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Ralf P Friedrich,1 Mona Kappes,1 Iwona Cicha,1 Rainer Tietze,1 Christian Braun,2 Regine Schneider-Stock,3 Roland Nagy,4 Christoph Alexiou,1 Christina Janko1 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, 91054, Germany; 2Institute of Legal Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, 80336, Germany; 3Experimental Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany; 4Department Elektrotechnik-Elektronik-Informationstechnik (EEI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, GermanyCorrespondence: Christina Janko, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Glückstrasse 10a, Erlangen, 91054, Germany, Tel +49 9131 85 33142, Fax +49 9131 85 34808, Email christina.janko@uk-erlangen.deAbstract: Label-free detection of nanoparticles is essential for a thorough evaluation of their cellular effects. In particular, nanoparticles intended for medical applications must be carefully analyzed in terms of their interactions with cells, tissues, and organs. Since the labeling causes a strong change in the physicochemical properties and thus also alters the interactions of the particles with the surrounding tissue, the use of fluorescently labeled particles is inadequate to characterize the effects of unlabeled particles. Further, labeling may affect cellular uptake and biocompatibility of nanoparticles. Thus, label-free techniques have been recently developed and implemented to ensure a reliable characterization of nanoparticles.This review provides an overview of frequently used label-free visualization techniques and highlights recent studies on the development and usage of microscopy systems based on reflectance, darkfield, differential interference contrast, optical coherence, photothermal, holographic, photoacoustic, total internal reflection, surface plasmon resonance, Rayleigh light scattering, hyperspectral and reflectance structured illumination imaging. Using these imaging modalities, there is a strong enhancement in the reliability of experiments concerning cellular uptake and biocompatibility of nanoparticles, which is crucial for preclinical evaluations and future medical applications.Keywords: label free imaging, nanoparticle detection, non-fluorescent imaging, reflectance imaging, holotomography, scattering microscopy

In this letter, we report the first infrared spectrum of C762-. This multiply charged anion has been studied in an electrodynamic ion trap held at room temperature using tunable infrared radiation from a free-electron laser. Resonant vibrational excitation is found to cause electron detachment and the resulting singly negatively charged as well as the remaining doubly charged parent ion are monitored as a function of IR wavelength in an experimental scheme that we term infrared multiphoton electron detachment spectroscopy. The obtained IR spectra are contrasted to computed vibrational spectra using density functional theory. The dianionic molecule retains its overall symmetry (i.e., D2 point group) with a 1A1 ground state with respect to the neutral fullerene. Spectral shifts of characteristic tangential modes relative to the neutral cage are shown to originate from the excess charge density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We probe the repulsive Coulomb barrier of the doubly charged anion PtBr42- by photodetachment spectroscopy. The results are discussed in terms of models for the photoemission process, the excitation spectrum of PtBr42-, and calculations of the energy-dependent tunneling probability for various model potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to develop the foundation for an interactive corrosion risk management tool for assessing the probability of failure of equipment/infrastructure as a function of threats (such as pitting corrosion and coating degradation) and mitigation schemes (such as inhibitors and coatings). The application of this work was to assist with corrosion management and maintenance planning of equipment/infrastructure given dynamic changes in environmental conditions. Markov models are developed to estimate pitting damage accumulation density distributions as a function of input parameters for pit nucleation and growth rates. The input parameters are selected based upon characterization with experimental or field observations over a sufficiently long period of time. Model predictions are benchmarked against laboratory pitting corrosion tests and long-term atmospheric exposure data for aluminum alloys, obtained from the literature. The models are also used to examine hypothetical scenarios for the probability of failure in pipeline systems subject to sudden, gradual, and episodic events that change the corrosive conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion fatigue crack growth rates were obtained for X65 pipeline steel in acid brines containing thiosulfate (S2O32-) or hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Samples were exposed for 72 h at the open-circuit potential to allow bulk hydrogen charging. The corrosion fatigue crack growth rate increased with partial pressure of H2S and correlated with the steady-state flux of hydrogen permeation during corrosion in the same solutions. The rate of hydrogen absorption increased with increasing S2O32- concentration to a maximum at 10-3 M S2O32-. owing to a competition between increased surface concentration of H2S from S2O2-3 reduction and increased rate of iron sulfide film formation. Corrosion fatigue behavior in S2O2-3-containing acidified brines is the same as in solutions with low partial pressures of H2S, in accordance with predictions from the hydrogen permeation results. This suggests that, for corrosion fatigue studies. S2O32- solutions are possible candidates for replacement of H2S gas. as long as the H2S partial pressure of interest is low. Also, the expected concentration of hydrogen inside the metal specimen at the end of the exposure period correlates with the rate of corrosion fatigue crack growth, suggesting that hydrogen charged during the pre-charging period controls corrosion fatigue crack growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion rate of carbon steel in acidified, thiosulfate-containing brines increased with thiosulfate content. Thiosulfate also increased the rate of cathodic and anodic reactions, as measured in polarization curves obtained shortly after immersion of the electrode. Current from iron dissolution w a s b a lanced by hydrogen evolution and reduction of thiosulfate to produce hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide production represented a large fraction of the open-circuit corrosion current. Carbon steel specimens exposed to thiosulfate-containing solutions developed a film on their surface, composed of iron sulfide and cementite. The film was a good conductor of electrons and non-passivating. The rate of cathodic reactions measured for the film-covered electrode was faster than in the absence of the film, suggesting it is a good catalyst for reduction reactions. The ability of acidified, thiosulfate-containing brines to simulate hydrogen sulfide solutions was critically analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion tests with gaseous H2S require special facilities with safety features, because H2S is a toxic and flammable gas. The possibility of replacing H2S with thiosulfate (S2O32 - ), a non-toxic anion, for studying stress corrosion cracking of stainless and carbon steels in H2S solutions was first proposed by Tsujikawa in 1993. H2S production was detected in presence of carbon steel corroding in acidified thiosulfate-containing solutions. In this paper, the kinetics of H2S evolution are used to estimate the range of partial pressure of H2S that can be simulated with thiosulfate solutions. It was determined that acid brines containing 10-4 M and 10-3 M S2O32 - could be used for replacing continuous bubbling of dilute H2S/N2 mixtures in tests of degradation of carbon steels, with H2S partial pressures ranging between 0.03 and 0.56 kPa. The kinetics of H2S production were compared with the amount of sulfur in side reactions, like formation of iron sulfide films and elemental sulfur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrosion behavior of different tempers of two aluminum alloys, AA7050 and an experimental Al-Mg-Cu-Si alloy, was studied in NaCl solution by anodic polarization and scanning electron microscopy and was correlated with differences in the microstructure. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments were performed on samples from the exact sheets used by others to study the microstructure evolution during the early stages of the precipitation sequence by high-resolution characterization tools [i.e., high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography (APT)]. The usefulness of information from these state-of-the-art tools to lead to a better understanding about the effects of nanoscale segregation on localized corrosion of aluminum alloys is discussed. APT was able to provide information about the composition of the solid solution matrix region between the fine-scale hardening particles, which is not possible by any other technique. Some of the changes in corrosion behavior, e.g., the breakdown potentials, with temper could be rationalized based on changes in the matrix composition. The formation of corrosion-susceptible surface layers on as-polished AA7050 depended on the predominant type of hardening particle. The lack of detailed knowledge of the grain boundary region limited the applicability of the microstructural information generated by previous studies for understanding intergranular corrosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collinear laser/molecular beam photodepletion spectroscopy has developed into a powerful tool for the determination of electronic absorption in neutral alkali metal clusters free of perturbing matrix effects. We briefly discuss the method, present data on selected Na and LiNa, x≤20, contrast measurements with the known optical response of larger colloidal metal clusters, compare microcluster spectra with the predictions of various models and speculate on future experimental and theoretical developments in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, we report the first infrared spectrum of C762-. This multiply charged anion has been studied in an electrodynamic ion trap held at room temperature using tunable infrared radiation from a free-electron laser. Resonant vibrational excitation is found to cause electron detachment and the resulting singly negatively charged as well as the remaining doubly charged parent ion are monitored as a function of IR wavelength in an experimental scheme that we term infrared multiphoton electron detachment spectroscopy. The obtained IR spectra are contrasted to computed vibrational spectra using density functional theory. The dianionic molecule retains its overall symmetry (i.e., D2 point group) with a 1A1 ground state with respect to the neutral fullerene. Spectral shifts of characteristic tangential modes relative to the neutral cage are shown to originate from the excess charge density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Critically ill patients and their families benefit from spiritual care. There is limited evidence on how spiritual care is delivered in intensive care units (ICUs)., Aim: The objective of this review was to determine how nurses include spiritual care for patients and families in ICUs., Methodology: A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology guidelines, with results reported using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines from March to April 2023. PubMed, Scopus by Elsevier, Web of Science (WOS), and the Ebsco search engine were consulted, including databases such as Medline Complete, Cinhal, and Academic Search Ultimate using the keywords: Nursing care, ICU, spirituality. Articles with qualitative and quantitative approaches of any design describing spirituality in nursing care for patients or families in ICUs were included, excluding editorials and letters to the editor. The time frame ranged from 2015 to 2023, with no language restrictions., Results: A total of 316 articles were retrieved, after removing duplicates and applying inclusion criteria with critical reading, 11 studies were included, 6 with a quantitative approach and 5 with a qualitative approach. Conditions for spiritual care are described highlighting the need for physical space and nurse-related conditions such as motivation and empathy. Personal, organizational, and team-related barriers to spiritual care exist. Facilitators for spiritual care are described such as preparation, communication, and the presence of chaplains., Conclusions: Nurses in ICUs have various ways to provide spiritual care to patients and families. These must be developed considering barriers such as physical space, personal, organizational, and team-related challenges., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflict of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2025 Sociedad Española de Enfermería Intensiva y Unidades Coronarias (SEEIUC). Published by Elsevier España S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Interprofessional education in health professions was developed to address the challenges of teamwork in health-related issues as realistically as possible. Based on the available evidence, a comprehensive perspective is necessary to learn from experience., Objective: To examine the challenges associated with the implementation of interprofessional education based on clinical simulation for students in health science programs., Methodology: A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology guidelines, with results reported using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, between September and November 2023. Databases such as PUBMED, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Research Rabbit were consulted, using the keywords: "Interprofessional Education by Simulation," "Clinical Simulation in Interprofessional Education," and "Interprofessional Simulation and Implementation." Articles with qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches of any design that described the implementation of interprofessional education based on clinical simulation in health science programs were included. The time frame spanned from 2015 to 2023, and articles were selected in English, Spanish, French, or Portuguese., Results: A total of 409 articles were retrieved; after removing duplicates and applying inclusion criteria with critical reading, 23 studies were included: 10 with a quantitative approach, 11 with a qualitative approach, and 2 with a mixed methods approach. Four key challenges in the implementation of SIM-IPE were highlighted. These challenges included logistical aspects, the importance of faculty training, issues with understanding the roles of other health disciplines, and obstacles in program coordination. Achieving successful implementation involved efficiently managing resources, overcoming curricular and technical obstacles, preparing for interprofessional reflection sessions, and addressing logistical and planning challenges through collaboration between academic programs., Conclusions: Four fundamental challenges were identified and analyzed, with a particular focus on logistical aspects, faculty training, interprofessional understanding, and program coordination., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Two symbiotic processes, nodulation and arbuscular mycorrhiza, are primarily controlled by the plant's need for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), respectively. Autoregulation of nodulation (AON) and autoregulation of mycorrhizal symbiosis (AOM) both negatively regulate their respective processes and share multiple components-plants that make too many nodules usually have higher arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungal root colonization. The protein TML (TOO MUCH LOVE) was shown to function in roots to maintain susceptibly to rhizobial infection under low N conditions and control nodule number through AON in Lotus japonicus . Medicago truncatula has two sequence homologs: Mt TML1 and Mt TML2. We report the generation of stable single and double mutants harboring multiple allelic variations in MtTML1 and MtTML2 using CRISPR-Cas9 targeted mutagenesis and screening of a transposon mutagenesis library. Plants containing single mutations in Mt TML1 or Mt TML2 produced two to three times the nodules of wild-type plants, whereas plants containing mutations in both genes displayed a synergistic effect, forming 20× more nodules compared to wild-type plants. Examination of expression and heterozygote effects suggests that genetic compensation may play a role in the observed synergy. Plants with mutations in both TML s only showed mild increases in AM fungal root colonization at later timepoints in our experiments, suggesting that these genes may also play a minor role in AM symbiosis regulation. The mutants created will be useful tools to dissect the mechanism of synergistic action of Mt TML1 and Mt TML2 in M. truncatula symbiosis with beneficial microbes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Chaulagain, Schnabel, Kappes, Lin, Müller and Frugoli.)

Background: Second victim is the name given to the healthcare personnel-most often a nursing professional-involved with the error that led to the adverse event to a patient and who, as a result, have experienced negative psychological effects. Research with second victims has increased over the years, however concerns exist with regards to the ethical risks imposed upon these individuals., Aim: To explore the extent to which research with second victims of adverse events in healthcare settings adhere to ethical requirements., Methods: A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework and using the following databases: PUBMED, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Original research of any study design focused on second victims and published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese in 2014-2023 were included. A critical narrative approach was used to discuss the findings., Ethical Considerations: The review followed ethical guidelines emphasizing accurate authorship attribution and truthful data reporting., Results: Fifteen studies using qualitative ( n = 2), quantitative ( n = 10), and mixed-method ( n = 3) designs were included. Over half were not assessed by a research ethics committee, with questionable reasons given by the authors. One-third did not refer to having used an informed consent. In two studies, participants were recruited by their workplace superiors, which could potentially right to autonomy and voluntary participation., Conclusion: Over half of the included studies with second victims did not comply with fundamental ethical aspects, with risk to inflict respect for individual autonomy, confidentiality, and of not causing any harm to participants., Implications for Nursing Research: Healthcare personnel involved in adverse events are most often nursing professionals; therefore, any breach of ethics in research with this population is likely to directly affect their rights as research participants. We provide recommendations to promote better research practices with second victims towards safeguarding their rights as research participants., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

The charging behavior of molecular Au clusters protected by alkanethiolate (SC n H 2n+1 =SCn) is, under electrochemical conditions, significantly affected by the penetration of solvents and electrolytes into the SCn layer. In this study, we estimated the charging energy E C (n) associated with [PtAu 24 (SCn) 18 ] - +e - →[PtAu 24 (SCn) 18 ] 2- (n=4, 8, 12, and 16) in vacuum using mass-selected gas-phase anion photoelectron spectroscopy of [PtAu 24 (SCn) 18 ] z (z=-1 and -2). The E C (n) values of PtAu 24 (SCn) 18 in vacuum are significantly larger than those in solution and decrease with n in contrast to the behavior reported for Au 25 (SCn) 18 in solution. The effective relative permittivity (ϵ m *) of the SCn layer in vacuum is estimated to be 2.3-2.0 based on the double-concentric-capacitor model. Much smaller ϵ m * values in vacuum than those in solution are explained by the absence of solvent/electrolyte penetration into the monolayer. The gradual decrease of ϵ m * with n is ascribed to the appearance of an exposed surface region due to the bundle formation of long alkyl chains., (© 2024 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Aim: This study aims to explore the "second victim" phenomenon in healthcare professions students following an adverse event., Background: In healthcare settings, adverse events affect not only patients but also the involved healthcare personnel, who experience a wide range of physical and psychological responses, a situation known as the second victim phenomenon. This phenomenon also extends to students in health-related professions during their clinical training, yet there needs to be more research specifically addressing this group., Design: A scoping review METHODS: This scoping review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. In December 2023, we conducted a comprehensive database search in PubMed, the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and the Virtual Health Library (VHL). The review included original research studies of any design that focused on the second victim phenomenon among students, published in English, Spanish, German or Portuguese, with no restrictions on the publication date. The review was reported according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines., Results: Seven studies were selected, primarily involving nursing and medical students. Common triggers of the second victim phenomenon in students were medication errors, patient falls and procedural errors. Described symptoms ranged from emotional distress, such as stress and hypervigilance, to physical symptoms, like sleep disturbances. Among the factors that influenced how this "second victim" phenomenon manifested in students were the reactions of their peers and the lack of support from supervisors. Contrary to the three possible outcomes described for professionals as second victims (surviving, thriving, or leaving), students are only described with two: giving up or moving on., Conclusion: The studies highlighted the crucial role of peer and supervisor support in managing such difficult situations. The results suggest that additional research is necessary in other healthcare disciplines. Educational and healthcare institutions should improve their preventive and management strategies to address the phenomenon's impact on students., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A qualitative study that provides evidence of the institutional support required by intensive care unit (ICU) nurses as second victims of adverse events (AEs)., Background: The phenomenon of second victims of AE in healthcare professionals can seriously impact professional confidence and contribute to the ongoing occurrence of AEs in hospitals., Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the coping trajectories of second victims among nurses working in ICUs in public hospitals in Chile., Methods: Conducting qualitative research through the grounded theory method, this study focused on high-complexity hospitals in Chile, using theoretical sampling. The participants consisted of 11 nurses working in ICUs. Techniques used included in-depth interviews conducted between March and May 2023, as well as a focus group interview. Analysis, following the grounded theory approach proposed by Strauss and Corbin, involved constant comparison of data. Open, axial, and selective coding were applied until theoretical data saturation was achieved. The study adhered to reliability and authenticity criteria, incorporating a reflexive process throughout the research. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee, and the study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research., Results: From the interviews, 29 codes were identified, forming six categories: perception of support when facing an AE, perception of helplessness when facing an AE, initiators of AE, responses when facing an AE, professional responsibility, and perception of AE. The perception of support when facing an AE emerged as the main category, determining whether the outcome was stagnation or overcoming of the phenomenon after the AE., Conclusions: For the coping process of ICU nurses following an AE, the most crucial factor is the support from colleagues and supervisors., (Copyright © 2024 Australian College of Critical Care Nurses Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Image segmentation is commonly used to estimate the location and shape of plants and their external structures. Segmentation masks are then used to localize landmarks of interest and compute other geometric features that correspond to the plant's phenotype. Despite its prevalence, segmentation-based approaches are laborious (requiring extensive annotation to train) and error-prone (derived geometric features are sensitive to instance mask integrity). Here, we present a segmentation-free approach that leverages deep learning-based landmark detection and grouping, also known as pose estimation. We use a tool originally developed for animal motion capture called SLEAP (Social LEAP Estimates Animal Poses) to automate the detection of distinct morphological landmarks on plant roots. Using a gel cylinder imaging system across multiple species, we show that our approach can reliably and efficiently recover root system topology at high accuracy, few annotated samples, and faster speed than segmentation-based approaches. In order to make use of this landmark-based representation for root phenotyping, we developed a Python library ( sleap-roots ) for trait extraction directly comparable to existing segmentation-based analysis software. We show that pose-derived root traits are highly accurate and can be used for common downstream tasks including genotype classification and unsupervised trait mapping. Altogether, this work establishes the validity and advantages of pose estimation-based plant phenotyping. To facilitate adoption of this easy-to-use tool and to encourage further development, we make sleap-roots , all training data, models, and trait extraction code available at: https://github.com/talmolab/sleap-roots and https://osf.io/k7j9g/., (Copyright © 2024 Elizabeth M. Berringan et al.)

Subnanometer clusters with precise atom numbers hold immense potential for applications in catalysis, as single atoms can significantly impact catalytic properties. Typically, inorganic clusters are produced using batch processes with high dilutions, making the scale-up of these processes time-consuming and its reproducibility challenging. While continuous-flow systems have been employed for organic synthesis and, more recently, nanoparticle preparation, these approaches have only rarely been applied to cluster synthesis. In a flexible, continuous flow synthesis platform, we integrate multiple continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR) into a cascade to synthesize clusters with a precise number of atoms, demonstrating the potential of this approach for atom precise cluster synthesis and expanding the application of continuous-flow systems beyond organic synthesis., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Image segmentation is commonly used to estimate the location and shape of plants and their external structures. Segmentation masks are then used to localize landmarks of interest and compute other geometric features that correspond to the plant's phenotype. Despite its prevalence, segmentation-based approaches are laborious (requiring extensive annotation to train), and error-prone (derived geometric features are sensitive to instance mask integrity). Here we present a segmentation-free approach which leverages deep learning-based landmark detection and grouping, also known as pose estimation. We use a tool originally developed for animal motion capture called SLEAP (Social LEAP Estimates Animal Poses) to automate the detection of distinct morphological landmarks on plant roots. Using a gel cylinder imaging system across multiple species, we show that our approach can reliably and efficiently recover root system topology at high accuracy, few annotated samples, and faster speed than segmentation-based approaches. In order to make use of this landmark-based representation for root phenotyping, we developed a Python library ( sleap-roots ) for trait extraction directly comparable to existing segmentation-based analysis software. We show that landmark-derived root traits are highly accurate and can be used for common downstream tasks including genotype classification and unsupervised trait mapping. Altogether, this work establishes the validity and advantages of pose estimation-based plant phenotyping. To facilitate adoption of this easy-to-use tool and to encourage further development, we make sleap-roots , all training data, models, and trait extraction code available at: https://github.com/talmolab/sleap-roots and https://osf.io/k7j9g/., Competing Interests: Competing interests: W.B. is a co-founder of Cquesta, a company that works on crop root growth and carbon sequestration.

Background: Health professionals can be 'second victims' of adverse patient events. Second victimhood involves a series of physical and psychological signs and symptoms of varying severity and is most prevalent among nurses and women and in intensive care units (ICUs). Previous research has described personal and organizational coping strategies., Aim: The objective of this research is to determine the prevalence of second victimhood, focusing on psychological distress, among Chilean adult intensive care nurses and its relationship with the support provided by their organizations., Study Design: A descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted in seven intensive care units of Chilean hospitals., Results: Of a sample of 326 nurses, 90.18% reported having been involved in an adverse event and 67% reported psychological distress resulting from the adverse event. Embarrassment was the most prevalent psychological symptom (69%). Only 2.8% reported that their organization had an action plan for professionals in the event of a serious adverse event. Participants who had spent longer working in an ICU reported more support from their organization around adverse events., Conclusion: Two-thirds of Chilean adult intensive care unit nurses report psychological stress following an adverse event. These results should be assessed internationally because second victims have major implications for the well-being of health professionals and, therefore, for retention and the quality of care., Relevance to Clinical Practice: Critical care leaders must actively promote a safe environment for learning from adverse events, and hospitals must establish a culture of quality that includes support programmes for second victims., (© 2023 The Authors. Nursing in Critical Care published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Association of Critical Care Nurses.)

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an important cause of decreased visual acuity, whose prevalence has increased between 1990 and 2020. In Chile the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was estimated at 24.8%., Aim: To assess the prevalence of DR in a southern Chilean city., Material and Methods: From a database of diabetic patients attending primary health care centers at Puerto Montt, Chile, 196 patients with DR and 392 patients without DR, matched by age and presence of chronic complications, were chosen for this case-control study., Results: The prevalence of DR in the database of diabetic patients was 33.3%. glycated hemoglobin, the frequency insulin use, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, microalbuminuria, and proteinuria were significantly worse in cases. A multivariate analysis showed that retinopathy is much more likely to occur when the variables insulin use, neuropathy, and microalbuminuria concur., Conclusions: DR was associated with worse metabolic parameters and the presence of neuropathy in this case control study.

Background: Hypertension is a public health concern for many countries. The World Health Organization has established a global objective to reduce the prevalence of non-communicable diseases, including hypertension, which is associated with cardiovascular disease. Remote nursing interventions can potentially lessen the burden on the healthcare system and promote a healthier population. This systematic review aims to synthesize available evidence on the effectiveness of nursing-led telehealth interventions in reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients., Methods: A systematic review was conducted. The search was performed from May to June 2021, in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, and ProQuest within 2010-2021 in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Randomized controlled trials and Quasi-experimental studies were considered. This systematic review followed the criteria of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, with the support of the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. For critical analysis, the tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute were used., Results: Of the 942 articles found, six controlled clinical trials and one quasi-experimental study were selected. Different nurse-led interventions (telehealth devices, remote video consultation, calls and email alerts) have demonstrated a significant decrease in blood pressure (especially systolic blood pressure) in the intervention groups. Nurse-led interventions also effect hypertension awareness, self-efficacy, and self-control. Positive effects on lowering cholesterol, consumption of fruits and vegetables, physical activity and adherence to medication were also described., Conclusion: Nurse-led interventions delivered remotely have a positive effect in lowering the blood pressure of patients with hypertension. Further research is required to support strategies that will deliver the best continuous, quality, and cost-effective nursing care., (© 2023. The Author(s).)