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FeTe0.55Se0.45 (FTS) occupies a special spot in modern condensed matter physics at the intersections of electron correlation, topology, and unconventional superconductivity. The bulk electronic structure of FTS is predicted to be topologically nontrivial due to the band inversion between the dxz and pz bands along Γ-Z. However, there remain debates in both the authenticity of the Dirac surface states (DSSs) and the experimental deviations of band structure from the theoretical band inversion picture. Here we resolve these debates through a comprehensive angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy investigation. We first observe a persistent DSS independent of kz. Then, by comparing FTS with FeSe, which has no band inversion along Γ-Z, we identify the spectral weight fingerprint of both the presence of the pz band and the inversion between the dxz and pz bands. Furthermore, we propose a renormalization scheme for the band structure under the framework of a tight-binding model preserving crystal symmetry. Our results highlight the significant influence of correlation on modifying the band structure and make a strong case for the existence of topological band structure in this unconventional superconductor.

Silicon-on-insulator devices are widely utilized in high-performance and high-reliability fields, facing challenges from self-heating effects (SHEs). However, research on the heat dissipation path closely related to SHEs remains incomplete. This paper initiates an in-depth analysis of thermal effects involving the fine structures within the heat dissipation path, using ultrafast pulse I–V measurements combined with thermal simulations. It is found in practical processes that the SHEs of scaled-down devices decreased by 40% rather than increased. Research shows the improvement is attributed to the reduction in the thickness of the buried oxide layer between different generations of processes, and the decrease in thermal sensitivity. Based on the two-stage SHE mechanism, the study clarifies for the first time that the box layer mainly affects first-stage heat dissipation, and the main timescale of impact is about the first 100 ns. In addition, the heat dissipation contact capability can effectively affect the temperature rise of first-stage SHEs. For the first time, we reveal that the TiN barrier layer with low thermal conductivity is the key factor limiting heat dissipation through contact. This study represents the crucial step toward a comprehensive investigation of SHEs, offering substantial support for device modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interval-valued fuzzy logical connectives are extensions of fuzzy logical connectives to the interval-valued framework. The extensions require linear orders to define the monotonicity between intervals. As a significant linear order, the admissible order is introduced to compare any interval in interval-valued fuzzy logic. In this work, we examine several widely-used interval-valued fuzzy logical connectives with respect to admissible orders. We are concerned with interval- valued fuzzy negations, automorphisms, fuzzy implications and aggregation functions with respect to Kα,β orders and arbitrary intervals on L([0, 1]). We also make a discussion of width-preserving interval-valued fuzzy equivalence functions and dissimilarity functions with respect to arbitrary admissible orders and the intervals with the same width on L([0, 1]). Then we bring some approaches to constructing the proposed interval-valued fuzzy logical connectives with respect to admissible orders. The introduced interval-valued fuzzy logical connectives with respect to admissible orders may have a deep impact on some fields exploiting fuzzy methods dealing with intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of dolostones from the Lei 4 Member (T2l4) of the Middle Triassic Leikoupo Formation in the Western Sichuan Depression is unclear. The occurrence and genetic evolution of dolostones in T2l4 were analysed by polarised thin-sections and cathodoluminescence, major- and trace-element, scanning electron microscope, and carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope analyses. The study results are summarised as follows. (1) The dolostones were mainly precipitated in three stages of <40 °C, 40–60 °C and 60–80 °C, corresponding with three paleodepth ranges of 167–300 m, 433–1000 m and 1067–1433 m. The micritic dolostones and the fabric-retentive dolostones (algal dolostone, granular dolostone) mainly formed in a near-surface–shallow-burial environment, and the crystalline dolostones were mainly formed under intermediate burial conditions. (2) 87Sr/86Sr ratios are equivalent to that of the Middle Triassic seawater, Sr/Ba and V/Ni ratios >1, Na notably higher than that in coexisting limestones of T2l4, and the dolostones always coexist with evaporative minerals such as gypsum, indicating that dolomitisation fluids mainly originated from evaporative concentrated seawater. (3) The dolostones mainly inherit materials from precursor limestones based on trace-element distribution patterns, and carbon and oxygen isotope values that are consistent with coexisting limestones of T2l4. (4) Mediated by micro-organisms during the syngenetic period, micritic dolostones and some algal dolostones were formed by replacing aragonites and calcites. During shallow burial, concentrated seawater rich in Mg2+ from the supratidal–intertidal zone flowed downward owing to gravity along the platform and replaced the underlying carbonate rocks, promoting continuous growth of the early dolomites. In the intermediate burial period, the Mg2+-depleted dolomitisation fluid caused the early micritic and silt-crystalline dolostones to recrystallise into silt- or fine-crystalline dolostones with larger crystals and altered the fabric-retentive dolostones into crystalline dolostones. (5) The evaporative dolostones deposited in the near-surface environment are characterised by maximal enrichment of Fe, Sr and Na, the highest δ18O values, the lowest order degree and the highest Ca/Mg ratios. The reflux dolostones formed in a shallow-burial environment characterised by the lowest Fe, medium δ18O values and the lowest order degree. The burial dolostones that developed in the intermediate burial environment are characterised by relative enrichment of Fe and Mn, minimal Na, the lowest δ18O values, the highest order degree and medium Ca/Mg ratios. The fabric-retentive dolostones mainly formed in a near-surface–shallow-burial environment, and the crystalline dolostones mainly formed under intermediate burial conditions. Dolomitisation fluids mainly originated from the evaporative concentrated seawater, and the dolostones inherit materials from the precursor limestones. Micritic dolostones were formed by evaporative dolomitisation; algal dolostone and granular dolostone were formed by evaporative dolomitisation and reflux dolomitisation; and silt-crystalline dolostone were formed by reflux dolomitisation and burial dolomitisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the morbidity and comorbidity of glucolipid metabolic multiple noncommunicable diseases in a Chinese natural population and associated risk factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey with randomized sampling was conducted on a typical sample of 4,002 residents (aged 26-76 years) in the Pinggu District of Beijing. They were subjected to a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory examination to collect data. Multivariable analysis was used to establish the association between various risk factors and multiple noncommunicable diseases. RESULTS: The overall prevalence rate of chronic glucolipid metabolic noncommunicable diseases was 84.28%. The most common type of noncommunicable diseases was dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The prevalence rate of multiple noncommunicable diseases was 79.60%. Participants with dyslipidemia were at higher risk for underlying chronic diseases. Younger men and women after menopause were more likely to have multiple noncommunicable diseases compared to their older and younger counterparts, respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression indicated that age above 50, male sex, high household income, low education level, and harmful alcohol consumption were independent risk factors for multiple noncommunicable diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of chronic glucolipid metabolic noncommunicable diseases in Pinggu was higher than at the national level. Men with multiple noncommunicable diseases were younger, while women after menopause were more likely to suffer from multiple noncommunicable diseases and the prevalence rate was higher than in men. Intervention programs that aim to target risk factors by sex and region-specific are urgently needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of the Gallium Anomaly, from the BEST, GALLEX, and SAGE radioactive source experiments, is quantified using different theoretical calculations of the neutrino detection cross section, and its explanation due to neutrino oscillations is compared with the bounds from the analyses of reactor rate and spectral ratio data, β-decay data, and solar neutrino data. In the 3+1 active-sterile neutrino mixing scheme, the Gallium Anomaly is in strong tension with the individual and combined bounds of these data sets. In the combined scenario with all available data, the parameter goodness of fit is below 0.042%, corresponding to a severe tension of 4–5σ, or stronger. Therefore, we conclude that one should pursue other possible solutions beyond short-baseline oscillations for the Gallium Anomaly. We also present a new global fit of νe and ν ¯ e disappearance data, showing that there is a 2.6–3.3σ preference in favor of short-baseline oscillations, which is driven by an updated analysis of reactor spectral ratio data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]