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In order to address the issues of emergency decision-making and optimization (EDMO) of fire accidents in colleges, this paper proposes the EDMO way to take into account the synergies among divergent divisions replacements and the psychology of decision makers (DMs) on the basis of the best-worst method (BWM) and VIKOR within an interval 2-tuple linguistic (ITL) surroundings and cumulative prospect theory (CPT). First, DMs use the ITL to evaluate the degree of synergy among replacements from divergent divisions, the language information can be processed accurately and the information loss can be avoided. Then, the multi-alternative amalgamations consisted of divergent divisions replacements are built. On the grounds of the DMs' value assignment, the collaborative decision matrix of multi-alternative amalgamations can be gained. And the optimal weight of the evaluation standards can be computed based on the ITL-BWM method. The CPT is extended into VIKOR to think about the effect of the DMs' psychological behavior on the decision result. Furthermore, the positive and negative utility matrices can be computed through the value function of CPT. On the grounds of the positive and negative utility matrices, the distance from the utility value of multi-alternative amalgamations to the desired right solution of positive and negative utility can be obtained, and the cumulative foreground value function is used to replace the distance among each replacement to the positive and negative right desired solutions, it can avoid ignoring the effect of the correlations among different attributes on the outcome. Furthermore, the model is applied to the example and an analysis of the sensitivity of the factors of the decision-making mechanism coefficient and the weights of synergistic indicators is carried out to prove the validity and stability of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disinfectant resistance is evolving into a serious problem due to the long-term and extensive use of disinfectants, which brings great challenges to hospital infection control. As a notorious multidrug-resistant bacterium, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is one of the most common and difficult pathogens of nosocomial infection. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests of seven kinds of disinfectants (0.1% benzalkonium bromide, 4% aqueous chlorhexidine, 75% alcohol, entoiodine II, 2% glutaraldehyde, 2000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectants, and 3% hydrogen peroxide) were detected by the broth dilution method. Three efflux pump genes (oqxA, oqxB, and qacE∆1-sul1) were detected by PCR. The mean MIC value of aqueous chlorhexidine from the intensive care unit (ICU) (0.0034%) was significantly higher than that from non-ICUs (0.0019%) (p < 0.05). The positive rates of three efflux pump genes oqxA, oqxB and qacE∆1-sul1 were 60.9% (39/64), 17.2% (11/64) and 71.9% (46/64) in the detected CRKP isolates, respectively. This study discovered that CRKP strains demonstrated extensive resistance to clinical disinfectants and suggest that it is necessary to perform corresponding increases in the concentration of aqueous chlorhexidine and chlorine-containing disinfectants on the basis of current standards in the healthcare industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since conventional graphite-based anode possesses a low capacity, seeking for high-capacity anode candidates becomes significant for constructing emerging Li-ion batteries. Herein, we present a composite anode prepared using a hydrothermal method, which consists of dense NiO nanoflakes in situ growing on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. The rGO sheets within the NiO/rGO composite provide a conductive frame that enables rapid charge transfer, while the in situ anchoring of NiO nanoflakes on rGO reduces the agglomeration. We found that the appropriate loading of NiO in the composite is also significant. The NiO/rGO composite anode exhibits a high capacity of 1068 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. In addition, the capacity remains 870 mAh g−1 when the current density is increased to a high rate of 2 A g−1, indicating a good rate performance for potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ag/ZnO microrods were synthesized by a simple and convenient microwave route using zinc acetate, silver nitrate and methenamine as raw materials. Phase structure, morphology, elementary composition, optical property of the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-3600 spectrophotometer, respectively. Photocatalytic performance of Ag/ZnO was evaluated by studying the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous solution under UV-Visible light irradiation. The results show that well crystallized dumbbell shaped Ag/ZnO microrods were achieved under microwave radiation power of 240 W for 15 min. Ag/ZnO photocatalysts exhibited an enhanced photocatalytic performance as compared to monolithic ZnO. The Ag/ZnO photocatalyst with 3.0 mol% silver exhibited obviously the best photocatalytic activity among the Ag doped samples under degradation condition. 100.0% of MB was degraded after 60 min of UV-Visible light irradiation in presence of 30 mg 3.0 mol% Ag/ZnO. The apparent reaction rate constant (k, 0.0865 min−1) of 3.0 mol% Ag/ZnO is 4.1 times higher than that of monolithic ZnO (k, 0.02107 min−1). The formation mechanism of dumbbell shaped Ag/ZnO during the microwave reaction process was also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been considered severe risks to human health. Gas sensors for the sensitive detection of VOCs are highly required. However, the preparation of gas-sensing materials with a high gas diffusion performance remains a great challenge. Here, through a simple hydrothermal method accompanied with a subsequent thermal treatment, a special porous snowflake-shaped ZnO nanostructure was presented for sensitive detection of VOCs including diethyl ether, methylbenzene, and ethanol. The fabricated gas sensors exhibit a good sensing performance including high responses to VOCs and a short response/recovery time. The responses of the ZnO-based gas sensor to 100 ppm ethanol, methylbenzene, and diethyl ether are about 27, 21, and 11, respectively, while the response times to diethyl ether and methylbenzene are less than 10 seconds. The gas adsorption-desorption kinetics is also investigated, which shows that the gas-sensing behaviors to different target gases are remarkably different, making it possible for target recognition in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-dispersed carbon-doped ZnSn(OH)6 submicrocubes were successfully synthesized through a facile and economical hydrothermal method at 433K, which used green chemical glucose (C6H12O6) as the carbon-doping source. Photocatalytic activity of the as-synthesized C-doped ZnSn(OH)6 was evaluated by studying photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation(≥ 400 nm). The results show that carbon-doped ZnSn(OH)6 photocatalysts exhibited higher photocatalytic performance as compared to pure ZnSn(OH)6. 1.0 wt% C-doped ZnSn(OH)6 photocatalyst exhibited obviously higher photocatalytic activity that of pure ZnSn(OH)6 or other C-ZnSn(OH)6 catalysts under the same condition. The enhanced photocatalytic degradation of MB could be attributed to the doping of carbon and the possible mechanism for high photocatalytic activity of C-doped ZnSn(OH)6 was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel posphite (Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6) hexagonal polyhedrons are successfully synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The effect of surfactants on the growth mechanism of Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6 are also explored. More importantly, Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6 hexagonal polyhedrons are successfully applied as electrochemical supercapacitor electrode materials, which have a good specific capacitance (295 F g−1 at 0.625 A g−1), good rate capability, and cycling properties (maintained about 99.3% at 0.625 A g−1 after 1000 cycles). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel Phosphite Hexagonal Polyhedrons are firstly synthesized by Huan Pang, Jing Chen and co‐workers on page 287. The single microcrystal Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6 hexagonal polyhedron is successfully primarily applied as electrochemical supercapacitor electrode materials, which has a good specific capacitance, good rate capability and cycling property. It is a good example to prove that the precise control of morphology of nanomaterials will serve for controlling the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cell proliferation and turnover are fueled by stem cells. In a previous study, we demonstrated that rat eccrine sweat glands contained abundant bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-label-retaining cells (LRCs). However, morphological observations showed that eccrine sweat glands usually show little or no signs of homeostatic change. In this study, we account for why the homeostatic change is rare in eccrine sweat glands based on cytokinetic changes in BrdU-LRC turnover, and also determine the BrdU-labeled cell type. Thirty-six newborn SD rats, were injected intraperitoneally with 50 mg/kg BrdU twice daily at a 2 h interval for 4 consecutive days. After a chase period of 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 32 weeks, rats were euthanized, and the hind footpads were removed and processed for BrdU immunostaining, and BrdU/α-SMA and BrdU/K14 double-immunostaining. BrdU-LRCs were observed in the ducts, secretory coils and mesenchymal cells at all survival time points. The percentage of BrdU + cells in rat eccrine sweat glands averaged 4.2 ± 1.2% after 4 weeks of chase, increased slightly by the 6th week, averaging 4.4 ± 0.9%, and peaked at 8 weeks, averaging 5.3 ± 1.0%. Subsequently, the average percentage of BrdU + cells declined to 3.2 ± 0.8% by the 32nd week. There was no difference in the percentage of BrdU-LRCs among the different survival time points except that a significant difference in the percentage of BrdU-LRCs detected at 24 weeks versus 8 weeks, and 32 weeks versus 8 weeks, was observed. We concluded that the BrdU-LRCs turnover is slow in eccrine sweat glands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice grains poses a health risk for humans. In this study, a bacterium, Alishewanella sp. WH16-1-MT, was engineered to express metallothionein on the cell surface. Compared with the parental WH16-1 strain, Cd2+ adsorption efficiency of WH16-1-MT in medium was increased from 1.2 to 2.6 mg/kg dry weight. The WH16-1-MT strain was then incubated with rice in moderately Cd-contaminated paddy soil. Compared with WH16-1, inoculation with WH16-1-MT increased plant height, panicle length and thousand-kernel weight, and decreased the levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione and the activity of peroxidase. Compared with WH16-1, WH16-1-MT inoculation significantly reduced the concentrations of Cd in brown rice, husks, roots and shoots by 44.0 %, 45.5 %, 36.1 % and 47.2 %, respectively. Moreover, inoculation with WH16-1-MT reduced the bioavailability of Cd in soil, with the total Cd proportion in oxidizable and residual states increased from 29 % to 32 %. Microbiome analysis demonstrated that the addition of WH16-1-MT did not significantly alter the original bacterial abundance and community structure in soil. These results indicate that WH16-1-MT can be used as a novel microbial treatment approach to reduce Cd in rice grown in moderately Cd-contaminated paddy soil. • The engineered WH16-1-MT strain increased Cd removal efficiency from medium and soil. • WH16-1-MT improved plant height, panicle length and thousand-kernel weight. • WH16-1-MT decreased the activities of antioxidant enzyme under Cd stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) is a member of metalloenzyme that plays a key role in protecting organisms from oxidative damage. A novel extracellular Cu Zn superoxide dismutase RESOD was identified from Rimicaris exoculata , a dominant species that lives in close proximity to the deep-sea hydrothermal vents. It encoded a protein consisting of 227 amino acids with a signal peptide of 22 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that it had the characteristics of Cu Zn superoxide dismutase, and had low homology with the known SODs. Then the recombinant RESOD was expressed successfully, and high-purity RESOD was obtained. The recombinant RESOD exhibited maximal activity and stability with a temperature range of 0 °C to 10 °C. And the optimal pH for the activity and stability was about 10. However, RESOD was sensitive to some metal ions, particularly calcium. Furthermore, the biological function of RESOD was investigated in HeLa cells. It was found that RESOD could reduce the level of oxidation, and decrease the apoptosis resulted from excessive oxidant challenge. In conclusion, a novel alkali-tolerant cold-active extracellular Cu Zn SOD was characterized. The characteristics make RESOD a good candidate in a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High expression of Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) protein in transgenic Bt crops has dramatically improved the resistance of crops to some insect pests. However, some Bt crops were reported to have poorer adaptabilities to abiotic stress environments compared to their non- Bt counterparts. The biological reasons for poorer adaptabilities were still unclear. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate yield and physiological response of newly bred Bt rice lines with different Bt protein expression levels [MH63 ( Cry1C* ), MH63 ( Cry2A* ) and MH63 ( Cry1Ab/Ac )] and their non- Bt counterpart MH63 to drought stress. MH63 ( Cry1C* ), MH63 ( Cry2A* ) and MH63 ( Cry1Ab/Ac ) all showed lower grain yields and lower biomass under drought treatment compared to MH63. The lower grain yields and lower biomass of Bt -MH63 were mainly due to the earlier leaf senescence associated with disorder in protein metabolism under drought treatment. These variations in Bt -MH63 were found to be correlated to the BT/SP (ratio of Bt protein to soluble protein) in Bt -MH63 leaves. The impact of drought on traits of Bt -MH63 was aggravated with increase of the Bt protein expression level in the plant. These results suggested that Bt -MH63 had poorer adaptabilities to drought stress compared to their non- Bt counterpart MH63. “Bio-burden” caused by the high expression of Bt protein in the plant was proposed to be one possible reason for the poorer adaptability, and BT/SP was estimated to be an indicator for the assessment of the “bio-burden”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eccrine sweat glands are comprised of secretory coils and ducts, which are distinct in morphology and function. To better understand the roles of the two parts in development, homeostasis, wound repair and regeneration of eccrine sweat glands, we must distinguish between them. In this study, the localization of keratins and alpha-SMA in human eccrine sweat glands was examined by immunofluorescence staining. Based on the differential localization of keratins and alpha-SMA in different cell types, four pairs of antibodies (K5/K7, K5/alpha-SMA, K14/K7 and K14/alpha-SMA) were used to differentiate secretory coils from ducts by double-immunofluorescence staining. Immunofluorescence staining showed that myoepithelial cells of secretory coils expressed K5, K14 and alpha-SMA, whereas secretory cells of secretory coils expressed K7, K8, K15, K18 and K19. Ductal cells expressed K5, K8, K14 and K19. Double-staining showed that the secretory coils were K5 + /K7 + , K5 + /alpha-SMA + , K14 + /K7 + and K14 + /alpha-SMA + , whereas ducts were K5 + /K7 − , K5 + /alpha-SMA − , K14 + /K7 − and K14 + /alpha-SMA − . In conclusion, by combining use of keratins and alpha-SMA antibodies, secretory coils can be easily differentiated from ducts in morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The secretory portions of human eccrine sweat glands secrete isotonic fluid into the lumen and then the primary fluid is rendered hypotonic during its passage to the skin surface. During the processes of sweat secretion and absorption, many enzymes and proteins play important roles. In the study, the cellular localizations of Na + /H + exchanger 1 (NHE1), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), potassium channel (KC), epithelial sodium channel γ (γENaC) and vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) in human eccrine sweat glands and epidermis were detected using immunofluorescence labeling. The results revealed that in the secretory coils, the basolateral membranes showed evidence of CFTR, NHE1 and KC activities, the apical membranes showed the activities of KC and NHE1, and the nucleus showed γEaNC and V-ATPase activities; in the duct, the peripheral and luminal ductal cells showed evidence of CFTR, NHE1 and KC, the apical membranes showed the activities of CFTR and NHE1, and the nucleus showed γEaNC, V-ATPase and KC activities. The cellular localization of these proteins in eccrine sweat glands is helpful to better understand the mechanisms of sweat secretion and absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the function of the repaired or regenerated eccrine sweat glands, we must first localize the proteins involved in sweat secretion and absorption in normal human eccrine sweat glands. In our studies, the cellular localization of Na + –K + -ATPase α/β, Na + –K + –2Cl-cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and aquaporin-5 (AQP5) in eccrine sweat glands were detected by immunoperoxidase labeling. The results showed that Na + –K + -ATPase α was immunolocalized in the cell membrane of the basal layer and suprabasal layer cells of the epidermis, the basolateral membrane of the secretory coils, and the cell membrane of the outer cells and the basolateral membrane of the luminal cells of the ducts. The localization of Na + –K + -ATPase β in the secretory coils was the same as Na + –K + -ATPase α, but Na + –K + -ATPase β labeling was absent in the straight ducts and epidermis. NKCC1 labeling was seen only in the basolateral membrane of the secretory coils. AQP5 was strongly localized in the apical membrane and weakly localized in the cytoplasm of secretory epithelial cells. The different distribution of these proteins in eccrine sweat glands was related to their functions in sweat secretion and absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is well known for its biofilm formation ability and is responsible for serious, chronic refractory infections worldwide. We previously demonstrated that advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a hallmark of chronic hyperglycaemia in diabetic tissues, enhanced biofilm formation by promoting eDNA release via sigB upregulation in S. aureus , contributing to the high morbidity and mortality of patients presenting a diabetic foot ulcer infection. However, the exact regulatory network has not been completely described. Here, we used pull-down assay and LC-MS/MS to identify the GlmS as a candidate regulator of sigB in S. aureus stimulated by AGEs. Dual-luciferase assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) revealed that GlmS directly upregulated the transcriptional activity of sigB . We constructed NCTC 8325 ∆ glmS for further validation. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that AGEs promoted both glmS and sigB expression in the NCTC 8325 strain but had no effect on NCTC 8325 ∆ glmS . NCTC 8325 ∆ glmS showed a significant attenuation in biofilm formation and virulence factor expression, accompanied by a decrease in sigB expression, even under AGE stimulation. All of the changes, including pigment deficiency, decreased haemolysis ability, downregulation of hla and hld expression, and less and sparser biofilms, indicated that sigB and biofilm formation ability no longer responded to AGEs in NCTC 8325 ∆ glmS . Our data extend the understanding of GlmS in the global regulatory network of S. aureus and demonstrate a new mechanism by which AGEs can upregulate GlmS, which directly regulates sigB and plays a significant role in mediating biofilm formation and virulence factor expression.

Trichoblastoma（TB） is a rare germ cell skin adnexal tumor of the hair, and it is a rare follicular tumor of the skin that differentiates from the hair germ epithelium and is often regarded as a benign skin tumorHowever, it is poorly confined and has a local infiltrative growth pattern. tb occurs in the head and neck region, especially in the face, and presents clinically as a slow growing, well-defined and elevated nodule. TB is routinely treated surgically. Due to the lack of universally accepted treatment guidelines or protocols, the recurrence rate after surgery is high, which makes clinical cure more difficult. In this study, a 65-year-old female patient was found to have a swelling with recurrent rupture and pus flow from the right external auditory canal opening and the auricular cavity. After initial misdiagnosis as otitis externa, she was treated with conventional anti-infective therapy, but her symptoms did not resolve and gradually worsened before coming to our hospital. The condition presented in this case is relativelyrare,therepre,timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment are crucial for prognosis improvement of such diseases., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway that can generate cytosolic NADPH for biosynthesis and oxidative defense. Since cytosolic NADPH can be compensatively produced by other sources, the enzymatic activity deficiency alleles of G6PD are well tolerated in somatic cells but the effect of null mutations is unclear. Herein, we show that G6PD KO sensitizes cells to the stresses induced by hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, hypoxia, and the inhibition of the electron transport chain. This effect can be completely reversed by the expressions of natural mutants associated with G6PD deficiency, even without dehydrogenase activity, exactly like the WT G6PD. Furthermore, we demonstrate that G6PD can physically interact with AMPK (AMPK-activated protein kinase) to facilitate its activity and directly bind to NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) to promote its activity and maintain the NAD(P)H/NAD(P) + homeostasis. These functions are necessary to the antistress ability of cells but independent of the dehydrogenase activity of G6PD. In addition, the WT G6PD and naturally inactive mutant also can similarly regulate the metabolism of glucose, glutamine, fatty acid synthesis, and GSH and interact with the involved enzymes. Therefore, our findings reveal the previously unidentified functions of G6PD that can act as the important physiological neutralizer of stresses independently of its enzymatic activity., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To rapidly identify the two morphologies and chemical properties of similar herbal medicines, Blumea riparia and B. megacephala as the basis for chemical constituent analysis., Methods: UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS was utilized for profiling and identification of the constituents in B. riparia and B. megacephala . Chemical pattern recognition (CPR) was further used to compare and distinguish the two herbs and to identify their potential characteristic markers. Then, an HPLC method was established for quality evaluation., Results: A total of 93 constituents are identified, including 54 phenolic acids, 35 flavonoids, two saccharides, one phenolic acid glycoside, and one other constituent, of which 67 were identified in B. riparia and B. megacephala for the first time. CPR indicates that B. riparia and B. megacephala samples can be distinguished from each other based on the LC-MS data. The isochlorogenic acid A to cryptochlorogenic acid peak area ratio calculated from the HPLC chromatograms was proposed as a differentiation index for distinguishing and quality control of B. riparia and B. megacephala ., Conclusion: This study demonstrates significant differences between B. riparia and B. megacephala in terms of chemical composition. The results provide a rapid and simple strategy for the comparison and evaluation of the quality of B. riparia and B. megacephala ., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 Tianjin Press of Chinese Herbal Medicines. Published by ELSEVIER B.V.)

A Gram-stain-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated LX32 T , was isolated from arsenic and cadmium contaminated farmland soil. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LX32 T was closely related to Phenylobacterium hankyongense HKS-05 T (97.7 % sequence similarity), Phenylobacterium kunshanense CCTCC AB 2013085 T (97.4 %) and Phenylobacterium deserti CCTCC AB 2016297 T (97.1 %). The average nucleotide identity values of the whole genome sequences of LX32 T /P. hankyongense HKS-05 T , LX32 T /P. kunshanense CCTCC AB 2013085 T and LX32 T /P. deserti CCTCC AB 2016297 T were 79.8, 77.9 and 77.5 %, respectively. Its genome size was 4.02 Mb, comprising 3998 predicted genes with a DNA G+C content of 70.1 mol%. The major fatty acids were C15 : 0, C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (comprising C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c). The polar lipid profiles consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid, seven glycolipids and two unidentified polar lipids. The predominantly respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. Based on polyphasic analyses, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Phenylobacterium, for which the name Phenylobacterium soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LX32 T (=KCTC 62522=CCTCC AB 2018055).

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of dynamic-extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (D-EFAST) in patients with multiple trauma in intensive care unit (ICU)., Methods: A prospective clinical study was conducted. Eighty patients with multiple trauma admitted to ICU of Anhui Provincial Hospital from September 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2016 were enrolled. Extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (E-FAST) check was conducted at first, for those who had positive findings diagnosis was confirmed by immediately CT examination or surgical exploration. If it was negative, the patients received E-FAST every morning for 7 days (defined as D-EFAST), for those with positive findings, immediately CT or surgery was performed to clarify the diagnosis. The final clinical diagnosis was used as the "gold standard" to calculate the diagnostic accordance rate of EFAST and D-EFAST examination technique for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, spleen injury, kidney damage, liver damage, gastrointestinal injury, pericardial effusion, bladder rupture, and pancreatic injury, as well as their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy rate, and missed diagnosis rate, and the difference between EFAST and D-EFAST was compared., Results: There were 4 patients excluded because of death and abandoning treatment, and finally 76 patients were included in the study. The total sensitivity of E-FAST examination technique for pneumothorax, pleural effusion, spleen injury, liver damage, gastrointestinal injury, pericardial effusion, and bladder rupture was 75.9% (66/87), and the specificity was 98.3% (587/597), the positive predictive value was 86.8% (66/76), and the negative predictive value was 96.5% (587/608), the accuracy rate was 95.5% (653/684), and the rate of missed diagnosis was 24.1% (21/87). The most of the delayed injury in patients with multiple trauma occurred at 2-7 days after injury with incidence of 4.8% (33/684). The diagnostic sensitivity of D-EFAST for delayed injury was 98.3% (118/120), the specificity was 99.8% (563/564), the positive predictive value was 99.2% (118/119), the negative predictive value was 99.6% (563/565), the diagnostic accuracy rate was 99.6% (681/684), and rate of missed diagnosis was 1.7% (2/120). When the final clinical diagnosis was set as the "gold standard", D-EFAST technology for the detection rate was 98.3% (118/120) for patients with multiple trauma on organ injury while the detection rate of E-FAST was 75.9% (66/87), with statistical significant difference (P < 0.01), indicating that D-EFAST was better than E-FAST in check of multiple trauma patients with organ injury., Conclusions: Although the E-FAST technology can quickly diagnose the multiple trauma patients and win the rescue time for critical patients, multiple trauma patients injured after 2-7 days prone to delayed damage and are difficult to detect, and D-EFAST can be used to find delayed damage earlier, and reduce the misdiagnosis rate of multiple trauma patients.

Objective: To investigate the three-dimensional (3D) culture and morphology of human eccrine sweat gland cells., Methods: The human eccrine sweat gland cells were isolated from normal abdominal full thickness skin by digestion of type II collagenase, and cultured in defined-keratinocyte serum free medium supplemented with 5 ng/mL recombinant human epidermal growth factor, 25 mg/mL bovine pituitary extract, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 microg/mL streptomycin at 37 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere of 5%CO2/95% air incubator. When the cell fusion reached above 80%, the cells were harvested and the concentration was adjusted to 1 x 10(5) cells/mL. The mixture of 0.3 mL cell suspension and 0.3 mL Matrigel basement-membrane matrix was cultured in 12-well plate. The cell growth was observed under an inverted phase contrast microscope. At 14 days after culture, frozen sections were prepared and were stained with HE to observe the cells morphology, and immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect the antigen expressions of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and CK19., Results: Inverted phase contrast microscope observation showed that many free eccrine sweat gland tissues were seen after digestion of type II collagenase; eccrine sweat gland cells grew adhering to the wall at 3-5 days and continued division for 2-3 weeks to form single ring around the block sweat glands; cellular senescence were observed after 3-4 weeks. During the process of 3D culture, the single eccrine sweat gland cell divided into 2-4 cells after 2-3 days, and these cells subsequently formed small cell clusters, tubular-like structures and finally spheric-like shapes. After cultured for about 2 weeks, there was crack in part of the gelled mixture or liquefaction occurred. HE staining of frozen sections of the 3D cultures showed some of the tubular-like structures composed of 1-2 layers of epithelial cells, which were similar to the secretion part and the duct part of the eccrine sweat gland. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that CK7 and CK19 antigens expressed positively in the cells., Conclusion: Human eccrine sweat gland cells cultured in Matrigel can form the 3D structures which simulate the morphology of eccrine sweat glands in vivo.

Uniform NiS2 nanocubes are successfully synthesized with a microwave-assisted method. Interestingly, NiS2 nanocubes, nanospheres and nanoparticles are obtained by controlling microwave reaction time. NiS2 nanomaterials are primarily applied to supercapacitors and cocatalytic enhancing photocatalytic H2 production. Different morphologies of NiS2 nanostructures show different electrochemical and cocatalytic enhancing H2 production activities. Benefited novel nanostructures, NiS2 nanocube electrodes show a large specific capacitance (695 F g(-1) at 1.25 A g(-1)) and excellent cycling performance (the retention 93.4% of initial specific capacitance after 3000 cycles). More importantly, NiS2 nanospheres show highly cocatalytic enhancing photocatalytic for H2 evolution, in which the photocatalytic H2 production is up to 3400 μmol during 12 hours under irradiation of visible light (λ>420 nm) with an average H2 production rate of 283 μmol h(-1).