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Over the past few years, earth-abundant transition metal-catalyzed hydrosilylation has emerged as an ideal strategy for the synthesis of organosilanes. The success in this area of research has expanded to the advancements of alkyne dihydrosilylation reactions, offering broadened synthetic applications through the selective installation of two silyl groups. In particular, catalysts based on Fe, Co, and Ni have engendered enabling platforms for mild transformations with a range of distinct regioselectivity. This mini-review summarizes recent advances in this research field, highlighting the unique features of each system from both synthetic and mechanistic perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we have presented a soft encapsulating gripper for gentle grasps. This was enabled by a series of soft origami patterns, such as the Yoshimura pattern, which was directly printed on fabric. The proposed gripper features a deformable body that enables safe interaction with its surroundings, gentle grasps of delicate and fragile objects, and encapsulated structures allowing for noninvasive enclosing. The gripper was fabricated by a direct 3D printing of soft materials on fabric. This allowed for the stiffness adjustment of gripper components and a simple fabrication process. We evaluated the grasping performance of the proposed gripper with several delicate and ultra-gentle objects. It was concluded that the proposed gripper could manipulate delicate objects from fruits to silicone jellyfishes and, therefore, have considerable potential for use as improved soft encapsulating grippers in agriculture and engineering fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work demonstrates a monolayer self‐assembly of methionine‐capped gold nanodots (AuNDs) on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and its application in various electrocatalytic reactions. Positively charged poly(acrylamide‐co‐diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PADA)‐modified GCE was used as electrode substrate and monolayer assembly of negatively charged AuNDs was performed over PADA‐modified GCE by simple dipping method. The successful modification of AuNDs on GCE was confirmed by characteristic cyclic voltammetry behavior of gold oxidation and reduction. Further to optimize the dipping time duration of AuNDs self‐assembly, dipping time‐dependent electrocatalysis was performed. Interestingly, the prepared AuNDs self‐assembled electrodes exhibit very good electrocatalytic activity in the reduction of oxygen with excellent methanol tolerance and simultaneous electrooxidation of pollutants and food additives, nitrite, and sulfite ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gut sets the immune and metabolic parameters for the survival of commensal bacteria. We report that in Drosophila, deficiency in bacterial recognition upstream of Toll/NF-κB signalling resulted in reduced density and diversity of gut bacteria. Translational regulation factor 4E-BP, a transcriptional target of Toll/NF-κB, mediated this host-bacteriome interaction. In healthy flies, Toll activated 4E-BP, which enabled fat catabolism, which resulted in sustaining of the bacteriome. The presence of gut bacteria kept Toll signalling activity thus ensuring the feedback loop of their own preservation. When Toll activity was absent, TOR-mediated suppression of 4E-BP made fat resources inaccessible and this correlated with loss of intestinal bacterial density. This could be overcome by genetic or pharmacological inhibition of TOR, which restored bacterial density. Our results give insights into how an animal integrates immune sensing and metabolism to maintain indigenous bacteria in a healthy gut. Author summary: Gut bacteria (collectively called the bacteriome) have beneficial effects on the physiology of animals but how they are retained by the host is an open question. Here we report that the immune system of the fly recognises these bacteria and activates a metabolic pathway leading to the regulated breakdown of lipids. The latter seems to be important for retention of intestinal bacteria because when lipids stores accumulate, the number of intestinal bacteria that can be cultivated out of the fly gut is significantly reduced. In fly mutants with a reduced immune recognition or response, the TOR pathway, a major pathway for metabolism and growth, inhibits lipid breakdown and is responsible for increased fat accumulation in the gut. Blocking this pathway (pharmacologically or genetically) restores both lipid levels as well as the density of cultivable gut bacteria to normal levels. Our results show that this interplay between immunity and metabolism with the regulation of lipid catabolism at its centre is important for the retention of the intestinal bacteriome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reference 1 Bahuguna S, Atilano M, Glittenberg M, Lee D, Arora S, Wang L, et al. (2022) Bacterial recognition by PGRP-SA and downstream signalling by Toll/DIF sustain commensal gut bacteria in I Drosophila i . Graph: Fig 6 Loss of PGRP-SA increases intestinal fat levels. [Extracted from the article]