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Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is utilised for several purposes, including as a biomedical material for artificial joint replacement. This study looks at the effects of adding nanosized hydroxyapatite (HAP), nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2), carbon fibre (CF), and Kevlar fibre (KF) to bone plate fixation in the femur bone prosthesis. Because of the ease with which they could be processed, their low cost, remarkable mechanical properties, good cell interaction, different amounts of n-HAP and n-TiO2 (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 wt%), and a fixed amount of CF and KF (5 wt%) were dispersed in UHMWPE-based biocomposites. The UHMWPE/n-HAP and UHMWPE/n-TiO2 particulate biocomposites were prepared by using the dispersing technique followed by hot pressing moulding, then mechanical testing was performed, including flexural, maximum shear stress, and impact tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to observe reinforcement and matrix fractures. Biocomposites with n-HA/Carbon fibre hybrid biocomposites showed better results concerning specific mechanical strength, as well as flexural strength, max. shear and impact energy. The composites show an increase in flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, and max. shear stress by 44%, 32.49%, 120.7%, and 182.6% respectively concerning neat UHMWPE. This review focuses on the benefits of UHMWPE particulate biocomposites in a variety of weight proportions and hybrid biocomposites, which have not yet been tested as a superior alternative for the creation of bone plate fixation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone plates are essential for bone fracture healing because they modify the biomechanical microenvironment at the fracture site to provide the necessary mechanical fixation for fracture fragments. This paper focuses on reducing the stress shielding effect that occurs due to a mismatch between cortical bone and metal plate. fabricating bio composites plates fixation by modeling of femur bone with ANSYS software program. However, Bio-composites that involve Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene polymer (UHMW-PE) reinforced with nano Titanium dioxide particles n-TiO2 at different fractions (0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5%) and 5% from carbon and Kevlar fibers were fabricated by hot pressing technique. We tested tensile, elastic modulus, and elongation percentages. The results of this study showed a value of tensile strength and elastic modulus improved with increasing weight fraction of nanoparticles and UHMWPE+4.5% n-TiO2 biocomposite were the best mechanical properties, were tensile strength and elastic modulus was (38.57 ± 1.9285 MPa, 1.15 ± 0.0575 GPa) respectively and elongation percentages reduced to 114.05 ±5.7025% compared with pure UHMWPE 176.68 ± 5.7025%. According to the current study's findings, it is possible to create bio-composites as fixation devices with improved performance by placing different fiber reinforcements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone plates are essential for bone fracture healing because they modify the biomechanical microenvironment at the fracture site to provide the necessary mechanical fixation for fracture fragments. The objective of this study was to determine cell availability, antibacterial activity, and wettability through a contact angle test. However, biocomposites that involve UHMWPE reinforced with n-HA and n-TiO2 particles at different fractions (0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5%) and 5% from carbon and Kevlar fibers were fabricated by hot pressing technique. In vitro studies revealed good cell viability on the surface of the hybrid biocomposite even after 72 hr. The UHMEPE nanocomposite reinforced with carbon showed better cell attachment for fibroblasts than other UHMWPE nanocomposite materials reinforced with Kevlar fiber. The results of the contact angle measurements indicated that the incorporation of nanoparticles and the fiber reinforcement increased the wettability due to the hydrophilic character of nanobiocomposite, and also (UHMWPE-4.5% wt. TiO2–CF) biocomposite was the best wettability (∼48% as compared to neat UHMWPE). Antibacterial experiments involving Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, confirm excellent bactericidal property for (UHMWPE-4.5% wt. TiO2–CF) biocomposite. Thermal analysis of the produced nanocomposites revealed that they had higher melting and crystallinity temperatures than pure UHMWPE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]