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This study investigates the adaptation of activated sludge for nicotine degradation by introducing glucose as a co-substrate. The acclimation process significantly improved nicotine biodegradability, leading to its complete degradation. In contrast, the non-acclimated sludge removed less than 10 % of nicotine over the same period. The acclimated system achieved effluent nicotine and COD concentrations of 0.95 mg L–1 and 31 mg L–1, respectively, with removal efficiencies of 99.81 % and 93.80 %. 16S rRNA analysis identified Bosea sp. and Paenarthrobacter sp. as potential nicotine-degrading bacteria under long-term acclimation. This study also examines the impact of hydraulic circulation on the formation of aerobic granule. In a 6-hour cycle, granules with diameters of 2–3 mm and high strength had formed, whereas longer cycles (12 and 24 hours) led to incomplete granulation. Increasing the nicotine concentration up to 1000 mg L–1 tested the granules’ degradation capability, achieving a COD removal efficiency of 91.02 %.

La région de Kasserine, en Tunisie centrale, est depuis très longtemps considérée par de nombreux auteurs comme une terre émergée formant une île ou un archipel, depuis le Crétacé terminal jusqu’au Miocène moyen. Dans les années 1980, des dépôts continentaux y ont alors été découverts et datés de l’Eocène. Jusqu’à aujourd’hui, aucun dépôt marin plus vieux que le Miocène moyen n’était donc connu en Tunisie centrale et les seuls faciès marins attribués à l’Eocène, étaient ceux des bassins phosphatés formés en périphérie de la zone émergée. C’est dans la région du Djebel el Kébar, située sur la bordure est de la zone de Kasserine, qu’une étude détaillée des dépôts de la période Eocène moyen-Miocène a été menée. Dans la série étudiée, quatre discontinuités majeures se corrèlent sur l’ensemble du site. Entre ces discontinuités, se succèdent trois ensembles sédimentaires : carbonaté glauconieux et argileux (I), carbonaté (II), sablo-conglomératique et argilo-sableux (III). Les résultats paléontologiques et biostratigraphiques. - Un important gisement à faune marine et continentale a été découvert au Djebel el Kébar dans les dépôts glauconitiques marins du premier ensemble sédimentaire (I). La faune, très riche, est alors constituée de nombreuses formes marines (sélaciens, raies, siréniens, etc.) et continentales (rongeurs, hyracoïdes et primate). Les datations inédites indiquent un âge bartonien, pour ces dépôts. Les résultats sédimentologiques. - Treize faciès ont été identifiés et cartographiés grâce à des conditions d’affleurement exceptionnelles au Djebel el Kébar. Les paléo-environnements ont été reconstitués et leur succession montrent le passage d’un milieu de plate-forme carbonatée très peu profonde dominée par la houle et influencée par les tempêtes et la marée, à un système sablo-conglomératique et argileux, fluviatile et d’embouchure estuarienne. L’évolution tectono-sédimentaire et séquentielle. - Un découpage séquentiel a été proposé, dans lequel, de part et d’autre de discontinuités essentiellement d’origine tectonique, trois séquences dont les durées (> 3 Ma), compatibles avec le second ordre de Vail et al. [1991], sont très partiellement préservées. Dans ces séquences, l’essentiel de la série étudiée se met en place dans les cortèges transgressifs et les prismes de hauts niveaux marins. Les zones fossilifères semblent alors associées à plusieurs épisodes de condensation, intervenant au sein d’un cortège transgressif d’un cycle de second ordre. Conclusion. - Le premier résultat inédit de ce travail a été de mettre évidence et de dater des dépôts marins plus anciens que le Miocène moyen au Djebel el Kébar, en Tunisie centrale. La zone étudiée n’est donc pas dans la partie émergée de la zone de Kasserine à l’Eocène. Entre le Bartonien et le Miocène inférieur, les faciès marins évoluent au sein d’un environnement de plate-forme carbonatée très peu profonde. Un événement majeur (flexuration couplée à une chute eustatique au Miocène) provoquerait ensuite un changement de profil de dépôts, l’arrivée de matériel terrigène grossier et l’installation d’un système sédimentaire fluviatile et d’embouchure sableuse. Enfin l’ensemble de la série sédimentaire enregistre des fluctuations tectono-eustatiques, responsables de plusieurs séquences de second ordre, partiellement préservées.

Nicotine is a substance widely consumed globally as a drug. Due to its toxic nature and high solubility in water, it poses a significant threat to water quality. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of forming aerobic granules from nicotine-acclimated activated sludge and examine the capability of these aerobic granules for nicotine degradation. The acclimation process led to the complete degradation of 500 mg/L of nicotine. Ultimately, the effluent concentrations of nicotine and COD were 3.4 mg/L and 53 mg/L, respectively, with the system achieving removal efficiencies of 99.14% for nicotine and 89.16% for COD. Additionally, a 6-hour cycle (1 minute filling, 10-1 minute settling, 1 minute discharge, and the remaining time for aeration) resulted in the formation of granules with diameters ranging from 2-4 millimeters and a round shape, exhibiting high strength. After 60 days, the SVI30/SVI5 ratio reached 1.0. The granular sludge showed higher extracellular polymeric substances and protein content compared to flocculent sludge, with a protein-to-polysaccharide ratio of 2.64. Furthermore, to assess the aerobic granules' ability to degrade and tolerate nicotine toxicity, the nicotine concentration was increased to twice the adapted concentration (1000 mg/L), resulting in a COD removal efficiency of 90.2% in the aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor.

Cakupan pemberian ASI di Indonesia sebesar 56 %. Data tersebut masih dibawah target nasional ASI ekslusif yaitu 80%. Hal ini dapat mengakibatkan gizi buruk dan stunting. Rendahnya pemberian ASI ekslusif salah satunya akibat ketidaklancaran produksi ASI. Upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi ASI adalah dengan pijat Marmet. Tujuan dari studi kasus ini adalah untuk menerapkan perawatan payudara dengan pijat Marmet untuk meningkatkan produksi ASI pada ibu post sectio caessaria. Metode yang digunakan adalah desain deskriptif melalui pendekatan proses keperawatan. Subyek studi kasus yaitu ibu post partum dengan sectio caesarea sejumlah 3 orang . Penerapan perawatan payudara dengan pijat Marmet dilakukan sehari dua kali selama tiga hari.Pijat Marmet dilakukan dengan tiga langkah yaitu pemijatan ,mengusap dan mengguncang payudara untuk mengeluarkan ASI. Evaluasi keberhasilan dengan menggunakan lembar observasi yang menunjukkan kualitas menyusui, peningkatan produksi ASI kumulatif dan produksi urin bayi. Hasil studi kasus menunjukkkan Terjadi peningkatan produksi ASI rata rata 42 ml perhari. Pijat Marmet menstimulasi hormon prolaktin dan oksitosin sehingga meningkatkan produksi ASI dan refleks pengeluaran ASI menjadi optimal. Simpulan studi kasus didapatkan bahwa perawatan payudara dengan pijat Marmet berpengaruh untuk meningkatkan produksi ASI. Berdasar studi kasus aplikasi perawatan payudara dengan pijat Marmet direkomendasikan untuk perawatan payudara ibu dengan post partum

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a dominantly inherited disorder caused by mutation at the locus for the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and is frequently associated with premature coronary artery disease and aortic valve involvement. The surgical treatment of these complications is accompanied by a high degree of risk, even in skillful hands. An intensive cholesterol-lowering therapy and LDL aphaeresis in association with surgery may be useful. The case of a 12-year-old girl, with a medical history of familial hypercholesterolemia is reported here, operated two years previously for valvular aortic stenosis; Ross intervention was done. She was readmitted for acute coronary syndrome. Three coronary artery bypass grafting was performed with saphenous veins with positive results.

Character education needs to be based on religion and associated with education, as is the opinion of one of the scholars, namely Sheikh Nawawi Al-Bantani, regarding moral education. This research aims to analyze the relevance of current character education to the thoughts of Sheikh Nawawi Al-Bantani. The method used in this research is literature study. Researchers collect literature relevant to this research such as from scientific articles, books and other sources. The data obtained was then analyzed using data reduction techniques, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that Sheikh Nawawi Al Bantani’s thoughts are very relevant to the current concept of Indonesian education, namely the independent curriculum, which includes the Project for Strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile (P5) and the Rahmatan lil Alamin Lesson Profile (PPRA). This relevance is related to the dimensions of P5-PPRA such as; Be civilized (ta’addub); b) Exemplary (qudwah); c) Citizenship and nationality (muwatanah); d) Taking the middle path (tawassut); e) Balanced (tawazun); f) Straight and firm (I’tidal); g) Equality (musawah); h) Deliberation (shura); i) Tolerance (tasamuh); j) Dynamic and innovative (tatawwur wa ibtikar). From these dimensions, it can be seen that P5-PPRA links Pancasila values with moral cultivation.

Prevalensi hipertensi terutama pada kelompok lansia di Indonesia semakin meningkat mencapai 63,2%. Hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol bisa mengakibatkan komplikasi seperti gagal jantung, stroke, ginjal, dan sindrom metabolik hingga kematian. Penatalaksanaan hipertensi dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan terapi non farmakologi berupa penerapan rebusan daun sirsak. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan rebusan daun sirsak agar menurunkan tekanan darah pada lansia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah case report dengan multicase study melalui pendekatan asuhan keperawatan yang melibatkan 2 lansia yang mengalami hipertensi primer, berusia >45 tahun dan tidak sedang mengkonsumsi obat hipertensi. Daun sirsak direbus dengan 300ml air dan 10 gram daun sirsak selama 15 menit menggunakan api kecil hingga tersisa 150 ml. Kemudian air disaring dan disajikan selagi hangat. Intervensi diberikan dua kali sehari pagi dan sore selama tujuh hari. Pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan menggunakan tensimeter digital dengan jeda waktu 5 menit sebelum dan 30 menit setelah intervensi. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penurunan tekanan darah pada kedua subjek dengan nilai rata-rata penurunan tekanan darah sistolik sebesar 9,92 mmHg sedangkan diastolik sebesar 3,55 mmHg. Berdasarkan kesimpulan tersebut saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu meningkatkan partisipasi keluarga dalam penerapan rebusan daun sirsak untuk menurunkan tekanan darah lansia yang mengalami hipertensi.

A 12-year-old boy with coarctation of aorta developed infective endarteritis and mycotic aneurysm at the site distal to coarctation. The computed tomography angiogram was very helpful in the diagnosis. Medical management and early surgical intervention was curative. Infective endarteritis in coarctation may be underdiagnosed.

The Halal Product Guarantee Organizing Agency (BPJPH) is implementing the mandate of the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia which is targeting 10 million halal-certified products by October 2024 to make Indonesia the world's halal center. BPJPH has implemented various strategies to realize this target. Through this qualitative research, it was found that by early 2024 it had been realized that 4,591,573 products are halal certified. The strategy that best shows its optimality in achieving this realization is the existence of a self-declared halal certification registration route, the SiHalal application, and the Sehati program. With the success of the strategy and realization of halal certification, BPJPH won two awards from prestigious events in the field of Information Technology in the form of the TOP Digital Award 2023.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes de novo synthesis of glutamine that facilitates cancer cell growth. In the liver, GS functions next to the urea cycle to remove ammonia waste. As a dysregulated urea cycle is implicated in cancer development, the impact of GS's ammonia clearance function has not been explored in cancer. Here, we show that oncogenic activation of β-catenin (encoded by CTNNB1) led to a decreased urea cycle and elevated ammonia waste burden. While β-catenin induced the expression of GS, which is thought to be cancer promoting, surprisingly, genetic ablation of hepatic GS accelerated the onset of liver tumors in several mouse models that involved β-catenin activation. Mechanistically, GS ablation exacerbated hyperammonemia and facilitated the production of glutamate-derived nonessential amino acids, which subsequently stimulated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of mTORC1 and glutamic transaminases suppressed tumorigenesis facilitated by GS ablation. While patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, especially those with CTNNB1 mutations, have an overall defective urea cycle and increased expression of GS, there exists a subset of patients with low GS expression that is associated with mTORC1 hyperactivation. Therefore, GS-mediated ammonia clearance serves as a tumor-suppressing mechanism in livers that harbor β-catenin activation mutations and a compromised urea cycle.

Abstract Background Follow-up of COVID-19 recovered patients to discover important adverse effects on other organs is required. The psychological health of COVID-19 patients may be affected after recovery. Aim We aimed to evaluate the association between adherence to the Nordic diet (ND) and psychological symptoms caused by COVID-19 after recovery. Method Dietary data on 246 qualified adults (123 cases and 123 controls). The dietary intake in this case-control study was calculated by a reliable and valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used to analyze participant’s anxiety, stress, depression, sleep quality, insomnia, and quality of life of participants. Results There was a significant inverse relationship between total anxiety, stress, and depression scores and the intake of whole grains (P

Abstract The study focuses on the control of nonlinear dynamic systems in the presence of parameter uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, and external disturbances. The lumped perturbation is assumed to be bounded within a polynomial in the system state with the polynomial parameters and degrees unknown a priori such that it accommodates a quite wider range dynamic systems. Based on the studies in recent super-twisting algorithm designs and the idea from adaptive sliding mode control for nonlinear systems with uncertainties, we propose a novel adaptive super-twisting algorithm with exponential reaching law, or exponential super-twisting algorithm (ESTA), for the high-stability and acceptable accuracy control of the aimed nonlinear dynamics. The stability analysis and practical finite-time (PFT) convergence are proven using Lyapunov theory and an intuitive analysis of the control behaviour. Simulations are performed to compare the proposed ESTA with the existing super-twisting method and the traditional proportional integral differential control. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ESTA in terms of the fastest settling time and the smallest overshoot.

Background/Aim: Back pain is one of the most common discomforts experienced by pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Interventions that can be done to overcome this are progressive muscle relaxation or acupressure at the BL 23 and GV 3 points. The aim was to determine the effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation with BL 23 and GV 3 acupressure to reduce low back pain in third trimester pregnant women. Methods: Quasi-experimental research design method with a two-group pretest and post-test design approach was conducted. The total sample was 88 with inclusion criteria-third trimester pregnant women who experienced back pain. Pain was measured with numerical rating scale (NRS) and analysed using Wilcoxon test. Results: The average reduction in back pain for pregnant women after progressive muscle relaxation was 2.12, while the average reduction in back pain for pregnant women after BL 23 and GV 3 acupressure was 1.50. There is a mean difference between the two (0.62), so it can be concluded that there was a difference in the effectiveness of reducing back pain for pregnant women in the third trimester between the progressive muscle relaxation intervention and the respondents' pain scale after the acupressure therapy intervention at points BL 23 and GV 3. Conclusion: Back pain for pregnant women in the third trimester can be treated with progressive muscle relaxation therapy or acupressure at points BL 23 and GV 3 to reduce back pain. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy was more effective. Progressive muscle relaxation can be done by pregnant women themselves when back pain occurs.

Exposure to space radiation substantially degrades satellite systems, provoking severe partial or, in some extreme cases, total failures. Electrostatic discharges (ESD), single event latch-up (SEL), and single event upsets (SEU) are among the most frequent causes of those reported satellite anomalies. The impact of space radiation dose on satellite equipment has been studied in-depth. This study conducts a statistical analysis to explore the relationships between low-Earth orbit (LEO) and geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite anomalies and particle concentrations, solar and geomagnetic activity in the period 2010–2022. Through a monthly and daily timescale analysis, the present work explores the temporal response of space disturbances on satellite systems and the periods when satellites are vulnerable to those disturbances.

This paper uses data from the 24 governorates in Tunisia over the period 2012–2020 to study the relationship between job insertion of higher education graduates into the formal labor market and a number of independent variables, namely active labor supply, labor demand, an active labor market policy program (named the CIVP program), and the waiting time for job insertion. The balanced panel, which includes 216 observations for each variable, was the basis of different tests and estimations. The results of the tests allowed the assessment of a fixed effects model and a long-term relationship using FMOLS and VECM models. Results show that, in the long term, active labor supply and the CIVP program have positive effects on the job insertion of higher education graduates. In contrast, the results in the short term do not appear significant, with a negative effect of the CIVP program that reflects the fact that companies exploit most of the benefits of this wage subsidy program on job insertion before final recruitment. Using the ARDL model, the individual results by governate show specific differences across areas.

For several decades, the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been an unsolved question of high-energy astrophysics. One approach for solving this puzzle is to correlate UHECRs with high-energy neutrinos, since neutrinos are a direct probe of hadronic interactions of cosmic rays and are not deflected by magnetic fields. In this paper, we present three different approaches for correlating the arrival directions of neutrinos with the arrival directions of UHECRs. The neutrino data are provided by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory and ANTARES, while the UHECR data with energies above ∼50 EeV are provided by the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array. All experiments provide increased statistics and improved reconstructions with respect to our previous results reported in 2015. The first analysis uses a high-statistics neutrino sample optimized for point-source searches to search for excesses of neutrino clustering in the vicinity of UHECR directions. The second analysis searches for an excess of UHECRs in the direction of the highest-energy neutrinos. The third analysis searches for an excess of pairs of UHECRs and highest-energy neutrinos on different angular scales. None of the analyses have found a significant excess, and previously reported overfluctuations are reduced in significance. Based on these results, we further constrain the neutrino flux spatially correlated with UHECRs.

IntroductionThe confluence of physiological and psychological dynamics is fundamental to athletic performance, particularly in basketball, where physical skill and mental resilience are imperative. While the role of verbal encouragement (VE) as a catalyst for enhancing performance has been explored in various sports disciplines, its specific effects within the basketball have not been adequately examined. Addressing this gap, the current study zeroes in on the influence of coach-delivered VE on the physiological and psychological responses of adolescent basketball players engaged in small-sided games (SSG), providing a focused analysis of how directed encouragement can modulate performance and experience in young athletes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of coach-delivered verbal encouragement on the psychological and physiological responses of adolescent basketball players.MethodsSixteen male participants (age: 16.93 ± 0.36 years; height: 176.8 ± 0.8 cm; body mass: 73.43 ± 12.57 kg; BMI: 21.70 ± 3.55) were allocated to a Verbal Encouragement Group (VEG, n = 8, mean age: 16.80 ± 0.44) and a Control Group (CG, n = 8, mean age: 17.06 ± 0.26). Each participant engaged in four sessions of small-sided games (SSGs) consisting of four players per side in a 14 × 10 m pitch.ResultsThe findings revealed significant benefits of coach-delivered verbal encouragement on both the physical and psychophysiological responses of the players (p

Air Susu Ibu (ASI) yang tidak dikeluarkan sampai tuntas dari duktus laktiferus dapat menyebabkan bendungan sehingga terjadi pembengkakan payudara. Akibat bendungan ASI menimbulkan nyeri payudara, puting tenggelam sehingga menyebabkan bayi sulit menyusu, mastitis sehingga pemberian ASI tidak adekuat. Nyeri akibat pembengkakan payudara dapat dikurangi dengan kompres hangat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menerapan kompres hangat pada ibu post partum untuk menurunkan pembengkakan payudara. Studi ini menggunakan metode desktiptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus dilaksanakan pada Juli 2023, di Rumah Sakit pada 3 subyek studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu ibu post sectio caesarea yang mengalami pembengkakan payudara pada hari ketiga. Kompres hangat jenis basah diberikan selama 20 menit menggunakan stopwatch dilakukan 1 kali sehari dalam waktu 3 hari berturut-turut. Suhu air 40,5 ͦC – 43,0 ͦC. Pengukuan bendungan ASI menggunakan Scalla Engorgement Six Point (SPES). Pengukuran dilakukan sebelum dan setelah tindakan. Penerapan kompres hangat mampu menurunkan pembengakakan payudara pada pasien post partum SC. Kompres hangat akan memberi efek vasodilatasi otot polos pada pembuluh darah. Efek vasodilatasi pembuluh darah akan meningkatkan suplai hormon oksitosin pada payudara, nyeri payudara menurun, kenyamanan dalam menyusui meningkat, sehingga menyusui lebih sering dan bendungan ASI menurun. Terdapat perubahan rata-rata skala antara 2-3 dari hari pertama hingga hari terahir, subjek I sebelum diberikan skala 6 menjadi 3, pada subjek II sebelum diberikan skala nyeri 6 menjadi 5, sedangkan pada subjek III sebelum diberikan skala nyeri 6 menjadi 3.

The relationship between economic growth and the development of financial systems has been analyzed from different perspectives for a long time. This paper addresses the effects of the informal economy on the relationship between financial development and economic growth, using a panel data covering 20 countries during the period 1993–2020. The results show that financial development, as measured by the IMF’s Financial Development Index, is positively associated with economic growth (the coefficient α1 related to financial development fd is positive and statistically significant at 5%). The results also show that large sizes of the informal economy moderate the influence of this association (α1 remains positive and statistically significant at 1%, while the coefficient α2 related to the interaction between financial development and informal economy, fd and ie, is negative and statistically significant at 1%). In effect, financial development has the greatest impact on economic growth whenever there is control over the informal economy’s size. Inversely, a favorable ground for the informal economy limits the positive association between financial development and economic growth. However, the results show the absence of a causality relationship between financial development and economic growth (W-bar = 1.0015 and Z-bar = 0.0048; p-value = 0.9980). The informal economy plays no role in making this type of link significant (W-bar = 0.9761 and Z-bar = -0.0756; p-value = 0.9520).

The purpose of the assistance is to introduce school culture, student character and learning processes to prospective teachers before becoming educators. The implementation method is with lectures and mentoring by mentors (principals and teachers) which are carried out for 2 weeks during school effective hours. Media used: books, classrooms, teaching media, school environment. Implementation results: prospective educators, namely students, have a better understanding of school culture, get to know the character of students and increase their knowledge in the field of teaching because prospective educators (students) can practice good teaching methods in the classroom with the help of mentors.