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This review article provides an in-depth examination of sarcoptic mange in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), a widespread and highly contagious dermatological condition caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi mites. Sarcoptic mange poses significant health risks to rabbits and can lead to severe economic losses in commercial rabbit farming due to decreased productivity, inferior leather quality, and increased mortality rates. Clinical manifestations in rabbits include intense itching, skin lesions, hair loss, and secondary bacterial infections, which can be fatal if left untreated. The immune response in rabbits involves both innate and adaptive components, with keratinocytes playing a crucial role in initiating the response. The adaptive immune response is characterized by a mixed T helper cell profile, leading to inflammation and antibody production, which possibly play a key role in controlling mite infestations. Diagnosis of sarcoptic mange is typically based on clinical signs, supported by microscopic examination of skin scrapings and serological tests. The review emphasizes the risk of transmission to humans, especially those in close contact with infested rabbits, and explores the complex host-parasite immune interplay, detailing how S. scabiei evades the host's immune system through various mechanisms. The review also discusses advanced treatment approaches, focusing on the need for effective control measures to prevent the spread of mange in rabbit populations. The article underscores the importance of further research into the molecular mechanisms of the disease to develop targeted therapeutic interventions., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest There is no conflict of interest, according to the authors., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background Taste perception is crucial for dietary choices, nutrition, and overall health. The human tongue, particularly the fungiform papillae, plays a significant role in taste sensation, especially for sweet and umami flavors. Anemia, a common condition characterized by low hemoglobin levels, can affect sensory perception, including taste. Recent research has begun to explore the relationship between fungiform papillae density and taste perception in individuals with anemia. Objective This study aimed to investigate the comparative quantification of fungiform papillae density and its correlation with taste perception in anemic and healthy individuals, with the goal of understanding the underlying mechanisms linking anemia to taste disturbances. Methods A total of 100 adults (50 anemic and 50 healthy controls) aged 18-65 participated in the study. Demographic data, dietary habits, and medical history were collected. Taste perception was assessed using a taste strip test and psychophysical scaling methods, including magnitude estimation and the method of constant stimuli. Fungiform papillae density was quantified using high-resolution images of the tongue. Statistical analyses, including t-tests and correlation analyses, were conducted to compare the groups and explore relationships between hemoglobin levels, papillae density, and taste perception. Results The study found that anemic individuals had a slightly lower mean fungiform papillae density (49 papillae per square centimeter) compared to healthy controls (57 papillae per square centimeter). In the taste strip test, anemic participants showed reduced accuracy in taste perception, particularly for bitter flavors. However, psychophysical scaling results, as measured by magnitude estimation, revealed no statistically significant difference in subjective taste intensity between the anemic and healthy control groups (p=0.8666). Conclusion The study suggests that while anemic individuals may exhibit reduced fungiform papillae density and altered taste perception, particularly for bitter flavors, the overall subjective perception of taste intensity does not significantly differ from that of healthy controls. These findings contribute to the understanding of taste disturbances in anemia and may inform future diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for managing taste disorders in affected individuals., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Institutional Review Board of Saveetha Dental College issued approval SRB/SDC/OBIO-2214/24/120. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Verma et al.)

Forty non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM patients were subjected to bedside evaluation of cardiovascular autonomic reflexes. Autonomic neuropathy was detected in 23 patients (57.5%); orthostatic hypotension in 6 (15%), abnormal blood pressure response to sustained handgrip in 8 (20%), abnormal Valsalva ratio in 10 (25%), abnormal heart rate response to deep breathing in 12 (30%) and abnormal heart rate response to standing in 11 patients (27.5%). Incidence of parasympathetic neuropathy was 57.5% in comparison to 20% sympathetic neuropathy One abnormal cardiac reflex was seen in 6 (15%), 2 in 13 (32.5%) and 3 or more in 4 patients (10%). Raised glycated haemoglobin was seen in 17 patients,retinopathy in 3 and micro-albuminuria in 11 patients with autonomic dysfunction and in 13, 0 and 3 patients respectively in NIDDM patients without autonomic neuropathy. Positive correlation of cardiac autonomic neuropathy was seen with retinopathy and micro-albuminuria.