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The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unique challenges and stressors that are testing the resilience of residential life staff in significant ways. Like many colleges and universities, this campus of study provided almost exclusively remote instruction during the 2020-21 academic year while providing housing for approximately 30% of the undergraduate population. In 2021-22, this campus was near the residential capacity while providing mostly in-person instruction. Even with a 97% vaccination rate for students, monitoring the safety and wellness of residents created unique stressors for both professional and paraprofessional staff. The varied impacts of the pandemic brought constant change, and the results of such change were no more apparent than in the 24/7 environments of the residential community. This article explores the depth and breadth of issues related to the stress, coping, and resilience of live-in student staff and identifies variables that contributed to their well-being. Using a mixed methods approach, a comparison was made between student hall staff and the rest of the campus population on self-reported mental health concerns. These data were used to create changes in practice to improve the paraprofessional experience, such as professional staff assuming more in-person responsibilities and making mental health support more readily accessible to paraprofessional staff. [Discussion questions developed by Zakery Earp.]

Cellular senescence leads to the functional decline of regenerative cells such as mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), which gives rise to chronic conditions and contributes to poor cell therapy outcomes. Aging tissues are associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) dysregulation, including loss of elastin. However, the role of the ECM in modulating senescence is underexplored. In this work, it is shown that tropoelastin, the soluble elastin precursor, is not only a marker of young MSCs but also actively preserves cell fitness and delays senescence during replicative aging. MSCs briefly exposed to tropoelastin exhibit upregulation of proliferative genes and concurrent downregulation of senescence genes. The seno‐protective benefits of tropoelastin persist during continuous, long‐term MSC culture, and significantly extend the MSC replicative lifespan. Tropoelastin‐expanded MSCs further maintain youth‐associated phenotype and function compared to age‐matched controls, including preserved clonogenic potential, minimal senescence‐associated beta‐galactosidase activity, maintained cell sizes, reduced expression of senescence markers, suppressed secretion of senescence‐associated factors, and increased production of youth‐associated proteins. This work points to the utility of exogenously‐supplemented tropoelastin for manufacturing MSCs that robustly maintain regenerative potential with age. It further reveals the active role of classical structural ECM proteins in driving cellular age‐associated fitness, potentially leading to future interventions for aging‐related pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the capability of determining the mixed chemical composition of urinary stones using spectral imaging properties of Dual Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) Gemstone Spectral Imaging (GSI) software. Material and Methods: Twenty-six single and 24 mixed composition ex vivo urinary stones with known chemical composition determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) prior to this project were scanned with DECT imaging and GSI in vitro. The major components of the stones included Uric Acid (UA), Calcium Oxalate (CaOx), Calcium Phosphate (CaP), Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP), and Cystine (Cys). A histogram to display the distribution of the effective atomic number (Z-eff) of each pixel of the tested area, spectral curve (40– 140 keV, with 10 keV interval) and Hounsfield Units (HU) of each stone scanned was provided with analysis of monochromatic images at 140 keV in the axial plane. Results: The overall pooled sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DECT for identifying major stone composition were 0.802, 0.831, and 0.807, respectively, with a 95% confidence interval. Accuracy was 100% for identifying UA and Cys stones. Conclusion: DECT is a superior imaging modality when compared to low dose computed tomography kidney ureter bladder scans. It allows for improved characterization of major components of urinary stones, in an accurate, non-invasive approach to pre-treatment. This can translate to urologists having greater confidence in determining patient suitability for medical or surgical management of their renal stones, in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the study was to characterize artificial stones used for research in endourology in terms of radiological properties and hardness, based on stone fragmentation, and to compare them with real stones. Materials and Methods: We built artificial stones using BegoStone Plus™ powder (BEGO, Lincoln, RI), with powder (g)–water (mL) ratios ranging from 15:03 to 15:12. The CT Gemstone Spectral Imaging Software® (GE Medical Systems, LLC, Waukesha, WI) was used to evaluate the radiological density in HU and spectral properties. Stone fragmentation was assessed in an in vitro experimental setting. These properties of artificial stones were compared with real urinary calculi. Results: Regarding radiological density in terms of HUs, 15:03 artificial calculi showed similar results when compared with real stones comprising calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. The 15:03 and 15:04 artificial stones showed similar spectral property results to calcium pyrophosphate stones. The 15:11 artificial stones showed similar stone fragmentation results to real stones comprising uric acid, and 15:03 artificial calculi showed similar results to apatite and cystine stones. Conclusions: Artificial stones are useful for research in endourology. Stones with a powder (g)–water (mL) ratio of 15:03 proved to mimic real hard stones in terms of HUs, atomic number, and stone fragmentation in our study and could be used as artificial hard stones, and 15:11 stones showed similar stone fragmentation to uric acid stones. Our study might suggest that standard Bego stones are useful to investigate different areas in endourology, but not radiological properties because radiological homogeneity is not ensured unless more sophisticated mixing methods are used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Merremia umbellata Hallier f. (MU) has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent to treat burns and scales. However, the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of this plant have not been elucidated. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the leaf and shoot of MU grown in Bangladesh. The MU extract exhibited antioxidant activities as demonstrated by DPPH and ABTS free-radical-scavenging activities and the total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents. MU extract significantly reduced the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophage. Accordingly, the gene levels of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 were suppressed. The MU extract alleviated the LPS-induced expression of TLR4, NF-κB, and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). The constituents of a MU extract were tentatively identified using UHPLC-PDA-QTOF/MS techniques. The main compounds were identified as 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercitrin, and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Molecular docking analysis revealed that these compounds interact with TLR4 protein, with quercitrin showing the highest binding affinity among them. Overall, our findings demonstrate the antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of MU and its potential compounds to target the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings are potentially used to further explore promising natural food ingredients that are effective in regulating inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the learning environment of senior high school science laboratory classrooms in Korea, the Science Laboratory Environment Inventory (SLEI) was translated into Korean and administered to 439 students (99 science-independent stream students, 195 science-oriented stream students and 145 humanities stream students). Data analyses attested to the sound factorial validity and internal consistency reliability of the SLEI, as well as its ability to differentiate between the perceptions of students in different classrooms. Students in the science-independent stream generally perceived their science laboratory classroom environment more favourably than did students in either the humanities or science-oriented stream. Associations were found between various measures of students' attitudes to science and their perceptions on SLEI scales; in particular, as in past research in other countries, integration between theory and practical classes was a statistically significant predictor of all attitude criteria when the other SLEI scales were mutually controlled.

Depending on the inflammatory milieu, injury can result either in a tissue's complete regeneration or in its degeneration and fibrosis, the latter of which could potentially lead to permanent organ failure. Yet how inflammatory cells regulate matrixproducing cells involved in the reparative process is unknown. Here we show that in acutely damaged skeletal muscle, sequential interactions between multipotent mesenchymal progenitors and infiltrating inflammatory cells determine the outcome of the reparative process. We found that infiltrating inflammatory macrophages, through their expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), directly induce apoptosis of fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). In states of chronic damage, however, such as those in mdx mice, macrophages express high levels of transforming growth factor [beta]1 (TGF-[beta]1), which prevents the apoptosis of FAPs and induces their differentiation into matrix- producing cells. Treatment with nilotinib, a kinase inhibitor with proposed anti-fibrotic activity, can block the effect of TGF-[beta]1 and reduce muscle fibrosis in mdx mice. Our findings reveal an unexpected anti-fibrotic role of TNF and suggest that disruption of the precisely timed progression from a TNF- rich to a TGF-[beta]-rich environment favors fibrotic degeneration of the muscle during chronic injury., Acute skeletal muscle damage triggers a transient phase of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling (1), the prompt termination of which is crucial to avoiding pathological fibrosis and consequent tissue degeneration. Recent [...]

Single‐atomic catalysts based on ruthenium have a balanced efficiency for water splitting, but it is necessary to control their activity and durability. In this work, a binder‐free Fe2‐xRuxNb2O6 (FRNO) hybrid catalyst is rationally designed through a facile hydrogel‐crosslinking route. The as‐prepared FRNO catalyst exhibits high electrocatalytic activity and stability when operating under acidic (0.5 m H2SO4) and alkaline (1 m KOH) media. Operando X‐ray adsorption and density functional theory calculations show that FRNO/CC, with its high intrinsic conductivity, promotes the adsorption and dissociation of water on its surface by regulating the charge distribution via charge transfer to the coordinated surface oxygen. This facilitates the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance by stabilizing *OOH adsorption on Ru and Fe. The FRNO/carbon cloth (CC) hybrid catalyst also delivers excellent activity and stability for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and OER in pH‐universal electrolytes with low overpotentials of 30 mV per 82 mV for HER and 200 mV per 260 mV for OER at a current density of 10 mA cm‐2 in acidic/basic medium. Ultimately, the FRNO/CC hybrid catalyst shows good water‐splitting performance, and it is expected to help contribute to the creation of various hybrid electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an integrated design and fabrication strategy for the development of hierarchically structured biomechanically and biologically functional tissue scaffold. An integration of β-TCP incorporated fluffy type nanofibers and biodegradable interpenetrating gelatin-hydrogel networks (IGN) result in biomimetic tissue engineered constructs with fully tunable properties that can match specific tissue requirements. FESEM images showed that nanofibers were efficiently assembled into an orientation of IGN without disturbing its pore architecture. The pore architecture, compressive stiffness and modulus, swelling, and the biological properties of the composite constructs can be tailored by adjusting the composition of nanofiber content with respect to IGN. Experimental results of cell proliferation assay and confocal microscopy imaging showed that the as-fabricated composite constructs exhibit excellent ability for MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation, infiltration and growth. Furthermore, β-TCP incorporated functionalized nanofiber enhanced the biomimetic mineralization, cell infiltration and cell proliferation. Within two weeks of cell-seeding, the composite construct exhibited enhanced osteogenic performance (Runx2, osterix and ALP gene expression) compared to pristine IGN hydrogel scaffold. Our integrated design and fabrication approach enables the assembly of nanofiber within IGN architecture, laying the foundation for biomimetic scaffold. • Biomimetic scaffold with channel-like macroporous architecture is developed. • First time bioactive fluffy type nanofibous mesh is integrated with GelMA hydrogel. • Nanofibers were efficiently assembled an orientation of hydrogel network. • Fibers do not interrupt the macroporous architecture of GelMA. • The pore architecture, stiffness, modulus, and the bioactivity can tailored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Over 86% of American Indian and Alaska Native elders live in urban metropolitan areas, yet the extant epidemiological data on cognition and aging in this racial and ethnic population has been collected in reservation communities and may have limited generalizability to the larger population. Multi‐faceted, high quality data are needed to assess risk and protective factors in this underserved and understudied population. Method: We intend to collect medical history, lifestyle and behavioral history, neurocognitive battery, anthropometric measures, blood and urine samples, cranial 3T MRI, rsfMRI, and wrist actigraphy data from 1200 urban‐dwelling Native elders (age 55 and older) across 5 major metropolitan areas: Anchorage, AK; Seattle, WA; San Bernardino, CA; Phoenix, AZ; and Oklahoma City, OK. This initial cohort will be the first in a NIA‐funded longitudinal cohort study to evaluate the brain and cognitive health of this population as they advance in age. Result: Originally funded in the summer of 2019, data collection was initially delayed due to the pandemic, but was initiated at one site (Phoenix) in the summer of 2021 and is now underway at all 5 field sites, with a total of 260 participants enrolled as of the time of this writing. Conclusion: This study represents the largest effort to characterize the cognition and brain health of a generalizable sample of urban‐dwelling American Indian and Alaska Native elders to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since North Korea possessed nuclear weapons, the Obama administration has pursued more drastic policy to defeat North Korea's nuclear strategy but its process is not fulfilling the obligation without producing [...]

VI. North Korea Military Techniques and U.S. Strategy for Balance of Power in Northeast Asia Since North Korea possessed nuclear weapons, the Obama administration has pursued more drastic policy to [...]

Introduction: People living with dementia may experience and express pain in different ways to people without dementia. People with dementia are typically prescribed fewer analgesics than people without dementia indicating a potential difference in how pain is identified and treated in these populations. The objectives of this study are to (1) investigate the prevalence of analgesic load, pain and daytime sedation in people with and without dementia in Australian residential aged care facilities (RACFs), and (2) investigate the clinical and diagnostic associations between analgesic load, pain and daytime sedation in people with and without dementia in Australian RACFs. Methods/analysis: This will be a cross-sectional study of 300 permanent residents of up to 10 low-level and high-level RACFs in South Australia with and without dementia. Trained study nurses will administer validated and dementia-specific assessments of self-reported and clinician-observed pain, sedation and other clinical and humanistic outcomes. Medicine-use data will be extracted directly from each resident's medication administration chart. Binary and multinominal logistic regression will be used to compute unadjusted and adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for factors associated with pain, analgesic load and daytime sedation. These factors will include dementia severity, behavioural and psychological symptoms, quality of life, resident satisfaction, attitudes towards medicines, activities of daily living and nutritional status. Ethics and dissemination: Institutional ethics approval has been granted. The findings will be disseminated through public lectures, professional and scientific conferences and in peer-reviewed journal articles. The findings of this study will allow for a better understanding of the prevalence and factors associated with analgesic use, pain and other outcomes in residential care. The findings of this study will be used to inform the development and implementation of strategies to improve the quality of life of people with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information on cultural factors that influences leadership potential in Asian American students. Impact of racism on Asian American involvement in students organizations; Traits of positive leadership; Goals of model programs towards enhancing and developing leadership potential in students.

Presents information about resources available on psychological and social aspects of Asian Americans. Addresses of ethnic-specific associations and organizations; Names of academic journals on Asian American studies; Lists of books on counseling and psychology; Writings on gender and sexual orientation; Books on racial and ethnic identity of Asian Americans.

Focuses on the experiences of Asian American college students in the U.S. Racial discrimination faced by the students; Feelings of professors towards them; Inadequate resources and diversity among staffs; Suggestions for higher education professionals.

Introduces the articles published in the Spring 2002 issue of the journal 'New Directions for Student Services.' Experiences of three undergraduate Asian Americans in college campus; Diversity of Asian American students; Impact of racial identity on the students.

Proposes a model based on psychosocial student development theory for the Asian American students. Pictorial representation of the psychosocial model; Impact of developing racial identity on the students; Influence of interdependence with family on their social and emotional lives in college.

This theoretical investigation examines psychosocial issues for Asian Pacific American (APA) students, one of the fastest-growing but most understudied college populations. The authors found that general groupings of developmental issues align somewhat with traditional psychosocial theory, although the underlying assumptions and specific developmental tasks do not fit the experience of APAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the operative outcome and prognostic factors in patients over the age of 65 years who suffered from post-traumatic acute subdural haematoma. Material and methods: Forty patients (22 males, 18 females) over the age of 65 years who had undergone surgical evacuation of post-traumatic acute subdural haematoma at Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, between January 1995 and July 1998, were retrospectively studied. Major pre-operative clinical parameters and computed tomography (CT) findings were statistically analysed for prognostic significance. Results: Twenty-four (60%) patients died, eight (20%) had poor functional survival and eight (20%) had good functional survival. Pre-operative Glasgow coma scale score (GCS), pupillary reactivity, the presence of significant mid-line shift and obliteration of the basal cistern on CT scan had reached statistical significance in predicting outcome. A preoperative GCS of 5 or below and the finding of an obliterated basal cistern on CT scan were incompatible with good functional survival. Conclusion: Post-traumatic subdural haematoma in patients over the age of 65 years had a poor operative outcome, especially in those patients who showed evidence of severe brain stem compression prior to surgical intervention. &figfu5; &figfu6; &figfu7; &figfu8; &figfu9;. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we developed a novel biliary stent coating material that is composed of tri-layer membrane with dual function of sustained release of paclitaxel (PTX) anticancer drug and antibacterial effect. The advantages of using electrospinning technique were considered for the even distribution of PTX and controlled release profile from the nanofiber mat. Furthermore, film cast method was utilized to fabricate AgNPs-immobilized PU film to direct the release towards the tumor site and suppress the biofilm formation. The in vitro antibacterial test conducted against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria species showed excellent antibacterial effect. The in vitro drug release study confirmed the sustained release of PTX from the tri-layer membrane and the release profile fitted first order with correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.98. Furthermore, the release mechanism was studied using Korsmeyer–Peppas model, revealing that the release mechanism follows Fickian diffusion. Based on the results, this novel tri-layer membrane shows curative potential in clinical development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction  While cosmetic gynecology has gained popularity, the training experience for obstetrics and gynecology residents in this area is limited and not standardized. The primary objective was to investigate the exposure of obstetrics and gynecology residents to cosmetic gynecologic procedures including hymenoplasty, labia majora reduction, vaginoplasty, G-spot amplification, labiaplasty, clitoral hood reduction, and vaginal laser therapy. The secondary objective was to assess their comfort in performing the procedures after graduation. Methods  This is a non-validated cross-sectional survey of obstetrics and gynecology residents and their exposure to cosmetic gynecology procedures. Using the Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database Access System, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited Obstetrics and Gynecology residency programs in the United States were identified, and the residency program coordinators were asked to distribute the survey. Data regarding demographics, program-specific characteristics, and exposure to certain cosmetic gynecology procedures were obtained and reviewed. Participants' reported comfort with the independent practice of certain cosmetic gynecology procedures after graduation was also obtained. Descriptive statistics were completed. Results  A total of 96 responses were received. Approximately 50% of participants were exposed to cosmetic gynecology during training. Moreover, 70.9% of residents disagreed that they would feel confident in defining the included procedures. Furthermore, 87.5% disagreed that they would feel comfortable performing the procedures independently. A minority of participants were also unsure of the indication for cosmetic gynecology procedures, with 15.4%, 7.1%, 5.7%, and 4% unaware of the surgical indication for hymenoplasty, vaginoplasty, labiaplasty, and labia majora reduction, respectively. No participant knew the indication of surgery for vaginal laser therapy or clitoral hood reduction. Conclusions  In the setting of current cosmetic gynecology training, nearly 90% of residents were not comfortable with these surgeries after graduation. Exposure to cosmetic gynecology for obstetrics and gynecology residents was limited. Without adequate exposure, residents may face difficulty performing procedures and managing complications after graduation. Therefore, standardizing resident training for cosmetic gynecology should be considered., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Cleveland Clinic Foundation Institutional Review Board issued approval IRB 23-343. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Sinha et al.)

Ambiguity is implicit in neural representations of the physical world. Previous work has examined how the visual system resolves ambiguous neural signals that represent various features, such as the percept resulting from rivalrous chromaticities or forms. Relatively little is known, however, about the contribution of unambiguous neural representations to perceptual resolution of ambiguous ones. This is addressed here by measuring perceptual resolution of ambiguity by grouping, which is operationalized as the tendency for multiple similar ambiguous representations to be seen as identical to each other. Multiple chromatically ambiguous representations were created using interocular switch rivalry and presented together with a nearby but separate unambiguous (non-rivalrous) chromaticity. The magnitude of grouping the chromatic regions was compared when ambiguous regions were seen alone versus with unambiguous regions seen simultaneously. Contrary to prevailing theory that the resolution of the ambiguous percepts would follow the unambiguous ones, the ambiguous chromatic regions consistently appeared identical to each other, but their appearance was not found to be attracted to the unambiguous color percept. This supports the proposition that the ambiguity itself in a neural representation is a linking feature contributing to perceptual disambiguation.

We successfully report a liquid-liquid chemical reduction and hydrothermal synthesis of a highly stable columbite-tantalite electrocatalyst with remarkable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance in acidic media. The reduced Fe 0.79 Mn 0.21 Nb 0.16 Ta 0.84 O 6 (CTr) electrocatalyst shows a low overpotential of 84.23 mV at 10 mA cm -2 and 103.7 achieved at 20 mA cm -2 current density in situ for the HER and OER, respectively. The electrocatalyst also exhibited low Tafel slopes of 104.97 mV/dec for the HER and 57.67 mV/dec for the OER, verifying their rapid catalytic kinetics. The electrolyzer maintained a cell voltage of 1.5 V and potential-time stability close to that of Pt/C and RuO 2 . Complementary first-principles density functional theory calculations identify the Mn sites as most active sites on the Fe 0.75 Mn 0.25 Ta 1.875 Nb 0.125 O 6 (100) surface, predicting a moderate Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption (Δ G H* ≈ 0.08 eV) and a low overpotential of η = 0.47 V. The |Δ G Mn H *| = 0.08 eV on the Fe 0.75 Mn 0.25 Ta 1.875 Nb 0.125 O 6 (100) surface is similar to that of the well-known and highly efficient Pt catalyst (|Δ G Pt H *| ≈ 0.09 eV).

Background: Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a technique frequently used to diagnose solid and cystic lesions of the pancreas. Antibiotic prophylaxis has been recommended for EUS-FNA of pancreatic cystic lesions but is not universally observed. The most effective antibiotic and the most efficacious route and regimen of administration are also unknown., Objective: This cohort study was undertaken to evaluate whether single-dose piperacillin/tazobactam or ciprofloxacin given at the time of the procedure effectively prevents major adverse events and to audit the adherence to this protocol in the setting of EUS-FNA of pancreatic cystic lesions., Design: Consecutive EUS-FNA procedures of pancreatic cystic lesions were performed at Concord Hospital and significant variables regarding the procedure and adverse events were recorded. Patients were also contacted by telephone to follow-up any subacute adverse events they may have experienced., Patients: Over a 30 month period (January 2010-July 2012), a total of 85 EUS-FNAs of pancreatic cysts were performed on 80 different patients. The mean age was 63.2 years (range 17-89 years; 58% females)., Interventions: Single-dose piperacillin/tazobactam IVs was administered to 87% of patients, while 12% of patients received ciprofloxacin IVs., Results: No patients developed cyst infection, fever, or sepsis (0%) and one patient (1.2%) was hospitalised for self-limited nausea without adverse sequelae., Conclusions: Single-dose piperacillin/tazobactam at the time of EUS-FNA of pancreatic cysts is an effective prophylaxis of cyst infection or sepsis and can be conveniently given as a single-dose peri-procedurally without further oral antibiotics.

Extensive chromatographic separation of the n-BuOH soluble fraction obtained from the stem and root barks of U. davidiana resulted in five hitherto unknown compounds together with a known one (-)-catechin 1. Structures of the five compounds were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic analyses, to be (-)-catechin-7-O-gallate-5-O-(5″″-trans-caffeoyl)-β-D-apiofuranoside-3-O-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranoside 2, (-)-catechin-7-O-gallate-5-O-(5″″-trans-caffeoyl)-β-D-apiofuranoside-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside 3, (-)-catechin-7-O-gallate-5-O-β-D-apiofuranoside-3-O-(2″-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside 4, (-)-catechin-7-O-gallate-5-O-(5″″-trans-caffeoyl)-β-D-apiofuranoside 5, and (-)-catechin-7-O-gallate-5-O-(5″″-trans-feruloyl)-β-D-apiofuranoside 6.