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ABSTRACT: Wooden breast (WB) results in significant losses to the broiler industry due to reductions in meat quality. While the etiology of WB is unknown, it is believed to be associated with localized hypoxia and decreased lactate levels in skeletal muscles, indicating the presence of altered lactate metabolism in WB. We hypothesized that the expression levels of the major signaling molecules that control lactate metabolism, including lactate dehydrogenases (LDHA and LDHB) and monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4), were altered in WB. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate whether there were changes in mRNA and protein levels of LDHA, LDHB, MCT1, and MCT4 in WB compared to normal breast (NB) muscles. Biochemical analysis for LDH enzyme activity in NB and WB muscles was studied. MicroRNA375 (miR-375) expression, known to be inversely associated with LDHB protein expression in human cells, was also investigated. The level of LDHA mRNA was 1.7-fold lower in WB tissues than in NB tissues (P < 0.0001). However, the LDHA protein levels were similar in WB and NB tissues. In contrast, the levels of LDHB mRNA and protein were 8.4-fold higher (P < 0.002) and 13.6-fold higher (P < 0.02) in WB than in NB tissues, respectively. The level of miR-375 was not different between WB and NB muscles. The specific LDH isoenzyme activity that converted lactate to pyruvate was 1.8-fold lower in WB compared to NB tissues (P < 0.01). The level of MCT1 mRNA was 2.3-fold higher in WB than those in NB muscles (P < 0.02). However, this upregulation was not observed with MCT1 protein expression levels. The expression levels of MCT4 mRNA and protein were elevated 2.8-fold (P < 0.02) and 3.5-fold (P < 0.004) in WB compared to NB tissues, respectively. Our current findings suggest the potential roles of LDHB and MCT4 on lactate metabolism and provide a unique molecular elucidation for altered lactate homeostasis in WB muscles of broilers.

Wooden breast (WB) results in significant losses to the broiler industry due to reductions in meat quality. While the etiology of WB is unknown, it is believed to be associated with localized hypoxia and decreased lactate levels in skeletal muscles, indicating the presence of altered lactate metabolism in WB. We hypothesized that the expression levels of the major signaling molecules that control lactate metabolism, including lactate dehydrogenases (LDHA and LDHB) and monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4), were altered in WB. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate whether there were changes in mRNA and protein levels of LDHA, LDHB, MCT1, and MCT4 in WB compared to normal breast (NB) muscles. Biochemical analysis for LDH enzyme activity in NB and WB muscles was studied. MicroRNA375 (miR-375) expression, known to be inversely associated with LDHB protein expression in human cells, was also investigated. The level of LDHA mRNA was 1.7-fold lower in WB tissues than in NB tissues (P < 0.0001). However, the LDHA protein levels were similar in WB and NB tissues. In contrast, the levels of LDHB mRNA and protein were 8.4-fold higher (P < 0.002) and 13.6-fold higher (P < 0.02) in WB than in NB tissues, respectively. The level of miR-375 was not different between WB and NB muscles. The specific LDH isoenzyme activity that converted lactate to pyruvate was 1.8-fold lower in WB compared to NB tissues (P < 0.01). The level of MCT1 mRNA was 2.3-fold higher in WB than those in NB muscles (P < 0.02). However, this upregulation was not observed with MCT1 protein expression levels. The expression levels of MCT4 mRNA and protein were elevated 2.8-fold (P < 0.02) and 3.5-fold (P < 0.004) in WB compared to NB tissues, respectively. Our current findings suggest the potential roles of LDHB and MCT4 on lactate metabolism and provide a unique molecular elucidation for altered lactate homeostasis in WB muscles of broilers., (Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)