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Abstract CSF‐1 is a key factor in regulating bone remodeling; osteocytes express CSF‐1 and its receptor. Viable osteocytes are essential for bone remodeling through cell–cell contact and secretion of factors that regulate osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Increased oxidative stress contributes to osteocyte death and correlates with bone loss during aging. The NADPH oxidase Nox4 is a major source of ROS in bone. CSF‐1 decreases Nox4, suggesting that CSF‐1 protects against oxidative stress. Here, we show that osteocyte apoptosis previously reported in our global CSF‐1KO mice is associated with increased Nox4, as well as 4‐HNE expression in osteocytes. Osteocytes isolated from CSF‐1KO mice were less viable and showed increased intracellular ROS, elevated NADPH oxidase activity/Nox4 protein, activation of mTOR/S6K, and downstream apoptosis signals compared with WT osteocytes. Nox4 expression was also increased in CSF‐1KO osteocytes and colocalized with MitoTracker Red in mitochondria. Notably, CSF‐1 inhibited Nox4 expression and apoptosis cascade signals. In additional studies, shNox4 decreased these signals in CSF‐1KO osteocytes, whereas overexpression of Nox4 in WT osteocytes activated the apoptosis pathway. To determine the role of CSF‐1 in osteocytes, DMP1Cre‐CSF‐1cKO (CSF‐1cKO) mice that lack CSF‐1 in osteocytes/late osteoblasts were developed. Osteocyte defects in CSF‐1cKO mice overlapped with those in CSF‐1KO mice, including increased apoptosis, Nox4, and 4‐HNE‐expressing osteocytes. CSF‐1cKO mice showed unbalanced cancellous bone remodeling with decreased bone formation and resorption. Continued exposure to high Nox4/ROS levels may further compromise bone formation and predispose to bone loss and skeletal fragility. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel link between CSF‐1, Nox4‐derived ROS, and osteocyte survival/function that is crucial for osteocyte‐mediated bone remodeling. Results reveal new mechanisms by which CSF‐1/oxidative stress regulate osteocyte homeostasis, which may lead to therapeutic strategies to improve skeletal health in aging. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Without a commitment to diversity in sources, stories and staff, college papers are not living up to their potential as a training ground for future journalists who will be expected [...]

Fifty-five years ago the 1962-1963 school year had barely begun when Sidna Brower, the new editor of The Mississippian, the University of Mississippi student newspaper, was covering the murder of a newsman on campus, reporting on a race riot and facing censure by the student senate for an editorial she wrote calling on students to respect the law. She would receive a nomination for the Pulitzer Prize for her editorials written after James Meredith’s admission to the university and also the disdain of her sorority sisters for not speaking out against his admission. She established a scholarship in memory of the murdered newsman, Paul Guihard. The censure resolution stood for forty years, Guihard’s murderer was never identified, and Brower went on to own a weekly newspaper in New Jersey, using the journalistic philosophy she honed while a college senior to lead an award-winning paper in suburban New York City. Brower was not alone among university editors in the South who faced down their peers and took strong positions related to segregation. Her story is unique because although she favored integration, she never advocated for desegregation, believing it would increase the animosity on campus. The desegregation of other universities across the South was contentious, but, for the most part, campus opposition did not rise to the level of a riot, nor was the U.S. Army needed to enforce federal desegregation court orders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a survey designed to identify the commitment to diversity, only 36 percent of the respondents said they made efforts to hire minorities, and 31 percent had programs to increase minority stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a study that examined U.S. college newspapers in the context of diversity statements, ethics codes and staffing. The underlying premises of this study is that professional newsrooms look to college newsrooms to prepare future journalists and issues of diversity are not and should not be debated from the perspective of a majority looking at a minority but rather people looking at people and viewing their issues and sources with equal validity. The study found only four schools, or 10.2 percent, that participated had written guidelines that covered diversity issues at the student newspaper leaving 35 schools, or 89.8 percent, of the schools without written diversity guidelines. The overwhelming lack of written guidelines for diversity coverage in college newspapers found in this study is vitally important in the field of research, professional media and student publications. A written commitment to diversity in reporting provides a standard for writers to follow. If a standard is implemented early in the education of a journalist, a commitment to diversity has an increased chance of becoming part of the journalist's mantra that already includes fairness, balance and accuracy.

The purpose of this study was to explore advanced practice students' perceptions, self-confidence, and satisfaction with clinical simulation as a learning tool. The simulation was part of a health assessment course with 69 students, 25 of whom had no RN experience. On average, students were undecided but trended toward agreement that each key simulation feature was present in the simulation. Students without experience were significantly less likely to feel supported during the simulation and to endorse the appropriateness of the selected problem for the simulation. Upon multiple regression analysis, only fidelity was significantly associated with self-confidence (p = .003).