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Oil rose (Rosa damascena Mill.) is a great important aromatic and medicinal plant widely used in cosmetics, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemical industries. Water supply and nutrition are vital for plant growth and yield. Water stress causes plant growth, development, and yield loss at different levels. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different water and nitrogen levels (N) on growth, yield, and quality parameters and determine the chemical composition of oil rose through gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The fieldwork for this research was conducted from March 2014 to June 2018. According to the results of study treatments, the highest fresh flower yield per plant was determined with the I0.50, 80 kg ha−1 treatment. In 2017 and 2018, as fertilizer level increased and irrigation level decreased, fresh flower yield, oil yield per plant, plant height, number of branches in plant, and leaf area values decreased. However, there was little tradeoff between reductions in applied water and fresh flower yield. Furthermore, the GC-MS results reveal little change in essential oil quality as water stress increases with diminished applied water. The yield response and essential oil quality are the direct result of the relatively invariant WUE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suspended materials in irrigation water are very important for the economic life of pressured irrigation systems. This study analyzed the effectiveness of pumice and sand-gravel media in removing suspended solids from irrigation water. Sand-gravel and pumice media passed through 0.05-2 mm and 24 mm sieve openings were used. Raw water with a sediment concentration of 250 mg/L was passed through the media filters under the operating pressure of 100 kPa. For each hour of process time, the discharge velocities measured and the sediment contents determined via the gravimetric method. Total cumulative flow volumes for sand-gravel and pumice media were 12897 L and 14035 L respectively, after the 30 h operating period. The discharge velocities were changed between 47.71 m3/m2/h and 3.22 m3/m2/h for sand-gravel medium, and 49.46 m3/m2/h and 3.44 m3/m2/h for pumice medium. Based on the analyses, we found that the sediment contents and discharge velocities decreased as the total amount of treated water increased in both sand-gravel and pumice media filters. Layers created of small size were more effective than the other layers at removing the solid particles. Based on the amount of the sediment measured of the treated water, it can be said that the sand-gravel medium was more effective than the pumice medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water resources are a scarce and limiting factor for expanding cultivation and plant production in many arid and semi-arid areas. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different water deficit levels on soil and plant (leaf) concentration of macro and micro nutrients of four common bean cultivars and was carried out in a pot in a greenhouse. The treatments consisted of three irrigation regimes to which 100% (I1.00), 75% (I0.75) and 50% (I0.50) of depleted water from field capacity and four bean varieties ("Sarıkız", "Sazova", "Kırk Günlük", and "Gina"). It was determined that leaf macro and micro nutrients reduced from the full irrigation treatment (I1.00) to the treatment exposed the highest water stress (I0.50). The highest values of the macro and micro parameters in the soil under the highest water constraint were obtained in cv. "Gina". However, the highest values in the cv. "Sazova" were obtained in terms of micro elements in the leaf, and the highest values were obtained from the cv. "Gina" in terms of macro elements in the treatments of the highest water constraint (I0.50). As a result, based on the data obtained in this study, it may be stated that cv. "Gina" is more tolerant to water stress in comparison to the other varieties in the pot experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pepper is considered one of the vegetable crops most susceptible to water stress from insufficient irrigation. In this study, the effects of different irrigation and nitrogen levels on yield, morphological parameters, plant water consumption, water use efficiency, nitrogen contents and yield response factor of bell pepper were investigated under greenhouse conditions. Treatments were consisted of three irrigation water levels (I1.oo: 100% control of field/pot capacity, I0.80: 80% of field/pot capacity and I0.60: 60% of field/pot capacity) and four fertilizer rates (Ni: 0 ppm; N2: 100 ppm (1.515 g pot-1); N3: 200 ppm (3.030 g pot-1); N4: 300 ppm (4.545 g pot-1) and two pepper cultivars ("Cemele" and "Kandil Dolma"). The study was conducted in splitsplit plots on randomized complete-block design with ten replications. As results, the I1.00N3C2 treatments have given a high results in term of measured parameters. The findings suggested cv. "Kandil Dolma" come forward against to water deficit under greenhouses conditions. On the other hand, according to our results, we suggested levels of irrigation (I0.80: 80% of field/pot capacity) and nitrogen (N3: 200 ppm; 3.030 g pot-1) for bell pepper under the green house condititons. The results of this study are important in terms of knowing plant water consumption, irrigation and fertilization programs for greenhouse pepper cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water deficit is one of the main restrictions to crop growth and productivity worldwide. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of water deficit (I1.oo: 100%-control of field/pot capacity, Io.7s:75% of field/pot capacity and I0.50:50% of field/pot capacity) on the concentration of macro-and micronutrients of four common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars ("Sankiz", "Sazova", "Kirk Giinliik", and "Gina"). The investigation was carried out in pot experiment in a greenhouse and experiments were designed using a randomized block design with ten replications. Water stress significantly but differentially affected the growth, seed yield components and nutrients of the four common beans in our study. In the fresh pod, cv."Gina" has come to the fore in terms of macro and micro elements (P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Mn, and Se) under the maximum water stress (I0.50)Similarly, cv."Gina" was released mainly foreground in terms of growth parameters (pod width, pod length, number of pods in the plant and number of seed in the total plant) and macroand micronutrients in terms of P, Cu, F and S under the maximum water stress (I0.50). Based on the results of this study, it can be said that cv. "Gina" is more tolerant to water stress than other bean cultivars. The use of drought-tolerant cultivar of common bean may produce more yield with less water; thereby improves water productivity for efficient use of water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to compare the results of two different studies investigating the effects of different levels of irrigation on yield and quality of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and to propose a suitable irrigation program for sugar beet in Kırşehir conditions. These studies were carried out in a farmer's field in Çukurçayır in the center of Kırşehir in 2012 and 2013. Experiments were performed in randomized blocks split-plot design with three replications. In both experiments, irrigation scheduling utilized by using Class-A pan evaporation method within irrigation intervals. In the first study, treatments consisted of one irrigation interval (7 days); the two sugar beet varieties (C1: Esperanza and C2: Calixta) and three different irrigation levels (I1, I2, and I3) adjusted according to the Class-A pan evaporation using three different plant-pan coefficients (Kcp1: 0.5; Kcp2: 0.75; and Kcp3:1.00). In the second study; treatments consisted one sugar beet variety (C1:Isella ) four nitrogen fertilizer levels (N1: 30kg ha−1; N2: 40 kg ha−1; N3: 50kg ha−1; and N4: 60 kg ha−1) based on the same irrigation program. In the first study, the lowest and the highest values of irrigation water and plant water consumption (Et) were observed in the I1 and I3 treatments in both years, respectively. In 2012, the lowest and the highest root yields were observed in the I3C1 (85.38 t ha−1) and I2C2 (75.10 t ha−1) treatments. In the second experimental year, the lowest and the highest root yields were achieved with the I3C1 (66.13 t ha−1) and I1C2 (47.57 t ha−1) treatments, respectively. The impact on the examined parameters of irrigation programs in the C2 treatment had not significant. On the other hand, in the C1 treatment of irrigation programs had a significant effect on sugar rate, sugar yield, and other parameters. If the economic yield and quality are desired, the I1C1 treatment can be suggested for sugar beet production under the similar soil and climatic conditions. In the second study; the highest WUE and IWUE values, the best quality parameters (Na, K, and alpha-amino nitrogen), and economic sugar beet root yield was determined in the treatment of I1N1 (Kcp1: 0.5 and 30 kg ha−1 of N). When both study results are examined, it can be said that Kcp1: 0.5 plant-pan coefficient in sugar beet irrigation program is most important for economic yieldy and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen levels on yield, yield components, and sugar rate of the sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) during the years 2012 and 2013 in the Kırşehir province of Turkey. Experiments were carried out in split plots in randomized blocks with three replications. The application of irrigation water was based on cumulative class A pan evaporation within the irrigation intervals. Treatments consisted of one irrigation interval (7 days) and three different irrigation levels (I 1 , I 2 , and I 3 ) adjusted according to the class A pan evaporation (E pan ) using three different plant-pan coefficients ( K cp1 : 0.5; K cp2 : 0.75; and K cp3 : 1.00) and four nitrogen fertilizer levels (N 1 : 30 kg ha −1 ; N 2 : 40 kg ha −1 ; N 3 : 50 kg ha −1 ; and N 4 : 60 kg ha −1 ). The highest WUE and IWUE values, the best quality parameters (Na, K, and alpha-amino nitrogen), and economic sugar beet root yield was determined in the treatment of I 1 N 1 ( K cp1 : 0.5 and 30 kg ha −1 of N). Therefore, this treatment can be used for sugar beet cultivation under similar climate and soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effects of different irrigation regimes on water use and root yield of sugar beet, irrigated with a drip system under field conditions in the 2012–2013 seasons at Cukurcayir in the Kırsehir Centrum of the Central Anatolian region of Turkey. Experiments were carried out in split plots in randomized blocks with three replications. The application of irrigation water was based on cumulative class A pan evaporation within irrigation intervals. Study treatments consisted of one irrigation interval (7 days); the two sugar beet varieties (C 1 : Esperanza and C 2 : Calixta) and three different irrigation levels (I 1 , I 2 , and I 3 ) adjusted according to the class A pan evaporation ( E pan ) using three different plant-pan coefficients ( K cp1 : 0.5; K cp2 : 0.75; and K cp3 : 1.00). The lowest and the highest values of irrigation water and plant water consumption ( Et ) were observed in the I 1 and I 3 treatments in both years, respectively. In 2012, the lowest and the highest root yields were observed in the I 3 C 1 (85.38 t ha −1 ) and I 2 C 2 (75.10 t ha −1 ) treatments. In the second experimental year, the lowest and the highest root yields were achieved with the I 3 C 1 (66.13 t ha −1 ) and I 1 C 2 (47.57 t ha −1 ) treatments, respectively. The impact on the examined parameters of irrigation programs in the C 2 treatment had not significant. On the other hand, in the C 1 treatment of irrigation programs had a significant effect on sugar rate, sugar yield, and other parameters. If the economic yield and quality are desired, the I 1 C 1 treatment can be suggested for sugar beet production under the similar soil and climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multivariate statistical methods are successfully used in many areas. Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis methods are the most used of these methods. In this study, water quality data prepared for Seyfe Lake were evaluated. For this purpose, principal components and cluster analysis techniques were used. The 26 selected parameters were gathered at 11 of the points and evaluated. The cluster analysis was obtained from three different groups. These sampling points have different physicochemical characteristics and the pollution levels. According to the results of Principal Component Analysis, the six factors explained 92.72% of the total variance. The first factor 29.52%, the second factor 17.89%, the third factor 16.75%, the fourth 13.65%, the fifth 9.73%, and the sixth 5.17% of the cumulative variances explained respectively. Results reveal that sulfate, nitrate, total phosphorus, hardness, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, aluminum, iron, chromium, and lead were the most important parameters used to evaluate changes in water quality of the lake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]