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Employing the sensemaking perspective, this paper aims to study the relationship between social innovation and resilience. The study highlights how sensemaking of social innovation is a process that takes place within existing social and economic representations. This study has a qualitative nature and is based on multiple case studies, which is the methodology best suited to highlight the drivers of social phenomena in specific socioeconomic contexts and which characteristics they manifest. The paper contributes to the literature along three different lines. First, it describes social innovation as the resilient outcome of sensemaking or the result of a capacity for collective reorganization following environmental, political, economic, and social disruptions. Second, it provides policymakers with a model to use to establish the intensity of social pressure and the openness of baseline social representations to change. Third, it allows policymakers to jointly observe and analyze the relationship between social representation and economic representation, highlighting the central role of firms in achieving social innovation. Although this paper presents the findings of a wide theoretical analysis, the developed model needs to be empirically tested by firms and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In complex societal contexts, resilience seems the only way to survive and prosper. This is even truer when considering the present COVID-19 pandemic and its detrimental effects on global health systems and on every aspect of life. The impact was so deep that the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global emergency on 30 January 2020. Accordingly, governments declared border closures, travel restrictions, and quarantines in the world's largest economies, also giving rise to socio-economic recessions. There is wide literature on the pandemic's impacts on people's minds and societies, yet still few studies have investigated this topic holistically, examining how language shapes both human and social sides of COVID-19's impacts. To fill this gap, this work discusses the need for new metaphorical clusters—bricolage, vicariance, and exaptation—as social sense makers to reframe a positive socially resilient response after COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a theoretical contribution by investigating how digital technologies are currently reshaping the museum value chain in the Infosphere, an information environment where boundaries between the offline and online worlds are rapidly becoming blurred. This study applies Porter's value chain to museum management to understand (1) how ICTs impact the primary production processes of museums, and (2) how museums are currently relocating in the new emerging environment. The study is conducted through an extensive literature review on museums and digital technologies. The research results identify four approaches to digital transformation: (1) a back-office approach to improve the preservation of cultural heritage; (2) an onsite approach to enhance the quality of the museum experience; (3) an online approach to extend the museum experience beyond museum doors; and (4) an onlife approach based on multisensorial and interactive technologies, LOD and IoT, to create a wider, more accessible and hybrid museum experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is common in patients with cancer and its use is steadily increasing over time. We performed a multicenter survey in which the use of CAM in 442 Italian patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the commonest form of leukemia in Western countries, was assessed. Data were collected by means of a face-to-face standardized questionnaire with several items. Mean age was 69 years; 258 patients (58%) were male and 184 (42%) female. Seventy-three patients (16.5%) were found to be CAM users. The most common CAM therapies were green tea, aloe formulations and high dose vitamins. Predictors of CAM use were female gender, younger age, higher education level, internet availability and newspaper reading. The reasons for CAM popularity among these patients are complex. Given the number of patients combining therapy with CAM and its possible drug interactions, doctor interest as well as patient education about CAM should be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphomas increases with age. Non-pegylated liposomal formulations of doxorubicin (Myocet®®) reduce systemic and cardiac toxicity especially in the elderly, who often have cardiac diseases. We treated 80 patients (mean age 70.9 years) with poor-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with the R-COMP 21 regimen (Myocet®® 50 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2, vincristine 1.4 mg/m2, rituximab 375 mg/m2, prednisone 100 mg/day). In all, 82.5%% and 13.7%% patients showed complete and partial responses, respectively. Sixty-two of the 80 patients are alive and disease-free (77.5%%), while 3/80 are alive with active disease and 15 patients (18.7%%) have died (median follow-up: 31 months). The estimated probability of overall survival at 12/24 months from admission was 93.5/87.3%%, respectively. There were no therapy-related cardiac events and the ejection fraction improved (from 51.6 ±± 6.9%% to 54.2 ±± 3.9%%). Grade 3--4 neutropenia occurred in 22%% of patients. We concluded that Myocet®® shows both efficacy and tolerability, mainly at the cardiac level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report four patients (mean age 65 yr; range 40–77 yr) affected by acquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) complicating chronic lymphoid disorders and treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab. Three out of four patients were given packed red cell transfusion. Steroids and recombinant erythropoietin (r-Epo) were also administered as first-line therapy without response. After a mean time of 57 d (range 23–62 d) from PRCA diagnosis, all patients received rituximab at a dosage of 375 mg/m2/wk for four consecutive weeks. First injection side effects of rituximab were minimal. All patients showed an increase in hemoglobin levels in response to rituximab, in one patient just after the first dose, in another patient after the second and in two other patients after the third dose. Three patients (75%) were considered in complete remission (CR) and one patient (25%) in partial remission 4 wk after the last rituximab infusion, despite a CR was obtained later (16 wk following the beginning of the therapy). Finally, at the last follow-up (mean 18.5 months, range 2–60 months), all patients were alive and in continue CR. Despite very limited in number, these results suggest that rituximab is very effective in the treatment of PRCA complicating B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to develop a conceptual model to support countries, institutions, and firms toward the accomplishment of present Agenda 2030 sustainability goals. The last two decades have seen a growing interest in sustainability. Climate change, resource scarcity, multipolarity of interests, mistrust and delegitimization of institutions are just some of the critical issues that need to be addressed. There is broad consensus on the urgency of generating further social, environmental, and economic innovation to address these challenges, reshaping global markets, and offering new spaces of action to firms and institutions. Accordingly, there also is a wide search for new models of organizing firms. Digital platforms are among those. Moreover, since digital platforms require coordination among multiple actors and interests in order to succeed, they may also be conceptualized as meta-organizations, less hierarchical than firms yet more tightly coupled than markets. However, despite the wide literature on platforms, this organizational lens seems not to have been taken into the right consideration. This conceptual work aims to fill this gap, providing a framework that clarifies why and how a digital platform ecosystem could configure a sustainable meta-organizational model, and also providing the main steps to build it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary breast lymphomas (PBL) are uncommon neoplasms. Seven PBL were diagnosed between March 1993 and October 2002. A lumpectomy ( n = 4) or radical mastectomy ( n = 3) was performed; 5 patients were in clinical stage (CS) II and 2 in CS IV; 6 patients received the CEOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, epirubicin and prednisone) after surgery and 4 also had additional radiotherapy; 1 patient did not receive any treatment after local excision. Five patients (71%) achieved complete remission and 2 (29%) partial remission, with an overall response rate of 100%. All remitter patients are alive and well after a median follow-up of 75 months (range 10 – 121 months). Two patients in partial remission died of progressive disease. After a median follow-up of 99 months (range 84 – 111 months) for surviving patients, the 10 year overall and disease-free survival rates are both 71%, with 5 patients well and still free of disease. We conclude that the optimal sequence of full-dose anthracycline-containing regimens and radiation therapy should be the treatment of choice for patients with PBL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four cases of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) treated with the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor imatinibmesylate are reported. The drug was effective in three patients, but a prolonged clinical and hematological remission was obtained only in one patient, due to appearance of resistance or poor tolerability in the other cases. The dose of imatinib necessary to achieve a response ranged from 100 to 600 mg/d. One patient with evidence of a clonal T-cell population did not respond at all. We confirm the efficacy of imatinib in HES, but we also underline that type and duration of response may be variable. This could be due to different pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease in single patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ninety patients with untreated, stage I-II A myeloma, were randomised to receive or not monthly infusions of pamidronate (PMD) for 1 year, without additional therapies. Follow-up ranged from 36 to 72 months (median 51 months). Three years after the start of the treatment, the disease had progressed in 25% of PMD treated patients and in 26.8% of controls (p n.s). Median time-to-progression was 16 and 17.4 months, respectively (p n.s). Among the 21 patients who required chemo-radiotherapy, skeletal events (osteolytic lesions, pathological fractures and/or hypercalcemia) developed in 9/11 (81.8%) controls and in 4/10 (40%) of treated patients (p < 0.01). "Prophylactic" administration of PMD may decrease the development of skeletal events, but does not reduce the rate and the time of disease progression in early-stage myeloma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses the prognosis and treatment for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) in immunocompetent adults. Combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for PCNSL; Review on the pharmacodynamic properties and therapeutic potential in the chemotherapy of lymphomas; Need for an optimal treatment of patients with PCNSL.

Polymorphisms of the Glutathione-S Transferase (GST) family may influence the prognosis in lymphoma patients. We aimed to validate the impact of GSTT1 and GSTM1 deletions and of the GSTP1Ile105Val polymorphism on outcome and toxicity in 140 patients with advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma enrolled in the prospective multicenter HD2000-GISL trial, comparing ABVD, BEACOPP and CEC regimens. Carriers of the GSTP1Ile105Val polymorphism had a higher rate of grade 3-4 anemia following treatment. Overall, our study failed to validate GST genotyping as prognostic factor for progression-free survival (PFS). Only the small cohort of patients with an international prognostic score (IPS) >3 and undeleted GSTT1 and/or GSTM1, treated with ABVD had worse progression-free survival (PFS) (GSTT1 + vs GSTT1-: HR 5.02, 95% C.I., 1.16-21.8, p = 0.031, GSTM1 + /GSTT1 + vs GSTM1-and/or GSTT1-: HR 4.61, 95% C.I. 1.28- 16.6, p = 0.019, respectively). No differences were observed for patients treated with intensified regimens, as BEACOPP and CEC. In conclusion, the prognostic role of GST polymorphism, if at all, is limited to a small subgroup of patients treated with standard ABVD regimen.

Purpose: To compare doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine (ABVD) versus bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPP) versus cyclophosphamide, lomustine, vindesine, melphalan, prednisone, epidoxirubicin, vincristine, procarbazine, vinblastine, and bleomycin (COPPEBVCAD; CEC) for advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL)., Patients and Methods: Three hundred seven patients with advanced HL (stage IIB, III, and IV) were randomly assigned to receive six courses of ABVD, four escalated plus two standard courses of BEACOPP, or six courses of CEC, plus a limited radiation therapy program., Results: After a median follow-up of 41 months, BEACOPP resulted in a superior progression-free survival (PFS), with a significant reduction in risk of progression (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50) compared with ABVD. No differences between BEACOPP and CEC, or CEC and ABVD were observed. The 5-year PFS was 68% (95% CI, 56% to 78%), 81% (95% CI, 70% to 89%), and 78% (95% CI, 68% to 86%), for ABVD, BEACOPP, and CEC, respectively (BEACOPP v ABVD, P = .038; CEC v ABVD and BEACOPP v CEC, P = not significant [NS]). The 5-year overall survival was 84% (95% CI, 69% to 92%), 92% (95% CI, 84% to 96%), and 91% (95% CI, 81% to 96%) for ABVD, BEACOPP, and CEC, respectively (P = NS). BEACOPP and CEC resulted in higher rates of grade 3-4 neutropenia than ABVD (P = .016); BEACOPP was associated with higher rates of severe infections than ABVD and CEC (P = .003)., Conclusion: As adopted in this study BEACOPP is associated with a significantly improved PFS compared with ABVD, with a predictable higher acute toxicity.

Twenty-one patients with multiple myeloma, all relapsed after frontline autologous stem cell transplantation and all relapsed again after or resistant to thalidomide (employed as second line treatment) received bortezomib (1.3 mg/m(2) body surface twice weekly for 2 weeks followed by an interval of 10-12 days) without adjunct of steroids as third line therapy. Three patients died of progressive disease during the first 2 cycles with bortezomib. Eighteen patients received at least 2 cycles and were evaluated for response. According to EBMT criteria, two complete (negative immunofixation) and seven partial (reduction of M-component > 50-75%) remissions were achieved (ITT response rate 42.8%). Duration of response lasted from 2 to 14+ months. Grades 3-4 toxicities (thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, peripheral neuropathy and vasculitis) were observed in seven patients, but no patient interrupted the treatment due to side effects. We conclude that bortezomib alone may induce high quality responses as third line salvage therapy with acceptable toxicity in a significant proportion of homogeneously pre-treated myeloma patients with progressive disease after autologous transplantation and thalidomide.

Purpose: MOPPEBVCAD (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone, epidoxirubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, lomustine, doxorubicin, and vindesine) chemotherapy with limited radiotherapy was devised in 1987 to reduce late toxicity and second tumor incidence while trying to improve effectiveness through increases of dose intensity and dose density. Late results, toxicity, and second tumor incidence were reviewed in all the patients treated., Experimental Design: The drugs of three previous alternating regimens [CAD (lomustine, melphalan, and vindesine), MOPP (mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone), and ABV (doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vinblastine)] were intensified and hybridized, the cumulative dose of mechlorethamine was lowered, and irradiation was delivered to no more than two sites either bulky or partially responding to chemotherapy., Results: A total of 307 previously untreated advanced-stage patients underwent MOPPEBVCAD chemotherapy. Radiotherapy was delivered to 118 of 307 patients (38%). Remission was complete in 290 patients (94%). With a median follow-up of 114 months, 10-year overall, disease-free, and failure-free survival rates were 79%, 84%, and 71%, respectively. Forty-two patients relapsed and 60 died. The causes of death were Hodgkin's lymphoma in 36 patients, second neoplasms in 12, cardiorespiratory diseases in 4, pulmonary diseases in 2, and unknown in 6. Sixteen second tumors (of which nine were myelodysplasia and/or acute leukemia) were diagnosed in all. Outside this series of 307 patients, MOPPEBVCAD obtained complete responses in 12 of 15 relapsed and 9 of 9 refractory patients who had previously been treated with other regimens., Conclusions: Clinical response and long-term results are very satisfactory, whereas the second tumor incidence was lower than would have been expected with MOPP analogues. Given its response/late toxicity balance, MOPPEBVCAD does not undermine the leading role of ABVD as first-line regimen but can be indicated as a very effective second-line conventional therapy.

Thirty-seven anaemic subjects with low-to-intermediate risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) received the highly glycosylated, long-acting erythropoiesis-stimulating molecule darbepoetin-alpha (DPO) at the single, weekly dose of 150 microg s.c. for at least 12 weeks. Fifteen patients (40.5%) achieved an erythroid response (13 major and two minor improvements, respectively, according to International Working Group criteria). Such results are currently maintained after 7-22 months in 13 of the responders, one of whom required iron substitutive therapy during the treatment. One patient relapsed after 4 months. Another responder died after 5 months because of causes unrelated to the treatment. No relevant side-effects were recorded. At multivariate analysis, significant predictive factors of response were baseline serum levels of endogenous erythropoietin <100 IU/l, absent or limited transfusional needs, no excess of blasts and hypoplastic bone marrow. This study suggests that DPO, at the dose and schedule used, can be safely given in low-intermediate risk MDS and may be effective in a significant proportion of these patients.