Search

Copyright of Lex Humana is the property of Lex Humana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The experiment studied the effect of harvesting frequencies and varieties on yield, chemical composition and hydrogen cyanide content in cassava foliage. Foliage from three cassava varieties, K94 (very bitter), K98-7 (medium bitter) and a local (sweet), were harvested in three different cutting cycles, at 3, 6 and 9 months; 6 and 9 months and 9 months after planting, in a 2-yr experiment carried out in Hanoi, Vietnam. Increasing the harvesting frequency increased dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) production in cassava foliage. The K94 variety produced higher foliage yields than the other two varieties. Dry matter, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and total tannin content increased with months to the first harvest, whereas CP content decreased. Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) content was lower at the first harvest than at later harvests for all cutting cycles. At subsequent harvests the content of total tannins tended to decline, while HCN content increased (p

The Northern Key Economic Region (NKER) plays a pivotal role in the advancement of Vietnam's economy. Furthermore, Vietnam has been proactively engaging in modern Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in accordance with the global integration trend in recent years. Thus, in contrast to earlier phases of its evolution, the NKER has been subject to a multitude of effects and pressures. The NKER designates Hanoi as the capital of the entire nation. Hanoi constitutes one of the foremost economic hubs of the nation, alongside another major metropolitan area. Consequently, the enactment of the Capital Law assumes paramount significance in facilitating the expeditious and enduring progress of Hanoi. The present study aims to investigate the attributes of the National Key Economic Regions (NKER) during the era when Vietnam engages in contemporary Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), with a specific emphasis on refining the Capital Law. The objective is to shed light on the prospects, obstacles, and predicaments that arise, and to propose suitable remedies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relapse to maladaptive eating habits during dieting is often provoked by stress and there is evidence for a role of ovarian hormones in stress responses and feeding. We studied the role of these hormones in stress-induced reinstatement of food seeking and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neuronal activation in c-fos-GFP transgenic female rats, which express GFP in strongly activated neurons. Food-restricted ovariectomized or sham-operated c-fos-GFP rats were trained to lever-press for palatable food pellets. Subsequently, lever-pressing was extinguished and reinstatement of food seeking and mPFC neuronal activation was assessed after injections of the pharmacological stressor yohimbine (0.5-2 mg/kg) or pellet priming (1- 4 noncontingent pellets). Estrous cycle effects on reinstatement were also assessed in wild-type rats. Yohimbine- and pellet-priming-induced reinstatement was associated with Fos and GFP induction in mPFC; both reinstatement and neuronal activation were minimally affected by ovarian hormones in both c-fos-GFP and wild-type rats. c-fos-GFP transgenic rats were then used to assess glutamatergic synaptic alterations within activated GFP-positive and nonactivated GFP-negative mPFC neurons following yohimbine-induced reinstatement of food seeking. This reinstatement was associated with reduced AMPA receptor/NMDA receptor current ratios and increased paired-pulse facilitation in activated GFP-positive but not GFP-negative neurons. While ovarian hormones do not appear to play a role in stress-induced relapse of food seeking in our rat model, this reinstatement was associated with unique synaptic alterations in strongly activated mPFC neurons. Our paper introduces the c-fos-GFP transgenic rat as a new tool to study unique synaptic changes in activated neurons during behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to explore the associated impairments of cerebral palsy (CP) and their correlates among children with CP in Vietnam., Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study using hospital-based surveillance., Setting: National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam between June and November 2017., Participants: 765 children with CP were recruited., Outcome Measures: We assessed clinical characteristics of CP, associated impairments (epilepsy, intellectual, visual, hearing, speech impairments) and their correlates. We performed descriptive analyses (median, IQR and proportion). χ 2 test and Fisher's exact test were used for categorical variables. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression models were established and associated impairments were included as independent variables., Results: The median age of children was 1.7 years (IQR=2.7). Quadriplegia was the predominant subtype (69.5%) and 46.5% were at Gross Motor Function Classification System level IV-V. Of children, 76.3% had ≥one associated impairment, most commonly speech or intellectual impairments (59.1% and 57.8%, respectively). Severity of motor impairment, type of CP, maternal and perinatal factors (eg, gestational age, perinatal asphyxia, timing of injury causing CP) were associated with greater risk of associated impairments., Conclusion: Children with CP have a high burden of associated impairments. Findings from our study will inform the development and implementation of appropriate screening and interventions and reduce the long-term adverse effects of these impairments on individuals with CP and their socioeconomic impact., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: The model of trauma in Vietnam has changed significantly over the last decade and requires reforming medical education to deal with new circumstances. Our aim is to evaluate this transition regarding the new target by analyzing trauma and the medical training system as a whole., Objective: This study aimed to establish if medical training in the developing country of Vietnam has adapted to the new disease pattern of road trauma emerging in its economy., Methods: A review was performed of Vietnamese medical school, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Education and Training literature on trauma education. The review process and final review paper were prepared following the guidelines on scoping reviews and using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flowchart., Results: The current trauma training at the undergraduate level is minimal and involves less than 5% of the total credit. At the postgraduate level, only the specialties of surgery and anesthesia have a significant and increasing trauma training component ranging from 8% to 22% in the content. Trauma training, which focuses on practical skills, accounts for 31% and 32% of the training time of orientation courses for young doctors in "basic surgery" and "basic anesthesia," respectively. Other relevant short course trainings, such as continuing medical education, in trauma are available, but they vary in topics, facilitators, participants, and formats., Conclusions: Medical training in Vietnam has not adapted to the new emerging disease pattern of road trauma. In the interim, the implementation of short courses, such as basic trauma life support and primary trauma care, can be considered as an appropriate method to compensate for the insufficient competency-related trauma care among health care workers while waiting for the effectiveness of medical training reformation., (©Ba Tuan Nguyen, Toi Lam Phung, Thi Hong Hanh Khuc, Van Anh Thi Nguyen, Christopher Leigh Blizzard, Andrew Palmer, Huu Tu Nguyen, Thang Cong Quyet, Mark Nelson. Originally published in JMIR Medical Education (https://mededu.jmir.org), 24.01.2022.)