationship between freedom and law. Their enthusiasm to participate in public affairs is not high. Their awareness of social morality is not comprehensive. The reason is that the influence of traditional culture and the political development can’t keep up with the development of economy and the systematic citizenship education is lacked. Finally, we put forward a method of improve the civic awareness of Contemporary College Students in this paper.

Focused on energy efficiency issues under tracking targets within WSN,a new dynamic power management（DPM） method for tracking distributed targets was proposed combining with the network energy consumption model and wake-up mechanism.With precedent location information of maneuvering target,the algorithm involved both cancelling noise by wavelet filter and predicting target state by autoregressive transformation is introduced to awaken wireless sensor nodes so that their sleep time is prolonged and energy consumption is reduced.According to the current location of maneuvering target,related nodes in an appointed cluster of WSN constitute a distributed dynamic tracking unit,and the cluster head is responsible for collecting the measurement information from the nodes in the tracking unit.A locating algorithm based on the relative posi-tion of two circulars formed on the bases of measurement information is adopted to simplify the process of locatiny and tracking target.Simulation results show that the DPM-based method can reduce the nodes’ energy consumption,meet the locating and tracking accuracy,and can be applied to locate and track the maneuvering targets on the earth surface.

The space hurricane is a large‐scale three‐dimensional magnetic vortex structure that can cause massive local energy injections in the polar cap. By analyzing Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F16–F19 satellite observations from 2005 to 2016, we found that the Southern Hemisphere space hurricane mainly occurs in summer under negative By dominated northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. In particular, the space hurricanes are more likely to occur in the dayside polar cap at magnetic latitude greater than 80°. The characteristics for the Southern Hemisphere are basically consistent with the characteristics of space hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere. The different dependences of By component in different hemispheres supports the high‐latitude lobe reconnection as the formation mechanism. Plasma data from DMSP satellites in both hemispheres show that the appearance of the space hurricane greatly enhances the convection in the polar cap and the electron density on its dawn side. Within the space hurricane, electron temperatures typically increase significantly, accompanied by strong upward field‐aligned currents and electron precipitation. These results give us a better understanding of the solar wind‐magnetosphere‐polar ionosphere coupling process under northward IMF conditions. Plain Language Summary: The space hurricane is defined as a large three‐dimensional magnetic vortex structure that spans the polar ionosphere and magnetosphere. Previous research has pointed out that it often appears as an aurora spot near the north magnetic pole, which can greatly enhance the convection patterns and current systems in the polar ionosphere. To clarify its occurrence rate and characteristics in the Southern Hemisphere, we identified the 259 space hurricane events from the long‐term DMSP satellite observations in the Southern Hemisphere. The statistical results indicated that the Southern Hemisphere space hurricanes mainly occur in summer and dayside polar cap under negative By dominated and northward IMF conditions. In addition, we found that the electron temperatures within the space hurricane increased significantly and accompanied by strong upward field‐aligned field currents and electron precipitation. The appearance of the space hurricane greatly enhances the plasma velocity and the electron density on its dawn side. The characteristics in the Southern Hemisphere are basically consistent with the characteristics of space hurricanes in the Northern Hemisphere, and support high‐latitude lobe reconnection as the formation mechanism. This work helps us understand the spatial and temporal characteristics of the space hurricane and their impact on plasma parameters. Key Points: Space hurricanes in the Southern Hemisphere mainly occur in summer and afternoon sector with negative By dominated northward IMFPlasma data from DMSP satellites indicate that the space hurricane has enhanced Te, horizontal convection and Ne on its dawn sideStatistical properties of space hurricanes in the Southern Hemisphere are consistent with high‐latitude lobe reconnection [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneous observations from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, Swarm, Resolute Bay all‐sky imagers, GPS Total Electron Content and Super Dual Auroral Radar Network, are used to investigate the evolution and key characteristics of the Tongue of Ionization (TOI) being restructured into a polar cap patch. Six satellites crossed the TOI of patch as it moved from the dayside to the nightside. It was initially hot, then a mix of both cold and hot, and finally it became a cold patch. This suggests that cold patch is not only a result of solar extreme ultraviolet radiation, but may also develop when a hot patch cools down. Soft‐electron precipitation and flow shears both contribute to the TOI restructuring and the appearance of polar cap patch. The plasma density of patch at ∼500 km was at least 4 times higher than at ∼800 km. The plasma density enhancement gradually decreased as the patch evolved due to decreased production and transport of cold nightside low‐density plasma. Moreover, the duskward motion of the patch was influenced by changes in the ionospheric convection pattern. Plain Language Summary: The appearance of high‐density plasma is a common phenomenon in the polar ionosphere. High‐density polar cap patches usually form near the dayside sunlit region, and then move from the dayside to the nightside with the ionospheric flow. In the paper, we use multiple instruments including six satellites and ground‐based observations to carefully investigate an event that started out on the dayside. It was initially a hot tongue of ionization (TOI) of high density and high electron temperature, followed by a mix of hot and cold (high vs. low electron temperature), before it finally became a cold patch. Soft‐electron precipitation and flow shears both influenced the dayside high‐density TOI plasma restructuring and the appearance of polar cap patch. The enhanced plasma density gradually weakened as the plasma migrated toward the nightside due to decreased production and transport of cold nightside low‐density plasma. Moreover, the duskward motion of the patch was influenced by changes in the ionospheric convection pattern. Key Points: Cold dense plasma in the polar cap can appear either via transport of solar extreme ultraviolet plasma or after a hot patch cools downSoft‐electron precipitation and flow shears both influence the Tongue of Ionization restructuring and the appearance of polar cap patchesThe enhanced plasma density is reduced due to decreased production and transport of cold nightside low‐density plasma [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a spinal deformity with unknown etiology and high incidence, especially in adolescent females. If scoliosis patients do not get effective treatment in the early stage, the degree of scoliosis will continue to worsen with the growth of age or the rapid development of scoliosis in a short time, and the appearance deformities such as high and low shoulders and razor back will gradually appear, which can affect the cardiopulmonary function and even shorten life expectancy. It has a great impact on the physical and mental health of the patients. Mild scoliosis is often well controlled by bracing, and moderate to severe scoliosis deformity often requires scoliosis corrective surgery. In adolescent idiopathic scoliosis correction, pedicle screws offer better stability and firmness, stronger orthopedic force, and lower incidence of related complications caused by instruments than traditional hook and conical internal fixation instruments. At the same time, scoliosis patients have uneven development of the left and right sides of the vertebral body, narrow diameter of concave pedicle and varying degrees of rotation of parietal vertebra, resulting in changes in the position of important anatomical structures such as spinal cord and thoracic aorta in the spinal canal. It makes it difficult to place pedicle screws, resulting in a high misplacement rate. How to improve the safety of screw placement, reduce the misplacement rate and the risk of spinal cord, nerve root, blood vessels, viscera and so on, has always been the focus of spinal surgeons. This paper summarizes the related literature on the effects of new techniques such as pedicle anatomy, complications of nail placement and computer navigation, and 3D guided template on the accuracy of screw placement in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients, and the safety of nail placement. In order to provide reference for clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the correlation between the amplitude changes of motor evoked potential (MEP), the 3D volume changes of spinal canal measuring by postoperative CT and the improvement rate of clinical symptoms after the spinal canal decompression in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF), and to explore the predictive value of the changes of both MEP amplitude and spinal canal volume in the assessment of long-term clinical prognosis in MIS-TLIF. Methods: A retrospective study of 68 patients with L4/5 spinal stenosis treated with MIS-TLIF was performed. The changes of both intraoperative MEP amplitude and 3D spinal canal volume during the spinal canal decompression, as well as the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) scores in the long-term follow-up were all recorded. Results: The values of intraoperative MEP amplitude was 159.04% higher in 68 patients with MIS-TLIF after spinal canal decompression (P < 0.01) . The postoperative 3D spinal canal volume (4.89 ± 1.27) cm3 increased by 31.22% in comparison with preoperative date (3.78±1.08) cm³ (P < 0.01) . The VAS and ODI scores were improved to 78.55% and 80.60%, respectively at the last follow-up (P < 0.01) . The improvement rate of MEP amplitude on the decompression side was positively correlated with the improvement rate of postoperative spinal canal volume (r = 0.272, P = 0.025) . The improvement rate of postoperative spinal canal volume was positively correlated with the improvement rate of VAS and ODI at the last follow-up ( r = 0.656, r = 0.490, P < 0.01) . Moreover, the improvement rate of MEP amplitude on the decompression side was also positively correlated with the improvement rate of VAS and ODI at the last follow-up (r = 0.322 and 0.235, respectively, P < 0.05) . Conclusion: The increase of MEP amplitude after spinal canal decompression in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis treated by MIS-TLIF was closely correlated with both of the increase of spinal canal volume and the improvement of clinical symptoms. Therefore, MEP amplitude monitoring was not only the one of the important monitoring methods for predicting the prognosis of MIS-TLIF but also the reliably predictive value in the long-term clinical prognosis in MIS-TLIF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection is a worldwide health problem. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated interferon (PEG-IFN) is an available therapy for CHB that has antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. However, PEG-IFN therapy is limited by the fact that only a subset of patients show a sustained response, its severe side effects, and high cost. The aim of this study was to explore novel biomarkers for the early prediction of PEG-IFN treatment response and to uncover its underlying mechanism. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 10 paired patients with Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB who received PEG-IFN-α 2a monotherapy. Patient serum samples were collected at 0, 4, 12, 24, and 48 weeks and serum samples were collected from eight healthy people as healthy controls. For confirmation, we enrolled 27 patients with HBeAg-positive CHB receiving PEG-IFN therapy and serum samples at 0 and 12 weeks were obtained. Serum samples were analyzed using Luminex technology. Results: Among 27 assessed cytokines, 10 cytokines were identified to have high expression levels. Among them, six cytokines had significant differences in their levels between the patients with HBeAg-positive CHB and the healthy controls (P < 0.05). Potentially, treatment response could be predicted using the early time points of 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Moreover, after 12 weeks of PEG-IFN treatment, increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines were observed. The fold change of IP-10 between 12 weeks and 0 weeks correlated with the decrease in ALT levels from 0 to 12 weeks (r = 0.2675, P = 0.0024). Conclusion: In patients with CHB, we observed a certain pattern in the levels of cytokines during treatment with PEG-IFN, and the cytokine IP-10 might be a potential biomarker for treatment response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the position and the grade of screw perforation in the apical region of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery using a calibration technique for the intraoperative navigation error, and to analyze the related factors of navigation deviation and the clinical significance of the calibration technique. Methods: From 2017 to 2020, a total of 60 Lenke 1 AIS surgical cases were enrolled in this research. The 30 cases received surgery using the intraoperative navigation system (Navigation group) and another 30 cases were assisted with intraoperative navigation system with calibration technique (Calibration group) for the intraoperative navigation error. The basic information and radiological data of the both groups were all recorded. According to the Fu Chang-feng's pedicle channel classification system, the pedicle on the apical region of the two groups was classified. And then the accuracy of screw placement of the two groups was evaluated according to the Rao's classification. Results: A total of 600 screws were placed in the two groups. The 297 and 303 pedicle screws were implanted in the navigation group and the calibration group, respectively. In the apical region of the calibration group, the rates of the grade 0 screw placement in type A, B and C pedicle were 95.7%, 86.7% and 68.9% respectively. It was a statistically significant difference from the 73.9%, 66.9% and 30.0% in the navigation group respectively (P<0.05). In the calibration group, the rates of the medial cortical perforation in the type A, B, C and D pedicle were 0%, 1.6%, 1.6% and 0%, respectively. The corresponding rates were 16.3%, 16.9%, 30.0% and 47.6% in the navigation group, respectively. Moreover, in the concave side of the apical region of the calibration group, the rates of the medial cortical perforation in the type A, B, C and D pedicle were 0%, 3.6%, 2.6% and 0%, respectively. Compared with the calibration group, the corresponding rates were higher in the navigation group (34.4%, 25.9%, 37.2% and 60.0%, respectively). No serious complications such as spinal cord or neurovascular injury occurred for the two groups. Conclusion: Compared with the intraoperative navigation system, the calibration technique for the intraoperative navigation error could provide the higher accuracy of pedicle screw placement in the apical region of the major curve, the lower medial cortical perforation rate, the less screws misplacement rate on the concave side and the less complication rate of the severe Lenke 1 AIS patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combination therapy with pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) and nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) can enhance hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance. However, the specific treatment strategy and the patients who would benefit the most are unclear. Therefore, we assessed the HBsAg loss rate of add‐on PEG‐IFN and explored the factors associated with HBsAg loss in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. This was a real‐world cohort study of adults with CHB. Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‐negative NAs‐treated patients with baseline HBsAg ≤1500 IU/ml and HBV DNA < the lower limit of detection, or 100 IU/ml, received 48 weeks of add‐on PEG‐IFN. The primary outcome of the study was the rate of HBsAg loss at 48 weeks of combination treatment. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, we determined factors associated with HBsAg loss. HBsAg loss in 2579 patients (mean age: 41.2 years; 80.9% male) was 36.7% (947 patients) at 48 weeks. HBsAg loss was highest in patients from south‐central and southwestern China (40.0%). Factors independently associated with HBsAg loss included: increasing age (odds ratio = 0.961); being male (0.543); baseline HBsAg level (0.216); HBsAg decrease at 12 weeks (between 0.5 and 1.0 log10 IU/ml [2.405] and >1.0 log10 IU/ml [7.370]); alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increase at 12 weeks (1.365); haemoglobin (HGB) decrease at 12 weeks (1.558). There was no difference in the primary outcomes associated with the combination regimen. In conclusion, HBsAg loss by combination therapy was higher in patients from southern China than those from the north. An increased chance of HBsAg loss was associated with baseline characteristics and dynamic changes in clinical indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new dynamic predict method for solving the problem of a wearable body temperature measuring equipment’s poor dynamic response characteristics and a data fitting method of body temperature under experimental conditions are proposed in this paper. The method is based on the law of conservation of energy, Taylor expansion in respect of time and the idea of finite difference. The predictive equations of predict temperature with respect to predict coefficient and known time nodes’ temperature are established, the body temperature can be quickly obtained by measuring the first few minutes’ temperature. The predicted results are well verified by experimental data. And the possible influencing factors for prediction are analyzed, which include difference scheme, initial temperature, body temperature, time constant and temperature difference. This method allows the body temperature measurement equipment with lower price get higher performance, which greatly improved the practicability of temperature sensors that measurement process satisfy the first order inertia link. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]