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Introdução: As Micobactérias de crescimento rápido (MCR) são definidas como aquelas com crescimento em meio sólido em até uma semana. São microrganismos ubíquos, oportunistas podendo causar acometimento pulmonar e extrapulmonar, este relacionado ou não à assistência em saúde (IRAS). Objetivo: Avaliar o manejo terapêutico, eventos adversos e o desfecho clínico de pacientes com MCR acompanhados em ambulatório de referência do Estado de São Paulo. Método: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectiva, sendo incluídos pacientes com diagnóstico de doença ativa por MCR com comprovação microbiológica segundo os critérios da American Thoracic Society e ANVISA/MS/Brasil no período de 2016 a 2023 atendidos em hospital de referência. Resultados: Dentre os 168 casos de Micobactéria não tuberculosis (MNT), 34 (20,2%) foram de MCR. Foram 32 casos novos e duas recidivas, com identificação do Complexo M abscessus (CMAB) em 20 (58,8%), da espécie M. fortuitum em 12 (35,2%) e de outras espécies em 2 (5,8%). Formas pulmonares ocorreram em 17 (50%) com maior prevalência de M. abscessus (76,4%). Dentre as extrapulmonares, 10 (58,8%) foram relacionadas à assistência à saúde. Quanto ao sítio da infecção, 7 (41,1%) foram de pele e partes moles. Em dois casos de CMAB, detectaram-se resistência ao macrolídeo. Os regimes terapêuticos antes de 2021 foram individualizados por agente; após este período, seguiram-se as diretrizes do MS, 32 (94,1%) utilizaram macrolídeo, 22 (64,7%) fluorquinolonas, 9 (26,4%) carbapenêmico, 5 (14,7%) tigeciclina, 8 (23,5%) clofazimina. Eventos adversos ocorreram em 44,1% dos casos, sendo os mais frequentemente observados intolerância gastrointestinal em 4 (11,7%), ototoxicidade 3 (8,8%), tendinopatia 2 (5,8%), nefrotoxicidade 2 (5,8%), cardiotoxicidade 2 (5,8%), hepatotoxicidade 1 (2,9%) e mielotoxicidade 1 (2,9%). O tempo médio de tratamento na fase intensiva foi 98,6 dias e na de manutenção foi 340 dias. Quanto ao desfecho, evoluíram 21 (61,7%) com cura, 1 (2,9%) com falência de tratamento, 2 (5,8%) para óbito e 9 (26,4%) com mudança de tratamento. Conclusão: Há um número significativo de eventos adversos relacionados ao tratamento de MCR, associados à toxicidade dos esquemas antimicrobianos utilizados por tempo prolongado, com frequente necessidade de mudança. O manejo da infecção por MCR é desafiador, necessitando da participação ativa do paciente no plano terapêutico e de equipe multidisciplinar para a abordagem e seguimento.

In this paper, we prove the structural stability for a family of scalar reaction-diffusion equations. Our arguments consist of using invariant manifold theorem to reduce the problem to a finite dimension and then, we use the structural stability of Morse–Smale flows in a finite dimension to obtain the corresponding result in infinite dimension. As a consequence, we obtain the optimal rate of convergence of the attractors and estimate the Gromov–Hausdorff distance of the attractors using continuous $\varepsilon$-isometries.

Objective: To evaluate functional results of subtalar arthroereisis with non-conventional implants, as well as their clinical, radiographic, and functional results, comparing them with those of the conventional technique. Methods: Documentary research consisting of the analysis and review of medical records of six patients, with application of the Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) and Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) questionnaires and evaluation of pre-and postoperative radiographic results. Results: Patients achieved satisfactory clinical and functional results, indicated by an improvement in the pitch, kite, Giannestras, and Meary angles analyzed and by comparing the pre-and postoperative periods. There was also an improvement in the AOFAS and SF-36 questionnaire scores postoperatively, suggesting an evolution in the quality of life of patients studied. Conclusion: Subtalar arthroereisis is a non-invasive surgical procedure that contributes to the clinical improvement of patients. The use of interference screw showed good results, with the advantage of it being a low-cost implant when compared to the conventional ones, which makes the procedure more accessible. Level of Evidence III; Therapeutic Studies; Case control study.

In this paper, we expand the theory of semi-vector spaces and semi-algebras, both over the semi-field of nonnegative real numbers R0+. More precisely, we prove several new results concerning these theories. We introduce to the literature the concept of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a semi-linear operator, describing how to compute them. The topological properties of semi-vector spaces, such as completeness and separability, are also investigated here. New families of semi-vector spaces derived from the semi-metric, semi-norm and semi-inner product, among others, are exhibited. Furthermore, we show several new results concerning semi-algebras. After this theoretical approach, we apply such a theory in fuzzy automata. More precisely, we describe the semi-algebra of A-fuzzy regular languages and we apply the theory of fuzzy automata for counting patterns in DNA sequences.

Phytophthora parasitica is an oomycete pathogen that infects a broad range of crops of worldwide economic interest; among them are citrus species. In general, some Citrus and the rootstocks of related genera offer considerable resistance against P. parasitica; therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in the virulence of this pathogen is crucial. In this work, P. parasitica secondary metabolite production was studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) combined with chemometric tools, and its metabolic profile was evaluated under the influence of Citrus sunki (a highly susceptible host) and Poncirus trifoliata (a resistant genotype) extracts. The root extracts of Citrus sunki had an influence on the growth and hyphae morphology, and the root extracts of P. trifoliata had an influence on the zoospore behavior. In parallel, the spatial distribution of several metabolites was revealed in P. parasitica colonies using MALDI-MSI, and the metabolite ion of m/z 246 was identified as the protonated molecule of Arg-Ala. The MALDI-MSI showed variations in the surface metabolite profile of P. parasitica under the influence of the P. trifoliata extract. The P. parasitica metabolome analysis using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS resulted in the detection of Arg-Gln (m/z 303.1775), as well as L-arginine (m/z 175.1191) and other unidentified metabolites. Significant variations in this metabolome were detected under the influence of the plant extracts when evaluated using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. Both techniques proved to be complementary, offering valuable insights at the molecular level when used to assess the impact of the plant extracts on microbial physiology in vitro. The metabolites identified in this study may play significant roles in the interaction or virulence of P. parasitica, but their functional characterization remains to be analyzed. Overall, these data confirm our initial hypotheses, demonstrating that P. parasitica has the capabilities of (i) recognizing host signals and altering its reproductive programing and (ii) distinguishing between hosts with varying responses in terms of reproduction and the production of secondary metabolites.

The period spanning the 1940s and 1960s decades is recognized for the establishment of an Argentinian comic book market in fairly complex terms. The country becomes a kind of pole of attraction for comic book artists from different countries, who blend their artistic trajectories to the demands of this market. We will develop this hypothesis based on an analysis of João Mottini’s career: his arrival in Argentina, his professional activities and subsequent return to Brazil.

Objective While greater body mass index (BMI) is associated with increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF), the impact of BMI on outcomes in newly diagnosed AF is unclear. We examine the influence of BMI on outcomes and whether this is modified by sex and evaluate the effect of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with high BMI.Methods GARFIELD-AF is a prospective registry of 52 057 newly diagnosed AF patients. The study population comprised 40 482 participants: 703 underweight (BMI

Objective: The germline breast cancer gene (BRCA) mutation confers a lifetime high risk for breast cancer (BC) and bilateral prophylactic mastectomy is the procedure which allows the highest risk reduction rate. Among other techniques, lipofilling (LF) can be used for breast reconstruction of these patients. However, there are some oncological safety concerns on the subject. The purpose of this study was to assess the oncological risk of LF in BRCA healthy patients.Materials and Methods: A single institution case series was built including BRCA I/II mutated patients with no previous history of BC, who underwent bilateral prophylactic mastectomy followed by breast reconstruction with exclusive LF or combined with implants or latissimus dorsi flap. Data were collected regarding patient demographics, clinical information, reconstruction techniques used, and fat grafting details.Results: From September 1999 till November 2017, we identified 18 BRCA carriers with no history of BC who had undergone bilateral prophylactic mastectomy, followed by breast reconstruction with LF. A total of 36 LF procedures were performed following an implant or latissimus dorsi flap, or as an exclusive fat grafting breast reconstruction. The average number of LF sessions was 1.4 with a mean volume of 108.8cc per breast. Median follow-up was 33.0 months after mastectomy and 24.5 months after the last LF intervention; no patients were diagnosed with BC during follow-up.Conclusion: Germline BRCA mutation is a high-risk plight for BC. However, despite the limited follow-up, no BC was detected.

What displacement principles guide farmers when they collectively clear fields? Based on accounts of events during collective clearing sessions in the upper Jequitinhonha valley (south-central Brazil), this article aims to bring out the special grammar of these processes, as well as its simultaneous links to a productive reasoning, to rivalry practices, and to a certain festive experience of work.

Resumo A pancreatite crônica é uma enfermidade associada a diversas complicações vasculares, como pseudocisto hemorrágico, trombose do sistema venoso portal e formações varicosas e pseudoaneurismáticas. O pseudoaneurisma de aorta abdominal secundário à pancreatite crônica é uma complicação rara, de difícil suspeição clínica, que requer tratamento complexo. A fisiopatologia dessa condição envolve a corrosão enzimática tecidual após a liberação e ativação de enzimas exócrinas proteolíticas das células acinares do pâncreas. O presente estudo relata o caso de um paciente de 52 anos, etilista crônico, internado com dor abdominal difusa, cuja propedêutica revelou se tratar de um pseudoaneurisma em aorta infrarrenal. Optou-se pelo tratamento cirúrgico convencional, levando-se em consideração a idade, as condições clínicas do paciente e a disponibilidade de endopróteses compatíveis com o diâmetro da aorta.

Resenha do livro: RADELJIĆ, Branislav. Europe and the Collapse of Yugoslavia: The Role of Non-State Actors and European Diplomacy. New York: I. B. Tauris, 2012.

A fibrilação atrial é a arritmia mais frequentemente encontrada após cirurgia cardíaca. Embora geralmente autolimitada, representa um importante preditor de aumento de morbimortalidade e de custos aos sistemas de saúde. Numerosos estudos tentaram determinar os mecanismos associados à fibrilação atrial no pós-operatório com resultados variados. Uma fisiopatologia multifatorial é sugerida, sendo o processo inflamatório e a ativação simpática adrenérgica do período pósoperatório reconhecidos como importantes fatores de contribuição. O tratamento é dificultado pela escassez de dados relativos aos resultados de diferentes intervenções terapêuticas nessa população. Este artigo analisa a literatura cujo foco sejam as intervenções para prevenir a fibrilação atrial no pós-operatório.

Resumo Aneurismas verdadeiros isolados da artéria femoral superficial (AFS) são eventos raros. Manifestam-se principalmente em homens idosos e frequentemente estão associados a outros aneurismas. Possuem etiologia variada e costumam ser detectados quando apresentam complicações como trombose, embolização distal ou, mais raramente, ruptura. O presente caso refere-se a um paciente cujo aneurisma de AFS se apresentou roto contido e sem associações com outros aneurismas. Foram realizados eco-Doppler colorido arterial, que diagnosticou a ruptura, e angiotomografia, que evidenciou aneurisma sacular de AFS medindo 11,4 × 8,8 cm, com grande trombo mural. Uma arteriografia foi utilizada para programação de revascularização, e detectou-se leito distal via artéria tibial anterior. O paciente foi submetido a revascularização cirúrgica convencional eletiva em artéria femoropoplítea distal com veia safena ipsilateral invertida, com sucesso. Apresentou como complicação pós-operatória infecção de sítio cirúrgico. A pesquisa microbiológica teve resultado negativo, e o estudo anatomopatológico confirmou aneurisma verdadeiro da AFS.

Purpose Many adverse effects have been associated with abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), including disorders of the urogenital tract. The objective of this study is to analyze the morphological modifications in the prostate ventral lobe of pubertal and adult rats chronically treated with AAS, using morphometric methods. Materials and Methods: We studied 39 male Wistar rats weighing between 400 g and 550 g. The rats were divided into four groups: (a) control rats, with 105 days of age (C105) (n = 7); (b) control rats with 65 days of age (C65) (n = 9), injected only with the vehicle (peanut oil); (c) treated rats, with 105 days of age (T105) (n = 10) and (d) treated rats with 65 days of age (T65) (n = 13). The treated rats were injected with nandrolone decanoate at a dose of 10 mg.Kg-1 body weight. The steroid hormone and the vehicle were administered by intramuscular injection once a week for eight weeks. The rats were killed at 161 days of age (C105 and T105) and 121 days of age (C65 and T65) and the ventral prostate lobe was dissected and processed for histology. The height of the acinar epithelium, the surface densities of the lumen, epithelium and stroma were observed with X400 magnification using an Olympus light microscope coupled to a Sony CCD video camera, and the images transferred to a Sony monitor KX14-CP1. The selected histological areas were then quantified using the M42 test-grid system on the digitized fields. The data were analyzed with the Graphpad software. To compare the quantitative data in both groups (controls and treated) and the outcomes, Student's t-test was used (p < 0.05 was considered significant). Results: The weight (p < 0.001) and volume (p = 0.004) of the prostate ventral lobe showed differences between C65 and T65 groups and between C105 and T105 groups. The epithelium height showed no difference between groups C65 and T65 (p = 0.8509), but the T105 group showed an increase of 32% compared to C105 (p = 0.0089). Concerning the lumen, surface density presented no difference between C65 and T65 (p = 0.9031) and a decrease of 19% for T105 compared to C105 (p = 0.0061). There was no difference in epithelium surface density between C65 and T65 (p = 0.7375), but it was 51% higher (p = 0.0065) in T105 compared with C105. Regarding stroma surface density, there were no differences between C65 and T65 or between C105 and T105. Finally, there was no difference in collagen pattern between C105 and T105, but T65 showed a predominance of collagen fibers compared to C65. Conclusion: The use of anabolic androgenic steroids in rats promotes structural changes in the prostate. We observed structural changes in the weight, volume and epithelium height of the prostate ventral lobe and a predominance of collagen fibers.

O paulista é um importante gênero músico-coreográfico camponês no médio Jequitinhonha (Minas Gerais). A partir da análise formal de alguns de seus parâmetros técnicos, este artigo busca explorar mecanismos através dos quais uma forma musical e literária pode propor um enunciado coerente e ao mesmo tempo dificultar ou restringir sua apreensão. Esta "codificação" acontece aqui através de processos de estruturação formal de um lado, aliados a uma particular economia de qualquer discurso analítico ou não-musical sobre a prática musical, de outro. Por fim, uma curta comparação de caso pretende sugerir tal problema como um paradigma possivelmente pertinente a outros contextos camponeses no Brasil.The paulista is an important musico-choreographic peasant genre from the mid Jequitinhonha river (Minas Gerais, south-east of Brazil). Starting with a formal analysis of some of its technical parameters, this article seeks to explore mechanisms through which a musical and literary form can propose a coherent statement and at the same time difficult or restrict its apprehension. This "codification" is done here through processes of formal structuring on one hand, combined to a particular economy of any analytical or not-musical discourse about the musical practice, on the other hand. At last, a short comparison of cases claims to suggest such problem as a paradigm possibly relevant to other peasant contexts in Brazil.

O deslocamento de um shunt para um ramo arterial mais distal, percorrendo um longo trajeto, é uma complicação rara. A ultrassonografia vascular pode se apresentar como uma excelente modalidade diagnóstica para identificar o sítio de embolização de corpos estranhos intravasculares. Os autores relatam um caso raro de migração de um shunt temporário, implantado na carótida comum esquerda, para artéria poplítea esquerda. Descrevem, ainda, a utilização do ecocolor doppler arterial que, além de localizar o ponto de embolização, com uma dermatografia exata, foi fundamental para que a abordagem cirúrgica transcorresse com facilidade através de uma via de acesso restrita e precisa.The displacement of a shunt to a more distal arterial branch, along a path, is a rare complication. Vascular ultrasound can be presented as an excellent diagnostic modality for identifying the site of embolization of intravascular foreign bodies. The authors report a rare case of temporary shunt migration, implanted in the left common carotid artery, to left popliteal artery. The authors also describe the use of arterial vascular ultrasound to find the point of embolization, with an exact dermatography, that was essential to an easily surgical approach through a restrict and precise access way.

Em pacientes grávidas portadoras de câncer de colo de útero (CCU), as opções terapêuticas dependem da idade gestacional, do estágio clínico e do desejo da paciente. Alguns autores relataram casos de quimioterapia neoadjuvante seguidos de cirurgia radical nessas pacientes. O objetivo deste artigo foi revisitar o assunto, adicionar um novo caso e revisar a literatura. Relatamos o caso de uma mulher de 30 anos, na 24ª semana de gestação, que teve diagnóstico de câncer de colo de útero (carcinoma escamoso grau II), estágio IIB (Federação Internacional de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia - FIGO). Nulípara, a paciente recusou a interrupção da gravidez. Após meticuloso esclarecimento, a paciente aceitou tratamento com quimioterapia neoadjuvante com cisplatina 75 mg/m² e vincristina 1 mg/m², além de posterior avaliação de cirurgia radical e parto cirúrgico concomitantes. Quatros ciclos completos de quimioterapia foram administrados sem atrasos ou efeitos adversos importantes. Poucos dias antes da data programada para a cirurgia, a paciente foi admitida em trabalho de parto na 37ª semana de gestação. Devido à resposta clínica completa do tumor, a equipe obstétrica optou por monitorar o trabalho de parto, e a paciente deu à luz um recém-nascido de 2.450 g, sem intercorrências. A cirurgia radical foi realizada três dias após o parto, e a análise histopatológica revelou carcinoma confinado ao colo sem envolvimento linfonodal. Mãe e filho se encontram em bom estado geral 12 meses após o parto. Quimioterapia baseada em cisplatina durante o segundo ou terceiro trimestre da gravidez parece ser uma opção para as pacientes que não desejam a interrupção da gravidez enquanto se aguarda a maturidade fetal. Entretanto, estudos adicionais são necessários para confirmar o prognóstico e a segurança dos recém-nascidos e das pacientes.The treatment options for pregnant patients with invasive cervical cancer (ICC) depend on gestational age, clinical stage and the patient's wishes. Some authors have reported cases of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery in these patients. The aim of this paper was to revisit this subject and to add a new case and review the literature. We report the case of a 30 year-old woman in the 24th week of gestation. She was diagnosed with ICC (squamous cell carcinoma grade 2), stage IIB (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics - FIGO). Nulliparous, the patient refused to interrupt the pregnancy. After meticulous counseling, the patient accepted treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin 75 mg/m² and vincristine 1 mg/m²) and subsequent evaluation of radical surgery concomitant to a cesarean section. Four complete cycles of chemotherapy were administered without delays or significant adverse effects. A few days before the date scheduled for surgery, the patient was admitted in advanced labor (37th week of gestation). Due to tumor clinical response, the obstetric team decided to monitor the labor, and the patient gave birth to a male newborn (2,450 g) uneventfully. Radical surgery was performed three days after birth, and histopathology analysis revealed carcinoma confined to the cervix without lymphatic involvement. Mother and son are in good general condition 12 months after delivery. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy during the second or third trimester of pregnancy appears to be a safe option for patients who do not wish to interrupt a pregnancy while awaiting fetal maturity. However, additional studies are needed to confirm the prognosis and assure the safety of newborns and patients.

FXTAS (Fragile X-associated tremor and ataxia syndrome) is a late- onset neurodegenerative disorder affecting mainly men, over 50 years of age, who are carriers of the FMR1 gene premutation. The full mutation of this gene causes the fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common cause of inherited mental retardation. Individuals affected by FXTAS generally present intention tremor and gait ataxia that might be associated to specific radiological and/or neuropathological signs. Other features commonly observed are parkinsonism, cognitive decline, peripheral neuropathy and autonomic dysfunction. Nearly a decade after its clinical characterization, FXTAS is poorly recognized in Brazil. Here we present a review of the current knowledge on the clinical, genetic and diagnostic aspects of the disease.A FXTAS (síndrome de tremor e ataxia associada ao X frágil) é uma doença neurodegenerativa de início tardio que afeta principalmente homens acima dos 50 anos de idade, portadores de pré-mutação do gene FMR1. A mutação completa desse gene é responsável pela síndrome do cromossomo X frágil (SXF), a causa mais comum de deficiência mental herdada. Indivíduos afetados pela FXTAS geralmente apresentam tremor de intenção e ataxia de marcha que podem estar associados a sinais radiológicos ou neuropatológicos específicos. Outras características comumente observadas são parkinsonismo, declínio cognitivo, neuropatia periférica e disfunções autonômicas. Quase uma década após sua caracterização clínica, a FXTAS é mal conhecida por médicos no Brasil. Esta revisão apresenta o conhecimento atual sobre os aspectos clínicos, genéticos e diagnósticos da síndrome.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a incidência e o impacto econômico direto do câncer de colo de útero (CCU) em Roraima, no ano de 2009, e analisar o perfil epidemiológico e socioeconômico das pacientes portadoras dessa doença. MÉTODOS: os laudos histopatológicos emitidos em Roraima em 2009 foram revisados, assim como os prontuários de pacientes femininas em tratamento oncológico. Foram registrados dados clínicos e procedimentos médicos (terapêuticos e diagnósticos) realizados em pacientes portadoras de CCU no único centro de tratamento oncológico do Estado de Roraima. Portadoras de CCU tratadas no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) de Roraima foram submetidas a entrevista abordando temas socioeconômicos e fatores de risco. RESULTADOS: registramos 90 casos de CCU e lesões pré-malignas de alto grau. Roraima possui a maior incidência de CCU do Brasil (46,21 casos/100.000 mulheres), sendo 3 vezes mais incidente que o de mama e comparável a países subdesenvolvidos de baixa renda. O perfil epidemiológico revela pacientes com privação econômica, socialmente desfavorecidas, baixa escolaridade, sexarca precoce (média de 13,8 anos), multiparidade (média de 5,5 gestações). Das pacientes estudadas, 71,7% nunca haviam realizado o teste de Papanicolaou, e o desconhecimento foi o motivo mais relatado (47,4%). Como problema de saúde pública, o manejo do CCU gera gastos anuais diretos de mais de R$ 600 mil, com custo médio por paciente de R$ 8.711,00. CONCLUSÕES: o CCU é o câncer mais incidente em mulheres roraimenses e um grave problema de saúde pública no Estado. Seu elevado impacto econômico favorece a implantação de medidas preventivas do ponto de vista de custo-efetividade. O perfil da pacientes revela a ineficiência dos serviços preventivos em alcançar pacientes com perfil de exclusão socioeconômico e alto risco para o câncer de colo uterino.PURPOSE: to evaluate the incidence and direct economic impact of cervical cancer (CC) in Roraima, in 2009, and to analyze the epidemiological profile of patients with this disease. METHODS: the histopathologic reports issued in Roraima in 2009 were reviewed, as were hospital records of female patients under treatment for cancer. Clinical data and medical procedures related to CC were recorded. CC carriers were treated under expenses of the public Brazilian health system (SUS) in Roraima underwent an interview dealing with socio-economic topics. RESULTS: we registered 90 cases of CC and high grade pre-invasive lesions. Roraima has the highest incidence of CC of Brazil (46.21 cases/100,000 women), which is 3 times higher than that of breast cancer, comparable to low-income developing countries. The epidemiological profile shows patients with economic deprivation, social disadvantage, low education, early first intercourse (mean age is 13.8 years), and high parity (medium of 5.5 gestations). Among the patients included in this report, 71.7% had never been submited to a Pap smear, and ignorance about it was the main reported reason (47.4%). As a public health problem, the management of CC generates direct annual expenditures of more than R$ 600,000, with an average cost per patient of R$ 8,711. CONCLUSIONS: CC is the most common cancer among women from Roraima, and represents a serious public health problem in Roraima. Its high economic impact favors the implementation of preventive strategies from the standpoint of cost-effectiveness. The profile of patients reveals the ineffectiveness of preventive services in reaching patients with a socio-economic exclusion profile at high risk for cervical cancer.

OBJETIVO: Comparar a amplitude de flexão e de extensão de tronco por meio de goniometria em atletas e não atletas, relacionando estes dados com o teste do ângulo poplíteo e dos músculos isquiotibiais. MÉTODOS: A amplitude de flexão e extensão de tronco foi avaliada em 50 indivíduos praticantes de esporte regularmente e 50 indivíduos não atletas, os quais não apresentavam nenhum tipo de sintomatologia dolorosa lombar, bem como algum sintoma que pudesse influenciar a realização dos testes. As mensurações foram realizadas por dois examinadores independentes consecutivamente por meio de goniometria. Os valores de flexão e extensão de tronco obtidos pela avaliação da goniometria foram correlacionados com o teste do ângulo poplíteo e de flexibilidade dos isquiotibiais, analisando-se a correlação estatística entre os mesmos. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios obtidos foram 130,7 (101,9) para flexão e 40,2 (36,4) para extensão. Verificou-se diferença estatisticamente significante entre o grupo de atletas e não atletas em relação aos parâmetros: goniômetro em flexão com o avaliador 1, goniômetro em flexão com o avaliador 2 e teste dos isquiotibiais. Não foi verificada diferença estatisticamente significante entre o grupo de atletas e não atletas em relação aos parâmetros: goniômetro em extensão com o avaliador 1, goniômetro em extensão com avaliador 2 e teste do ângulo poplíteo. CONCLUSÃO: Observa-se que a flexão do tronco apresenta valores mais elevados em indivíduos praticantes de esporte. A utilização de goniometria para mensuração de amplitude de tronco indicou valores variáveis entre os examinadores.OBJETIVE: To compare the amplitude of trunk flexion and extension through goniometry in athletes and non-athletes, relating these data to popliteal angle and ischiotibial tests. METHODS: The amplitude of trunk flexibility and extension was evaluated in 50 individuals who practiced sports on a regular basis and 50 non-athletes who did not report painful symptomatology nor any symptom that could affect test performance. The measurements were made consecutively by two independent examiners by means of goniometry. The trunk flexibility and extension results were correlated to the popliteal angle and ischiotibial test, and the statistical correlation between them was analyzed. RESULTS: The average values obtained were 130.7 (101.9) for flexion and 40.2 (36.4) for extension. A significant statistical difference between the athletes and non-athletes was found in the following parameters: goniometer in flexion with examiner 1, goniometer in flexion with examiner 2 and ischiotibial test. No significant statistical differences have been found between the groups or in relation to the following parameters: goniometer in extension with examiner 1, goniometer in extension with examiner 2 and popliteal angle. CONCLUSION: Individuals who practice sports present higher values in trunk flexion than non-athletes. The use of goniometry to measure trunk amplitude showed variable measurements between examiners.

Os autores avaliaram três atletas do sexo masculino, submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de hérnia discal lombar, com o objetivo de avaliar os resultados, após serem submetidos a um protocolo de reabilitação com base em hidroterapia. Este método permitiu a reabilitação precoce dos atletas, iniciando-se na primeira semana após a cirurgia. Os atletas foram avaliados em 5 ocasiões: pré-operatório e nos 4 meses seguintes. Houve melhora completa da dor em dois atletas. O terceiro caso apresentou no 4º mês 1,3% da intensidade máxima. As atividades de vida diária no período pré-operatório em média apresentaram-se com 21,6% da freqüência máxima, chegando a 99,3% no 4º mês. A freqüência de prática esportiva teve em média 10% da intensidade no pré-operatório, no 4º mês os atletas já praticavam a atividade esportiva com uma freqüência de 84,6% do normal. O nível de atividade esportiva foi relatado em média como 10% daquele estabelecido pelos atletas antes do início dos sintomas, atingindo 88,3% no 4º mês. Concluímos que os atletas apresentaram melhora evolutiva em todos os parâmetros analisados, especialmente em relação a dor. Portanto, a hidroterapia mostrou-se um método eficaz e bem tolerado na reabilitação precoce da cirurgia de hérnia discal em atletas.Three male athletes submitted to surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation were assessed aiming to evaluate the results of a rehabilitation protocol based on aquatic therapy. This method allowed early rehabilitation of the athletes, within a week after surgery. The athletes were evaluated in 5 occasions: pre-operatively and in the 4 following months. Complete improvement of pain was observed in two athletes. The third case had 1.3% of the maximum intensity in the 4th month. The daily life activities during the pre-operative period presented 21.6% of the maximum frequency on average, reaching 99.3% in the 4th month. The frequency of practicing sports was on average 10% the pre-operative intensity; in the 4th month the athletes already played sports with a frequency 84.6% of the normal. The level of sporting activities was reported as 10% on average of the one established by the athletes before the symptoms had started, reaching 88.3% in the 4th month. We conclude that the athletes had an evolutionary improvement in all the analyzed parameters, especially as regards pain. Thus, hydrotherapy was an effective and well tolerated method in the early rehabilitation of athletes after disc herniation surgery.

Introdução: O angiomixoma e um tumor raro, agressivo, de origem mesenquimal, que geralmente acomete a pelve e o períneo, sendo na vulva a apresentação mais comum. Seu pico de incidência ocorre na quarta década. Tem como principais características o crescimento lento e indolor com formação de grandes massas com altas taxas de recorrência local sem, no entanto, apresentar metástases tumorais. Relato de caso: Mulher, 52 anos, com sangramento vaginal na pós-menopausa decorrente de polipo endocervical de 2,0 cm simulando mioma cervical. Apesar da citologia oncótica sem anormalidades, o estudo histológico revelou angiomixoma agressivo. A paciente foi submetida a histerectomia radical tipo II de Pi ver sem linfadenectomia há 42 meses e não apresenta evidências de recorrência local ou metástases a distância. Essa condição incomum raramente apresenta manifestação clínica de sangramento genital. Conclusão: O angiomixoma agressivo é doença rara e pouco compreendida. O tratamento cirúrgico continua sendo a modalidade terapêutica de escolha.

Introdução: A efetividade dos programas de prevenção e rastreamento depende de diversos fatores, mas o papel do médico é um dos principais determinantes de sucesso. Objetivo: Avaliar atitude e conhecimento dos médicos da Estratégia Saúde da Família em Boa Vista (RR) sobre rastreio e medidas preventivas dos cânceres mais incidentes, excluídos os de pele não melanoma. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa de corte transversal. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando o software XLSTAT® 2009. Resultados: 46 médicos (90% da população-alvo) responderam ao questionário; 65% eram do sexo feminino; a média de idade foi 36,5 anos. A maioria dos médicos informou ter atitude quanto ao rastreamento dos cânceres do colo uterino, mama, pulmão e próstata, e apenas metade para câncer colorretal. Quanto à adequação dos métodos indicados, os tumores para os quais as condutas informadas revelaram menor conformidade aos consensos selecionados foram mama (10,9%), colorretal (10,9%), e próstata (17,4%). Para os cânceres do colo do útero (95,7%) e pulmão (78,3%), observaram-se maiores índices de conformidade. As causas de não conformidade tenderam a condutas excessivas no rastreio do câncer. Falta de investimento, deficiência de profissionais e falta de interesse da população foram as barreiras indicadas como de maior importância para o efetivo rastreamento do câncer em Boa Vista. Conclusão: Os médicos demonstram interesse e atitude na prevenção do câncer, apesar de algumas não conformidades com o preconizado nos consensos. Médicos tendem ao rastreamento deficitário do câncer colorretal e excessivo dos demais. A capacitação de profissionais da atenção básica é importante para o efetivo controle do câncer.

Os tumores do intestino delgado são raros e a maioria das lesões neoplásicas sintomáticas é maligna.Os neoplasmas benignos são um pouco mais freqüentes e ambos estão relacionados a um diagnóstico difícil, pois determinam queixas abdominais inespecíficas, comuns a uma grande variedade de afecções digestivas. Exames de imagem e endoscópicos podem ser úteis para o diagnóstico, mas freqüentemente não são conclusivos. Para os blastomas primários, a ressecção cirúrgica é a opção de escolha, porém, para os metastáticos, a terapêutica operatória deve ser reservada para os casos complicados por obstrução, hemorragia ou perfuração. O presente estudo tem por finalidade analisar retrospectivamente 13 casos de lesões malignas do intestino delgado, num período de 28 anos. Verificou-se maior incidência de tumores primários (69,2%) e de linfomas (30,7%). Entre os secundários, as mestástases por adenocarcinoma foram as mais freqüentes (15,4%). Enterectomia segmentar foi o procedimento cirúrgico mais realizado (84,6%) e a mortalidade hospitalar foi de 15,4%. A sobrevida de cinco anos foi nula para os pacientes portadores de metástases, enquanto que para os primários foi de 44,4%, sugerindo um melhor prognóstico para as neoplasias primitivas, independentemente do tipo histológico da neoplasia.

OBJETIVO: Nos últimos anos, evidências de associação entre Helicobacter pylori e câncer gástrico têm sido relatadas por inúmeros estudos. Este trabalho objetiva investigar a prevalência da infecção por este microorganismo em pacientes com câncer gástrico, oriundos do Hospital de Câncer Napoleão Laureano (João Pessoa - PB) e determinar o risco relativo para o desenvolvimento desta neoplasia nos pacientes infectados. MÉTODO: Com esta finalidade, 16 pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado de adenocarcinoma gástrico foram submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta para coleta de fragmentos da mucosa gástrica, para realização do teste da urease, sendo então, pareados com um grupo de 16 controles com exames endoscópicos normais. RESULTADOS: Dos 16 portadores de câncer, 28,1% estavam infectados, versus 25% para os do grupo controle. Nos indivíduos infectados, houve maior prevalência da infecção nos portadores de lesões gástricas distais (43,8%), nos tumores Borrmann III (37,6%), e moderadamente diferenciados (37,6%). Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre o grau de diferenciação e a presença da infecção pelo H. pylori (p

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is defined as a laceration of the diaphragm with an abdominal viscera herniation into the thorax. It is usually asymptomatic, with the exception of the cases with obstruction, strangulation, necrosis or perforation of the herniaded viscera. It is classified as acute, latent or chronic, in accordance with the evolutive period. At the latent phase, symptoms are indefinite and the radiological signals, which are suggestive of thoracic affections, are frequent and can induce a diagnosis error, leading to inadequate treatment.This article presents a case of chronic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia which was complicated by a gastricpleuralcutaneous fistula, due to an inadequate thoracic drainage. Considering that this is a chronic affection with an unquestionable surgical indication, due to the complications risk, it is essential to have a detailed diagnostic investigation, which aims at both avoiding an intempestive or inadequate therapeutics behaviour and reducing the affection morbimortality. Recently, the videolaparoscopic approach has proved to be more precise when compared to the other diagnostic methods, by direct visualization of the diaphragmatic laceration, allowing its correction by an immediate suture.

The rectum is the second most common location of the carcinoid tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. It represents approximately one or two per cent of the rectal neoplasms. Metastases are less frequent and it presents a better prognosis than carcinoid tumors found in the digestive tract. Treatment is surgical and the technique to be used depends fundamentally on the size of the tumor and the degree of in the intestinal wall penetration. Lesions which are greater than one centimeter have been treated with local excision, while the ones greater than two centimeters have been submitted to a radical resection. This article presents a case of rectal carcinoid diagnosed and treated initially as adenocarcinoma by abdominal rectossigmoidectomy. There were no signs of recurrence after a period of five years and six months of post-surgical follow-up. Nowadays the validity of radical resection in the treatment of rectal carcinoids has been much questioned due to the fact that it has not shown a significant raise in survival rate when compared with patients who were submitted to a local resection.

Phytophthora parasitica is an oomycete pathogen that infects a broad range of crops of worldwide economic interest; among them are citrus species. In general, some Citrus and the rootstocks of related genera offer considerable resistance against P. parasitica; therefore, understanding the mechanisms involved in the virulence of this pathogen is crucial. In this work, P. parasitica secondary metabolite production was studied using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) combined with chemometric tools, and its metabolic profile was evaluated under the influence of Citrus sunki (a highly susceptible host) and Poncirus trifoliata (a resistant genotype) extracts. The root extracts of Citrus sunki had an influence on the growth and hyphae morphology, and the root extracts of P. trifoliata had an influence on the zoospore behavior. In parallel, the spatial distribution of several metabolites was revealed in P. parasitica colonies using MALDI-MSI, and the metabolite ion of m/z 246 was identified as the protonated molecule of Arg-Ala. The MALDI-MSI showed variations in the surface metabolite profile of P. parasitica under the influence of the P. trifoliata extract. The P. parasitica metabolome analysis using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS resulted in the detection of Arg-Gln (m/z 303.1775), as well as L-arginine (m/z 175.1191) and other unidentified metabolites. Significant variations in this metabolome were detected under the influence of the plant extracts when evaluated using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS. Both techniques proved to be complementary, offering valuable insights at the molecular level when used to assess the impact of the plant extracts on microbial physiology in vitro. The metabolites identified in this study may play significant roles in the interaction or virulence of P. parasitica, but their functional characterization remains to be analyzed. Overall, these data confirm our initial hypotheses, demonstrating that P. parasitica has the capabilities of (i) recognizing host signals and altering its reproductive programing and (ii) distinguishing between hosts with varying responses in terms of reproduction and the production of secondary metabolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The germline breast cancer gene (BRCA) mutation confers a lifetime high risk for breast cancer (BC) and bilateral prophylactic mastectomy is the procedure which allows the highest risk reduction rate. Among other techniques, lipofilling (LF) can be used for breast reconstruction of these patients. However, there are some oncological safety concerns on the subject. The purpose of this study was to assess the oncological risk of LF in BRCA healthy patients. Materials and Methods: A single institution case series was built including BRCA I/II mutated patients with no previous history of BC, who underwent bilateral prophylactic mastectomy followed by breast reconstruction with exclusive LF or combined with implants or latissimus dorsi flap. Data were collected regarding patient demographics, clinical information, reconstruction techniques used, and fat grafting details. Results: From September 1999 till November 2017, we identified 18 BRCA carriers with no history of BC who had undergone bilateral prophylactic mastectomy, followed by breast reconstruction with LF. A total of 36 LF procedures were performed following an implant or latissimus dorsi flap, or as an exclusive fat grafting breast reconstruction. The average number of LF sessions was 1.4 with a mean volume of 108.8cc per breast. Median follow-up was 33.0 months after mastectomy and 24.5 months after the last LF intervention; no patients were diagnosed with BC during follow-up. Conclusion: Germline BRCA mutation is a high-risk plight for BC. However, despite the limited follow-up, no BC was detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a destructive disease of citrus caused by phloem-limited bacteria, namely 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las), 'Candidatus Liberibacter africanus'. and 'Candidatus Liberibacter americanus'. Although there are no known HLB-resistant citrus species, studies have reported Poncirus trifoliata as being more tolerant. Assuming that callose deposition in the phloem of infected plants can inhibit translocation of photosynthetic products and cause starch accumulation, we compared callose deposition in petioles and starch accumulation in infected leaves of three genotypes (Citrus sinensis, C. sunki, and P. trifoliata) and 15 hybrids (C. sunki x P. trifoliata). Compared with the mock-inoculated plants, higher bacterial counts and greater accumulation of callose and starch were found in C. sinensis, C. sunki, and 10 of the hybrid plants. Lower titer and fewer metabolic changes due to Las infection were observed in P. trifoliata and in two Las-positive hybrids while three hybrids were Las-negative. Callose accumulation was linked to and correlated with genes involved in phloem functionality and starch accumulation was linked to up-regulation of genes involved in starch biosynthesis and repression of those related to starch breakdown. Lower expression of genes involved in phloem functionality in resistant and tolerant plants can partially explain the absence of distinct disease symptoms associated with starch accumulation that are usually observed in HLB susceptible genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims at analyzing the set of images conveyed by the Última Hora newspaper on the Brazil-United States relations during the transition between the Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower administration. Through the analysis of the paper's editions published between 1952 and 1953, we surveyed the expectations, frustrations and collision of interests that set the tone of both countries' relations as Cold War's world tensions were straining. Conceiving the UH as an instrument of legitimacy towards Vargas' policies, we approached it via political imagination, observing the strategies of conditioning public opinion on key topics for Brazil-US relations at that time, such as the economic, political and military cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by the bacterium 'Candidatus Liberibacter' spp., is currently one of the most serious diseases of citrus plants and has caused substantial economic losses. Thus far, there is no source of genetic resistance to HLB in the genus Citrus or its relatives. However, several studies have reported Poncirus trifoliata and some of its hybrids to be more tolerant to the disease. The main objective of this study was to report differences in the incidence of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' infection in citrandarin plants, hybrids from Sunki mandarin (Citrus sunki (Hayata) hort. ex Tanaka), and trifoliate orange Rubidoux (P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.)), after conducting an extensive survey under field conditions. These hybrid plants were established for approximately 7 years in an area with a high incidence of 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected plants. We selected two experimental areas (area A and area B), located approximately 10 m apart. Area A consists of Pera sweet orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osb.) grafted onto 56 different citrandarin rootstocks. Area B consists of citrandarin scions grafted onto Rangpur lime (C. limonia Osb.) rootstock. Bacteria in the leaves and roots were detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The incidence of 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-infected plants was 92% in area A and 14% in area B. Because infected plants occurred in both areas, we examined whether the P. trifoliata hybrid rootstock influenced HLB development and also determined the distribution of 'Ca. L. asiaticus' in Citrus tree tissues. Although this survey does not present evidence regarding the resistance of P. trifoliata and its hybrids in relation to bacteria or psyllids, future investigation, mainly using the most promising hybrids for response to 'Ca. L. asiaticus', will help us to understand the probable mechanism of defense or identifying compounds in P. trifoliata and its hybrids that are very important as strategy to combat HLB. Details of these results are presented and discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dermatomyositis and polymyositis are both types of idiopathic inflammatory myositis characterized by inflammation and weakness of proximal skeletal muscles and skin rash. Case: A 49-year-old Caucasian woman recently diagnosed with breast cancer classified as T1N2M0, stage IIIA, presenting skin rash associated with heliotrope and Gottron's papules. In addition, there was a progression to a severe reduction in proximal muscle strength with severe dysphagia. The initial treatment was conducted, and the patient recovered from all symptoms and followed adjuvant cancer management. Treatment: At first, high dose of corticosteroid was administered as pulse therapy, and a radical mastectomy was indicated due to the severe symptoms of the paraneoplastic syndrome. Then chemotherapy and radiotherapy were applied, and oral corticoid associated with immunosupressive drug was administered for dermatomyositis control. Discussion: The association between myositis and an increased risk of cancer has been demonstrated over the years. This patient has a high probability of dermatomyositis diagnosis. The initial treatment with high dose of glucocorticoids may result in an improvement of muscle lesions. Second-line treatment with azathioprine, methotrexate, or cyclophosphamide may be required for aggressive disease. Removal of the cancer induces improvement of paraneoplastic syndrome. Conclusion: Dermatomyositis can be a clinical manifestation of a paraneoplastic syndrome in patients with breast cancer. It is a rare diagnosis, and there is little evidence to guide treatment until now. It is possible to control the evolution of dermatomyositis with high doses of glucocorticoids in almost all cases; however, in severe cases of paraneoplastic syndrome, cancer treatment should start immediately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of anabolic-androgenic steroids to improve physical performance or appearance has increased notably. The doses used are 10- to 100- fold higher than the therapeutic dose (TD), and this abuse can cause several side effects. Glucose metabolism is significantly affected by anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse, but studies about glycemic regulation during fasting are scarce. There are some evidences showing that testosterone can antagonize glucocorticoids action, which are crucial to glucose production during fasting. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of supraphysiological doses (SDs) of nandrolone decanoate (DECA) on rat glucose metabolism during fasting. Male Wistar rats were treated with i.m. injections of vehicle, a low TD (0.016 mg/100 g b.w.-TD group) or a high SD (1 mg/100 g b.w.-SD group) of DECA, once a week for 8 weeks. After 12 h fasting, we evaluated glucose and pyruvate tolerance tests, liver glycogen content, serum levels of gluconeogenic substrates, insulin and corticosterone, glucose uptake and hexokinase (HK) activity in skeletal muscle, and the adrenal catecholamine content. SD group had increased serum insulin levels and a blunted response to insulin regarding glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Fasting serum glucose decreased significantly in SD group, as well as the pyruvate tolerance test and liver glycogen content. Moreover, serum levels of glycerol were increased in SD group. Our data indicate that SDs of DECA exert effects on different regulatory points of glucose metabolism, resulting in defective gluconeogenesis and decreased skeletal muscle glucose uptake in response to insulin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The displacement of a shunt to a more distal arterial branch, along a path, is a rare complication. Vascular ultrasound can be presented as an excellent diagnostic modality for identifying the site of embolization of intravascular foreign bodies. The authors report a rare case of temporary shunt migration, implanted in the left common carotid artery, to left popliteal artery. The authors also describe the use of arterial vascular ultrasound to find the point of embolization, with an exact dermatography, that was essential to an easily surgical approach through a restrict and precise access way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tree defence mechanisms against the fungus Puccinia psidiiwere examined by comparing the activities of defence-related enzymes (chitinase, peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) of two Eucalyptus grandis× E. urophylla(urograndis) hybrids, previously classified as either susceptible to rust (VR hybrid) or moderately resistant to rust (C0 hybrid). Furthermore, the potential of disease control by artificial activation of host defences using either acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) or Saccharomyces cerevisiaeextract was also investigated. Greenhouse inoculation trials revealed that the C0 hybrid had lower disease severity than the VR hybrid but following foliar applications of either ASM or S. cerevisiaeextract treatment, disease severity (evaluated at 15 days after inoculation) was reduced in both hybrids. This enhanced resistance was associated with the induction of a hypersensitive reaction which appeared to be effective in controlling rust in both clones. The activity of all enzymes differed between clones and inducer treatment. The role of the defence-related enzymes in imparting resistance to eucalypt hybrids against rust is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio da análise dos componentes principais, a redução na dimensionalidade de atributos químicos e físicos do solo para a compreensão da variabilidade espacial e temporal da produtividade de culturas de grãos. A área experimental, de 54 ha, é manejada em agricultura de precisão há oito anos. Com base em seis mapas de colheita (soja - safra 2000/2001; milho - 2001/2002; soja - 2002/2003; trigo - 2003; soja - 2003/2004; e milho - 2004/2005), a área foi dividida em três zonas de produtividade de grãos (alta, média e baixa). Foram definidos 15 pontos georreferenciados representativos, para determinação de atributos químicos e físicos do solo, o que totalizou 63 variáveis analisadas. Entre os atributos químicos, o elevado teor de K no solo é o que melhor explica a variabilidade espacial da produtividade das culturas de grãos, provavelmente em razão do desbalanço das relações Ca:K e Mg:K. A zona de baixa produtividade apresentou baixa qualidade física do solo. Neste caso, a infiltração de água no solo, isoladamente, é a variável que melhor explica o desempenho das culturas de grãos. A análise dos componentes principais dos atributos químicos e físicos do solo é estratégia eficiente para explicar a variabilidade espacial e temporal da produtividade de culturas de grãos.

A análise da adaptabilidade e da estabilidade de genótipos de trigo auxilia o melhorista na recomendação de novas cultivares, indicando linhagens de adaptação ampla ou específica aos ambientes. Esse procedimento é particularmente importante para a cultura do trigo, principalmente levando em consideração a grande diversidade de ambientes a que o cereal é submetido no Brasil. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar genótipos de trigo com ampla adaptação e estáveis para recomendação. Os dados para as análises foram obtidos a partir do ensaio de Valor de Cultivo e Uso (VCU) estabelecido nas diferentes regiões de adaptação do Brasil, em 2003 e 2004. O delineamento experimental usado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 4 repetições. A variável analisada foi o rendimento de grãos. Para fins de comparação, foram usadas três cultivares como testemunhas: "CEP 24", "BRS 194" e "Ônix". Para a determinação da adaptabilidade e da estabilidade dos genótipos, foram usados os métodos descritos por Eberhart & Russel e por Lin & Binns. Quatro genótipos apresentaram ampla adaptabilidade e estabilidade (beta=1 e S²d=0) pelo método de Eberhart & Russel destes, dois não diferiram estatisticamente da melhor testemunha. Os coeficientes de determinação foram significativos e explicaram o comportamento de todos os genótipos avaliados (R²>80% e significativo). O modelo de Lin & Binns gerou resultados coerentes com o de Eberhart & Russel, para a maioria das linhagens avaliadas. Os genótipos PF 990313 e PF 980524 destacaram-se pela ampla adaptação e produtividade média, podendo ser recomendados para todas as regiões tritícolas do Brasil.The analysis of adaptability and stability of wheat genotypes helps the plant breeder in the recommendation of new cultivars, recommending lines of broad or specific adaptation to environments. This procedure is particularly important in wheat cropping, mainly when the great diversity of environments to which this cereal is submitted in Brazil is taken into consideration. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify broadly adapted and stable wheat genotypes for recommendation. Data for the analyses were obtained from the experiment Value of Cultivation and Use (VCU) set up in the different adaptation Brazilian regions, in 2003 and 2004. A complete randomized block experimental design with four repetitions was used. The analyzed variable was grain yield. For comparison purposes, three cultivars were used as checks: CEP 24, BRS 194, and Ônix. To determine the adaptability and the stability of genotypes, methods described by Eberhart & Russel and by Lin & Binns were used. Four genotypes showed broad adaptability and stability (beta=1 e S²d=0) through Eberhar & Russel’s method; from these, two did not differ statistically from the best check. Determination coefficients were significant and explained the performance of all evaluated genotypes (R²>80% and significant). Lin & Binns model generated results coherent with Eberhart & Russel’s one in most of the evaluated lines. PF 990313 and PF 980524 genotypes performed outstandingly as to their broad adaptation and average productivity and can be recommended for all of the wheat growing regions of Brazil.

BRS 374 is a wheat cultivar developed by Embrapa. It resulted from a cross between the F1 generation of PF 88618/Coker80.33 and Frontana/Karl. BRS 374 belongs to the soft wheat class, has a low plant height, a high potential grain yield, andwhite flour.

Foram realizados dois experimentos com soja, na Estação Experimental Agronómica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, município de Eldorado do Sul - RS. Na safra de 1994/95, utilizou-se duas cultivares (FT-Saray e OCEPAR 14 - ciclo precoce e hábito de crescimento determinado), em dois espaçamentos entre linhas (20 e 40cm) e solo com dois níveis de fertilidade de fósforo (muito baixo e suficiente), numa densidade de 40 plantas m-2. Na safra de 1996/97, utilizou-se a cv. FT- Saray, com espaçamentos entre linhas de 20 e 40cm, três níveis de fertilidade do solo (fertilidade atual, adubação recomendada e o dobro da adubação recomendada} e as populações de 30 e 40 plantas m-2. Quando a fertilidade do solo atendeu às exigências da cultura, de acordo com as recomendações técnicas, a redução do espaçamento de 40 para 20cm aumentou o rendimento de grãos de 3554 para 4104kg ha-1 (+ 15%), no primeiro ano, e de 4322 para 5420kg ha-1 (+ 25%), no segundo. Entretanto, quando a fertilidade do solo ficou abaixo da recomendada, a diminuição do espaçamento de 40 para 20cm reduziu o rendimento de 1843 para 1520kg ha-1 (-17%).Two soybean experíments were performed at lhe Agronomic Experimental Farm of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in the county of Eldorado do Sul - RS. In the 1994/95 growing season the cultivars FT-Saray and OCEPAR 14 (both early maturity and determinate type) were used, in row spacings of 20 and 40cm, and the soils with very low and sufficient phosphorus leveis, and population of 40 plants m-2. In the 1996/97 growing season the cultivar FT-Saray was used, row spacings of 20 and 40cm, soils with three fertility leveis (actual fertility, recommended fertiliwtion and twice the recommendation), and populations of 30 and 40 plants m-2. When the soil fertility reached the crop requirements, according to the technical recommendations, the row spacing reduction from 40 to 20cm increased grain yield from 3554 to 4104kg ha-1 (+15%), in the first year, and from 4322 to 5420kg ha-1 (+ 25%) in the second. When the soil fertility was below the critical level, the same decrease in row spacing lowered yield from 1843 to 1520kg ha-1 (-17%).

O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de verificar a existência de resposta diferencial de cultivares de milho, prolíficas e não prolíficas, ao arranjo de plantas, com e sem controle de plantas daninhas. O experimento foi conduzido na safra de 1993/1994, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de dois sistemas de manejo (com e sem controle de plantas daninhas), de três genótipos (XL330-P3230 e XL370) e de cinco formas de distribuição de plantas na linha (uma, duas, três e quatro por cova e um sistema de distribuição desuniforme de plantas). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o rendimento de grãos não foi influenciado pela alteração na distribuição de plantas na linha. A competição interespecífica ocorrida no sistema sem controle de plantas daninhas foi intensa, provocando decréscimo no rendimento de grãos, independente do tipo de distribuição de plantas. Houve redução do número de espigas por planta com a utilização da forma de distribuição desuniforme de plantas, entretanto, este sistema não acarretou decréscimos no rendimento de grãos. O peso de mil grãos, o número de grãos por espiga, a altura de inserção da espiga e a estatura da planta não foram afetados pela forma de distribuição de plantas adotada.The purpose of this work was to evaluate if there is a diferential corn cultivars answer to the planting pattern, proliferous or not proliferous, with and without weed control. The experiment was done during the year 1993/94. The treatments have consisted of two systems of handling (with and without weed control), three cultivars (XL 330 - P 3230 and XL 370) and five planting pattern in row sowing (one, two, three and four per hill and a system of ununiform distribution in plants). The results showed that the grain yield was not influenced by the alteration of the planting pattern. The interespecifc competition occured in the system without weed control was great, provoking a decrease in the grain yield, independently of the planting pattern in row sowing. There was a reduction in the number of ears per plant when a distribution without uniformity was used, however this system have not brought a decrease in the grains return. The weight of a thousand grains, the numbers of grains per ear, the height of the ear insertion and the plant's height were not affected by the way of the plants distribution adopted.

Background: This study examined cancer mortality trends in Brazil from 1979 to 2021, emphasizing breast and prostate cancers., Methods: Utilizing data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, it analyzed cancer deaths nationally and regionally, highlighting gender-specific and regional disparities., Results: The research finds that cancer death rates have been growing at an average of 12% per year, contrasting with the population growth rate of 2.2%. This trend is more pronounced in the southern and southeastern regions of Brazil. A comparison of cancer mortality rates between Brazil, the USA, and China reveals that while the Brazilian and Chinese rates exhibit slower growth, the US rate shows a continuous decline since the 1990s., Conclusions: The study adopts a novel approach by focusing on growth rates and employing polynomial interpolation, revealing a deceleration in cancer death growth over the last 15 years across all malignant neoplasms. The study also contextualizes these findings within Brazil's cancer control policies, tracing the evolution of preventive measures and treatment advancements. It highlights the significant role of the National Cancer Institute and the Unified Health System in implementing effective strategies. The decreasing trend in cancer mortality rates in Brazil, despite population growth, illustrates the effectiveness of comprehensive cancer control and prevention measures, underlining their importance in public health policy., Competing Interests: None to declare., (Copyright 2024, Paredes et al.)