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Superalloys go through cyclic oxidation which refers to the progression of reputed exposure of materials to alternating oxidizing and non-oxidizing environments at high temperatures. The oxidation behavior of cobalt-based superalloy coatings depends on several variables, including the environment, surface roughness, manufacturing conditions, & coating composition. Because of their higher temperatures and protective oxide layer, coatings with a greater cobalt concentration are more oxidation-resistant. The behavior of oxidation is influenced by surface roughness, where rough surfaces offer greater surface area to oxidation while smooth surfaces decrease interaction with the environment. The microstructure and porosity of the coating are further impacted by processing variables used in thermal spraying, including temperature, particles velocity, and spray distance. Adding reactive components to the coating composition, such as silicon and aluminum, and applying post-treatments like nitriding or sealing are two ways to increase oxidation resistance. A greater temperature and particle speed can lead to a denser with less porous covering, improving the oxidation process resistance. The two typically used heat spraying techniques are high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) and plasma spraying. To increase the resistance to oxidation of thermal spray cobalt-based superalloy coating, some strategies have been devised, such as inclusion of reactive materials, such as aluminum and silicon, which is the coating composition. These elements may establish an oxide layer protecting the coating's appearance, preventing further oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a post-Covid-19 pandemic, many things came up with new requirements because of frequent lockdowns and social distancing constraints. Hence, many pharmaceutical industries and manufacturing units are looking for automated solutions. In the era of Industry 5.0, non-conventional machining processes are on the verge of Industry 6.0 with inclusion of artificial intelligence, deep learning and automated processes for additive or subtractive machining requirements. Non-conventional machining is in practice worldwide; however, it is required to support these kinds of manufacturing processes with remote automation, monitoring and auto-fault clearance methods. Pharmaceutical, chemical and hazardous plant handling is one of the major problems in industries throughout the world. Hence, this paper presents the automated continuous monitoring system using artificial intelligence, which can be a human machine interfacing module with a strategy to clear leakage fault automatically. This paper also discusses the various implications in conventional and non-conventional machining processes and also suggests the next generation hybrid machining system as a future scope of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the world is growing in the direction of robotics, automation and automated automation theme. As a traditional automation, Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining is the most prominent and accurate option for production division. However, Covid- 19 pandemic and frequent lockdowns proved that, at a certain level, unmanned manufacturing is required to avoid an economic crisis. Industries like pharmaceutical manufacturing are important and cannot stop the production in the situations like pandemic. Hence, this paper presents the artificial intelligence algorithm which can communicate with the CNC G-code and M-code to provide geometrical and/or machine processing instructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]