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Background. Studies have shown a significant relationship between the width and thickness of keratinized gingiva around the implant and changes in marginal bone level, with a significant effect on the health and esthetic of tissues around the implant, especially in the anterior region of the maxilla, which is an esthetic area. Methods. Ten patients referring to the Faculty of Dentistry seeking implant placement in the anterior maxilla were included in the study. The connective tissue of the palatal gingiva of the surgical site was folded to the buccal aspect with the buccal base, and the thickness and width of keratinized gingiva around the buccal surface of each implant were measured in three time intervals, including before surgery and 6 and 12 weeks after surgery. Based on the results of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Friedman test and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results. The intervention significantly affected changes in the gingival thickness. After the intervention, gingival thickness significantly increased compared to the baseline (P <0.05).>P>0.05). Conclusion. Buccal-based modified palatal flap in anterior maxillary implants increased the thickness of keratinized gingiva, with no significant effect on the keratinized gingiva width. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The future smart grids will contain a high number of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) that will move in the grid widely. The high penetration of these devices will bring new challenges regarding the optimal operation and management of the system. In this way, this paper proposes a realistic framework to first model PEVs movements in the grid and second schedule their movement for minimizing the costs. The cost function consists of the total network cost for supplying the electric loads and PEVs for 24 hour time horizon. According to the high complexities of the problem, a new optimization framework based on teacher learning algorithm (TLO) with a new modification method is proposed to search the problem space thoroughly. The feasibility and satisfying performance of the proposed optimization framework are examined on the IEEE test system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Evidence supporting yearly influenza vaccination in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) is limited, consequently leading to inconsistent guideline recommendations. We aimed to investigate the impact of influenza vaccination on the risk of hospitalization in HF patients. Methods and results We used linked primary and secondary health records in England between 1990 and 2013. Using a self-controlled case series design with conditional Poisson regression, we estimated the incidence rate ratio (IRR, 95% CI) of the number of hospitalizations in a year following vaccination with an adjacent vaccination-free year in the same individuals. We found the uptake of vaccination to be varied and generally low (49% in 2013). Among 59,202 HF patients, influenza vaccination was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization due to cardiovascular disease (0.73 [0.71, 0.76]), with more modest effects for hospitalization due to respiratory infections (0.83 [0.77, 0.90]), and all-cause hospitalizations (0.96 [0.95, 0.98]). The relative effects were somewhat greater in younger patients but with no material difference between men and women. In validation analyses, effects were not significant for consecutive years without vaccination (0.96 [0.92, 1.00]) or hospitalization due to cancer (1.02 [0.84, 1.22]). Conclusion In HF patients, influenza vaccination is associated with reduced risk of hospitalizations, especially for cardiovascular disease. Improved efforts for wider uptake of vaccination among HF patients are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a fuzzy PI controller as a power system stabilizer. The fuzzy PI controller has been designed in order to prepare an auxiliary signal for the excitation system of the synchronous generator. The proposed controller utilizes a combination of a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and a PI controller, which are the most recent researches in the problem at hand. In comparison with the conventional fuzzy controllers, the proposed fuzzy PI controller takes advantage of both FLC and conventional PI controller to overcome all kind of disturbances. The damping of oscillations local modes in a power system will substantially be controlled by employing this controller as a replacement for conventional PSS. Furthermore, the presented paper considers the conventional PSS and compares its performance with respect to three proposed types of fuzzy PI controller. Correspondingly, the effects of the supplementary signals in damping oscillation have been shown. Finally, to scrutinize the effectiveness of the proposed controller in damping oscillations, a three-phase short circuit condition is studied in order to clarify the application of the developed methodology. The achieved outcomes show that the proposed controller for stabilizing power system can provide very good damping characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the smart grids area, attractive issues are created for the hackers such that they tend to interface the control of smart grids deliberately or unintentionally so that the normal operations of these systems are endangered. According to the insight of the smart grids systems, it is anticipated that in near future, all the distribution systems would be operated smartly. In this regard, the state estimation and control algorithms should be improved to be able to detect and omit fake data of measurements appropriately. Some methods for state estimation, such as Kalman filter as a proper criterion can omit the noisy data from the measurements. Similarly, the chi‐square method is capable of detecting bad data, but cannot detect and remove unreal and fake data. The purpose of this work is to propose a suitable method for state estimation in the smart grids considering the possibility of having fake data measurement. It will be shown that the use of evolutionary algorithms, such as bat algorithm with a hybrid approach based on the weighted least square technique makes it possible to detect and omit fake data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: There is an ongoing debate on the appropriateness of internal or external osteotomy in rhinoplasty. This study aimed to compare these two techniques in terms of nasal mucosal tear. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 candidates for elective nasal surgery were studied in a 12-month period. Each patient underwent an external lateral osteotomy performed on one side and an internal lateral osteotomy performed on the other side by a trained specialist. In a blinded manner, another investigator performed the nasal endoscopy to detect the nasal mucosal tears and the results was reported them in millimeter (mm). Results: A total of 30 patients, 10 males and 20 females with the mean age of 26.47±7.36 years (20-30) were enrolled in this study. Nasal mucosal tear was reported in all patients with internal lateral osteotomy, whereas this rate was 90% in the other group (p= 0.24, odds ratio=1.1 1, 95% confidence interval=0.99-1.25). The median length of the mucosal tears was 9 mm in the cases with internal osteotomy vs. 4 mm in the patients with external approach. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). The data analysis stratified by the patients' age and sex revealed a significant association neither with frequency nor with severity of the nasal mucosal tears. Conclusion: This study showed that internal osteotomy, as compared with external technique, is accompanied with significantly more severe nasal mucosal damage in patients undergoing elective nasal surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds and Objectives: Dry socket is a painful disabling condition almost following dental extractions. Given the high prevalence of this complication, many researchers have tried to find successful methods to prevent its occurrence. The purpose of this study is was to evaluate the effect of Gelatamp in prevention of dry socket. Materials and Methods: In this study 65 subjects with two impacted third molars in mandible were selected. Teeth were removed by conventional method and Gelatamp was inserted in one of the sockets randomly. All patients examined clinically four days after the surgery and obtained data were analyzed statistically. Results: From total number of 57 subjects two subjects after Gelatamp application (22.2 %) and seven subjects in the controls (77.8 %) experienced dry socket. The difference between two groups was not significant (p = 0.08). Conclusion: Gelatamp could be an effective strategy in the prevention of dry socket after mandibular impacted third molar removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new hybrid evolutionary algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Simulated Annealing (SA), called PSO-SA, for multi-objective Distribution Feeder Reconfiguration (DFR). The objective functions are to minimize real power losses; deviation of nodes voltage; the number of switching operation and to balance the loads on the feeders. Due to the objectives are different and no commensurable, it is difficult to solve this problem by conventional approaches that optimize a single objective. In the proposed algorithm, these objective functions are first modeled with fuzzy sets to evaluate their imprecise nature and then the hybrid PSO-SA is used to determine the optimal solution. The feasibility of the proposed optimization algorithm is demonstrated and compared with the solutions obtained by other approaches over different distribution test systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an algorithm of supervisory control with fuzzy logic and adaptive control of a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite with single-spin stabilization. The error generated by an adaptive control signal can be computed with only the reference dynamics of the model and the damping. A fuzzy logic algorithm is presented that acts as a supervisory control and estimates the changes of the parameters and applies the necessary signals to avoid any unsuitability in the system. The results of simulation have shown that position control is performed within an acceptable tolerance by using the suggested algorithm, which includes three closed-loop systems and unknown parameters of the system [1,2,3]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary There is increasing interest in how the phase of local oscillatory activity within a brain area determines the long-range functional connectivity of that area. For example, increasing convergent evidence from a range of methodologies suggests that beta (20 Hz) oscillations may play a vital role in the function of the motor system [ 1–5 ]. The “communication through coherence” hypothesis posits that the precise phase of coherent oscillations in network nodes is a determinant of successful communication between them [ 6, 7 ]. Here we set out to determine whether oscillatory activity in the beta band serves to support this theory within the cortical motor network in vivo. We combined non-invasive transcranial alternating-current stimulation (tACS) [ 8–12 ] with resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) [ 13 ] to follow both changes in local activity and long-range connectivity, determined by inter-areal blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal correlation, as a proxy for communication in the human cortex. Twelve healthy subjects participated in three fMRI scans with 20 Hz, 5 Hz, or sham tACS applied separately on each scan. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at beta frequency has previously been shown to increase local activity in the beta band [ 14 ] and to modulate long-range connectivity within the default mode network [ 15 ]. We demonstrated that beta-frequency tACS significantly changed the connectivity pattern of the stimulated primary motor cortex (M1), without changing overall local activity or network connectivity. This finding is supported by a simple phase-precession model, which demonstrates the plausibility of the results and provides emergent predictions that are consistent with our empirical findings. These findings therefore inform our understanding of how local oscillatory activity may underpin network connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Monocortical miniplate fixation is an accepted and reliable method for internal fixation of mandibular angle fractures. Although placement of a second miniplate may theoretically provide more stability; however, the clinical importance of this issue remains controversial., Objectives: The present study assessed the postoperative complications and outcomes associated with the fixation of mandibular angle fractures using 1 and 2 miniplates in patients with favorable mandibular angle fractures., Patients and Methods: A prospective study of 87 patients (73 males, 14 females) with favorable mandibular angle fractures was done. In the first group, a 4-hole miniplate was placed at the superior border through an intraoral approach. In group 2, patients were treated with 2 miniplates, one placed at the superior border (similar to group 1) and the other on the lateral aspect of the angle at the inferior border through an intraoral and transcutaneous approach using a trocar. Postoperative complications including malocclusion, malunion and sensory disturbances associated with surgery, additional maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) by means of an arch bar and wires for a longer period (for delayed union) and infection were assessed in patients of both groups up to 12 months postoperatively. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test., Results: In the single miniplate group, 25 patients showed lip numbness associated with surgery (55.6%), 22 patients required additional use of MMF (48.9%) and 3 patients developed infections (6.7%). In the double miniplate group 20 patients showed lip numbness associated with surgery (47.6%), 18 patients required additional use of MMF (42.9%) and 1 patient developed infection (2.4%). None of the patients in either group showed malocclusion or malunion. No significant difference was observed between the groups regarding overall complication rate., Conclusions: In this study, use of one miniplate or two miniplates for treatment of favorable mandibular angle fractures was associated with a similar incidence of complications. Thus, it seems that the use of two miniplates in this setting may not be warranted, nor cost-efficient.

Background and Aims: The clinical management of oral lichen planus poses considerable difficulties to the clinician. In recent years, researchers have focused on the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as Candida albicans in the patients with refractory lichen planus. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of candida species in the erosive oral lichen planus lesions., Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients with erosive oral lichen planus and twenty-one healthy individuals aged 18-60 were randomly selected; samples were taken from the tongue, saliva and buccal mucosa with swab friction. Theses samples were sent to the laboratory for determining the presence of candida species in cultures and direct examination method., Results: No significant difference was found between healthy individuals and patients with erosive lichen planus regard-ing presence of candida species. The type of candida in the evaluated samples was Candida albicans in both healthy and patient groups., Conclusion: According to the results, candida was not confirmed as an etiologic factor for erosive lichen planus lesions.