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This study investigated the attitude of young people (individuals aged 14–25 years old) towards environmental protection using the NEP scale. The research aims to understand how demographic characteristics may influence young people's attitudes toward green issues. The study focuses on answering the following two research questions: Q1. How can the environmental attitudes of young individuals be systematically characterized and summarized? Q2. To what extent do demographic factors influence the environmental attitudes of young individuals? A computer-assisted data collection (CAPI) method was carried out in four European Capital of Culture cities from different countries (Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Romania) from April to June 2022. On the basis of this primary questionnaire survey, descriptive statistics and relationship analyses (Cramer's V and Kendall's tau) were used to analyze the collected data (n = 712). The results revealed that in most cases, demographic characteristics had little or no impact at all on green attitudes. Thus, most youth attitudes showed the concept that humanity must adapt to the limits of nature. Furthermore, there were three green attitude statements where moderate differences could be detected by the countries. The findings can provide guidance for decision-makers in the field of environmental education and marketing, and they can also serve as a benchmark for other countries. Additionally, it opens up new opportunities for further research on the role of formal and informal education, as well as to measure the impact of social media on youth environmental behavior and their proactivity towards green issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Veszprém in Hungary was awarded the title of the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) in the year of 2023. The project aims to involve a wide range of audience, with special attention to younger people including university students, however, this depends on their willingness to be involved both as participants and volunteers. The current study aims to assess the willingness of university students to participate as volunteers in the ECoC programme Furthermore it explaines the factors that can influence students' willingness to volunteer, including their cultural consumption patterns, their cultural- and emotional intelligence levels. A survey on the willingness to volunteer in the ECoC project was conducted among Hungarian and international students of the University of Pannonia in 2018 to determine the factors influencing their intentions to participate in the programme. This was followed by a second survey in 2020, focusing on the influence of emotional and cultural intelligence levels of students on their willingness to volunteer in events. The results reveal that the most popular events for both participation and volunteering are pop- and rock concerts, sport and travel programmes, and motivations are stronger when programmes bring mutual benefits to organisers and volunteers. There is a significant positive relationship between cultural intelligence levels as well as emotional intelligence levels of university students and their participation in community leisure activities and cultural events. However, emotional intelligence is not significantly related to willingness to volunteer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Between summer 2018 and spring 2019, a study was conducted by the researchers of the University of Pannonia to examine Szentes, a small town in the Great Hungarian Plain. The study focused on the inhabitants' attachment to the town, quality of life, internal image, and the locals' satisfaction level with the settlement's factors. The survey of Szentes fits with the aspirations of the 21st-century challenges of (small) rural towns (Veszprém, Kőszeg, Gyöngyös, Zirc). These challenges include retaining the young Y and Z generations and active population; liveable settlements; and sustainable rural development. During the research some local key determining figures were cross-examined in structured interviews. In addition, data were gathered applying a focus group method along with a survey reflecting 527 local respondents' opinions. The results provide a brief summary not only of the areas in which Szentes can improve the inhabitants' quality of life and the conditions of its settlements, but also of how it can be a more attractive place to live overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]