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In this paper, we have analyzed the magneto-optic (MO) effects in three layer surface plasmon polariton (SPP) slab waveguides in a longitudinal configuration which the applied magnetic field is parallel to the interfaces and the longitudinal wave propagation direction. Different configurations of layers for metal-insulator-metal (MIM) with ferromagnetic dielectric or metal layers are analyzed. We have derived the exact dispersion relation with considering MO effects for all three layers by separation of variables method. Because of coupling between SPP modes, all components of the electromagnetic field are created, hence we do not have pure TM modes in this configuration. We have shown the conversion of the transverse magnetic (TM) to transverse electric (TE) SPP mode in these anisotropic waveguides in a wide band wavelength range with high field confinement. These configurations could be used to design devices, such as isolators, modulators and switches in photonic integrated circuits (PICs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The welding process of the aluminum alloys 7075 T6 is increasingly used in the aeronautical industry. The use of this welding process requires a good understanding of the microstructure generated by the rapid temperature rise in the HAZ (heat affected zone). Before using the TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding process, the aluminium alloys 7075 T6 were heat treated at different temperatures. After the welding, it has been found that the strength of the Material used in the HAZ (heat affected zone) was reduced due to different phenomenal that occurred during the TIG welding process. Also, the correlations between the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties are discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the case study of a young patient who was found to have slight mobility of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. radiographs had revealed an abnormal dentition and the patient informed a similar case in two of her family members. Instances of root-less teeth reportedly occur rarely and are considered to be hereditary.

Background: The management of hip fracture patients has been challenging across the UK in the wake of emergency coronavirus disease 2019 guidelines., Aims: This retrospective, observational cohort study analyses the impact of the first lockdown during the early part of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the management of hip fracture patients at a district general hospital in the UK., Methods: Comparative analysis to assess hip fracture patients treated at this Trust between 1 April to 31 May 2019 and 1 April to 31 May 2020 was undertaken. The primary outcome measures appraised were 30 and 60-day mortality and the secondary outcome measure included time to surgery., Results: There was a higher 30 and 60-day mortality rate in the first lockdown period at 8.1% and 13.5%, respectively, compared to 1.96% and 5.88% in 2019. A significantly lower proportion of hip fracture patients at 59.46% were operated within the 36h target time frame during the first lockdown., Conclusion: In our Trust, hip fractures were treated as obligatory injuries. However, the mortality was higher in the 2020 cohort with a significant reduction in patients achieving the recommended '36 hours' time to surgery target and accruement of Best Practice Tariff. Enhanced infection control strategies have prepared us for the future.

Recent experiments suggest graphene-based materials as candidates in future electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we propose to investigate new photodetectors based on graphene nanomeshes (GNMs). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to gain insight into electronic and optical characteristics of various GNM structures. To investigate the device-level properties of GNMs, their current-voltage characteristics are explored by DFT-based tight-binding (DFTB) in combination with non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) methods. Band structure analysis shows that GNMs have both metallic and semiconducting properties depending on the arrangements of perforations. Also, absorption spectrum analysis indicates attractive infrared peaks for GNMs with semiconducting characteristics, making them better photodetectors than graphene nanoribbon (GNR)-based alternatives. The results suggest that GNMs can be potentially used in mid-infrared detectors with specific detectivity values that are 100-fold that of graphene-based devices and 1000-fold that of GNR-based devices. Hence, the special properties of graphene combined with the quantum feathers of the perforation makes it suitable for optical devices., (Copyright © 2020, Sakkaki et al.; licensee Beilstein-Institut.)

Background: Physical activity in the elderly is influenced by aspects of aging that cause personal, mental, environmental, and social changes. Increases in factors that are barriers to activity cause physical energy expenditure to decrease., Objectives: The aim of the present study was to survey the relationship between energy expenditure in metabolic equivalent units (MET) and factors that are barriers to physical activity in elderly people in Kashan, Iran., Methods: This is a descriptive analysis done in 2014. The study population was 400 people above 60 years old in medical facilities in Kashan. Multistage sampling was used in 10 clinics in 5 areas of Kashan. The sample size was varied according to gender and elderly population. Contributors were given questionnaires concerning energy expenditure levels in physical activity and factors that are barriers to being active., Results: The average age among the study population was 67.6 ± 6.8 years median, and the interquartile range (IQR) of barriers to physical activity among Kashan's elderly was (8.75) ± 33. Average energy expenditure was 326.21 ± 364.84 based on metabolic equivalent units (MET). In fact, 340 persons (85%) were practically without any active energy expenditure. The most common barrier was the lack of an appropriate place for doing physical activity; 298 (74%) of the participants cited this barrier. The results show the Spearman rank-order correlation is significant (P = 0.038, r = 0.104) between barriers to physical activity and activity energy expenditure in Kashan's elderly., Conclusions: Decreasing barriers to physical activity among the elderly causes physical activities to increase; therefore, energy expenditure is increased. Decreasing social and environmental problems for the elderly is effective in increasing physical activity and energy expenditure.