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Mycosis fungoides, also known as granuloma fungoides or Alibert-Bazin syndrome, is the most common form of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. In the early course of the disease, the skin lesions have significant overlap with many other primary cutaneous disorders like psoriasis, eczema, and tinea infections. Hence, early suspicion, prompt diagnosis by histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, and regular follow-up are of utmost importance. Here we present a trilogy of cases of mycosis fungoides with varied skin lesions.

Background: Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), previously known as juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia, is a rare, unique, and aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasm of early childhood. Making a diagnosis of JMML is challenging because of the overlapping clinical and haematological features with other myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). However, some unique features like monocytosis, the absence of BCR-ABL translocation, and the presence of specific mutations (PTPN-11, K-RAS, N-RAS, CBL, or NF1) clinch the correct diagnosis. Methods: A prospective analysis of six JMML patients with variable clinical features treated with injection azacytidine as frontline therapy during the study period of 2 years. Results: The median age was 4.5 years with male:female ratio 2:4. Pallor and splenomegaly were the most common presenting signs. Four patients (66.67%) achieved complete remission (CR), two patients (33.33%) had partial remission (PR), and one patient (16.67%) had progressive disease (PD). The overall survival rate was 66.67% (four out of six), and the mortality rate was 33.33%. Conclusion: Azacitidine is an effective treatment option as upfront therapy for JMML, especially in resource poor developing countries.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase positive (ALK+ve) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) is a rare, aggressive subtype of diffuse LBCL with unique morphological characteristics and unusual immunophenotypic features that have substantial overlap with other hematologic and nonhematologic neoplasms. Here, we present a 48-year-old male who presented with progressive swelling on both sides of the neck and left eye followed by protruding mass in the left nose over a span of 6 months. Based on the biopsy findings of the left nasal mass, a plasma cell neoplasm was initially diagnosed; later on the diagnosis was modified as ALK + ve LBCL based on the aggressive clinical course and biopsy findings of cervical lymph node. The patient was started on chemotherapy and is tolerating well.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) are a popular assessment method because they enable automated evaluation, flexible administration and use with huge groups. Despite these benefits, the manual construction of MCQs is challenging, time-consuming and error-prone. This is because each MCQ is comprised of a question called the "stem", a correct option called the "key" along with alternative options called "distractors" whose construction demands expertise from the MCQ developers. In addition, there are different kinds of MCQs such as Wh-type, Fill-in-the-blank, Odd one out, and many more needed to assess understanding at different cognitive levels. Automatic Question Generation (AQG) for developing heterogeneous MCQ stems has generally followed two approaches: semantics-based and machine-learning-based. Questions generated via AQG techniques can be utilized only if they are grammatically correct. Semantics-based techniques have been able to generate a range of different types of grammatically correct MCQs but require the semantics to be specified. In contrast, most machine-learning approaches have been primarily able to generate only grammatically correct Fill-in-the-blank/Cloze by reusing the original text. This paper describes a technique for combining semantic-based and machine-learning-based techniques to generate grammatically correct MCQ stems of various types for a technical domain. Expert evaluation of the resultant MCQ stems demonstrated that they were promising in terms of their usefulness and grammatical correctness.

The tailoring of porous silica thin films synthesized using perfluoroalkylpyridinium chloride surfactants as templating agents is achieved as a function of carbon dioxide processing conditions and surfactant tail length and branching. Well-ordered films with 2D hexagonal close-packed pore structure are obtained from sol−gel synthesis using the following cationic fluorinated surfactants as templates:  1-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-octyl)pyridinium chloride (HFOPC), 1-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,8,8,8-dodecafluoro-7-trifluoromethyl -octyl)pyridinium chloride (HFDoMePC), and 1-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluoro-decyl)pyridinium chloride (HFDePC). Processing the sol−gel film with CO2(69−172 bar, 25 and 45 °C) immediately after coating results in significant increases in pore diameter relative to the unprocessed thin films (increasing from 20% to 80% depending on surfactant template and processing conditions). Pore expansion increases with CO2processing pressure, surfactant tail length, and surfactant branching. The varying degree of CO2induced expansion is attributed to the solvation of the “CO2-philic” fluorinated tail and is interpreted from interfacial behavior of HFOPC, HFDoMePC, and HFDePC at the CO2−water interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]