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Obwohl die Inhaltsanalyse eine der wichtigsten Methoden der empiri- schen Sozialforschung ist, findet der Codier-Prozess bislang nur wenig Beachtung. Dies ist besonders gravierend angesichts aktueller Entwicklungen, wie dem vermehrten Einsatz von Crowdworker*innen als Codierer*innen. Die vorliegende Studie zielt daher darauf ab, den Codierprozess genauer zu beleuchten. Konkret wird untersucht, wie a) die Codierqualität hinsichtlich Reliabilität und Validität zwischen studentischen Codierer*innen, die häufig zum Codieren genutzt werden, und neuerdings sehr beliebten Crowdworker*innen vari- iert, b) Merkmale der Codierer*innen, konkret Persönlichkeitsmerkmale und Soziodemo- grafika, die Codierqualität beeinflussen und c) manifeste und latente Kategorietypen, die für Codierer*innen unterschiedlich schwer zu codieren sind, die Qualität der Codierung beeinflussen. Zur Überprüfung der Forschungsfragen wurden von Studierenden und Crowdworker*innen Tweets zum Thema Abtreibung codiert. Ein deskriptiver Vergleich offenbart, dass die Validität in beiden Codierer*innengruppen für manifeste, also einfache, Kategorietypen ausreichend, für latente, also schwierige, Kategorietypen jedoch unzurei- chend ist. In Bezug auf die Reliabilität schneiden die studentischen Codierer*innen etwas besser ab als die Crowdworker*innen, insbesondere wenn strengere Kriterien wie Krippen- dorffs Alpha angelegt werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen darüber hinaus, dass die Eigenschaf- ten der Codierer*innen nur einen geringen Einfluss auf die Codierqualität haben, während die Kategorietypen einen signifikanten Einfluss haben.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are commonly manufactured by either discontinuous operations like fed-batch (FB) or continuous processes such as steady-state perfusion. Both process types comprise opposing advantages and disadvantages in areas such as plant utilization, feasible cell densities, media consumption and process monitoring effort. In this study, we show feasibility of a promising novel hybrid process strategy that combines beneficial attributes of both process formats. In detail, our strategy comprises a short duration FB, followed by a fast media exchange and cell density readjustment, marking the start of the next FB cycle. Utilizing a small-scale screening tool, we were able to identify beneficial process parameters, including FB interval duration and reinoculation cell density, that allow for multiple cycles of the outlined process in a reproducible manner. In addition, we could demonstrate scalability of the process to a 5L benchtop system, using a fluidized-bed centrifuge as scalable media exchange system. The novel process showed increased productivity (+217%) as well as longer cultivation duration, in comparison to a standard FB with a significantly lower media consumption per produced product (−50%) and a decreased need for process monitoring, in comparison to a perfusion cultivation. Further, the process revealed constant glycosylation pattern in comparison to the perfusion cultivation and has strong potential for further scale-up, due to the use of fully scalable cultivation and media exchange platforms. In summary, we have developed a novel hybrid process strategy that tackles the key challenges of current biomanufacturing of either low productivity or high media consumption, representing a new and innovative approach for future process intensification efforts.

Monoclonal antibodies are the workhorse of the pharmaceutical industry due to their potential to treat a variety of different diseases while providing high specificity and efficiency. As a consequence, a variety of production processes have been established within the biomanufacturing industry. However, the rapidly increasing demand for therapeutic molecules amid the recent COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that there still is a clear need to establish novel, highly productive, and flexible production processes. Within this work, we designed a novel discontinuous process by combining two intensification strategies, thus increasing inoculation density and media exchange via a fluidized bed centrifuge, to fulfill the need for a flexible and highly productive production process for therapeutic molecules. To establish this new process, firstly, a small-scale experiment was conducted to verify synergies between both intensification strategies, followed by a process transfer towards the proof-of-concept scale. The combination of these two-process intensification measures revealed overall synergies resulting in decreased process duration (−37%) and strongly enhanced product formation (+116%) in comparison to the not-intensified standard operation. This led to an impressive threefold increase in space-time yield, while only negligible differences in product quality could be observed. Overall, this novel process not only increases the ways to react to emergency situations thanks to its flexibility and possible short development times, but also represents a possible alternative to the current established processes due to high increases in productivity, in comparison to standard fed-batch operations.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have gained enormous therapeutic application during the last decade as highly efficient and flexible tools for the treatment of various diseases. Despite this success, there remain opportunities to drive down the manufacturing costs of antibody-based therapies through cost efficiency measures. To reduce production costs, novel process intensification methods based on state-of-the-art fed-batch and perfusion have been implemented during the last few years. Building on process intensification, we demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of a novel, innovative hybrid process that combines the robustness of a fed-batch operation with the benefits of a complete media exchange enabled through a fluidized bed centrifuge (FBC). In an initial small-scale FBC-mimic screening, we investigated multiple process parameters, resulting in increased cell proliferation and an elongated viability profile. Consecutively, the most productive process scenario was transferred to the 5-L scale, further optimized and compared to a standard fed-batch process. Our data show that the novel hybrid process enables significantly higher peak cell densities (163%) and an impressive increase in mAb amount of approximately 254% while utilizing the same reactor size and process duration of the standard fed-batch operation. Furthermore, our data show comparable critical quality attributes (CQAs) between the processes and reveal scale-up possibilities and no need for extensive additional process monitoring. Therefore, this novel process intensification strategy yields strong potential for transfer into future industrial manufacturing processes.

The efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses is limited by strong immune responses being induced against the oncolytic virus itself. Here, the authors generate a bispecific molecule capable of redirecting the adenovirus-specific antibodies to tumour cells and show this induces immune mediated cancer growth inhibition and enhances the therapeutic efficacy of viral oncolysis.

Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet Dozierenden in der Lehrer_innenbildung eine hochschuldidaktische Anregung, im Rahmen eines Planspiels das komplexe Themenfeld inklusive Schulentwicklung zu beleuchten. Ausgehend davon, dass Planspiele einen Beitrag zur nachhaltigen, anwendungsbezogenen Wissensvermittlung leisten (Klippert, 2008), werden seit dem Sommersemester 2018 Lehramtsstudierende im Master der Universität Duisburg-Essen (UDE) im bildungswissenschaftlichen Wahlpflichtgebiet „Schulqualität und Schulentwicklung“ motiviert, sich in einem realitätsnahen Szenario mit verschiedenen Aspekten inklusiver Schulentwicklung auseinanderzusetzen. So übernehmen während eines dreitägigen Planspiels jeweils bis zu 50 Lehramtsstudierende in drei Lehrveranstaltungen (N=150 pro Semester) die Rollen von Steuergruppen-mitgliedern von fünf Schulen in sozial deprivierter Lage. Mithilfe von fiktiven Fallbeschreibungen der einzelschulischen Ausgangssituation sowie simulierten Daten arbeiten die Steuergruppen an spezifischen Herausforderungen für die Einzelschule, identifizieren eigene Schulentwicklungsziele und führen diese einer Planung mit der Zielvorstellung einer inklusiven Schule zu. Möglichkeitsräume für die Ausbildung einer inklusionssensiblen Grundhaltung werden zum einen durch die Planspielmethode und inhaltliche Schwerpunktsetzung selbst eröffnet. Zum anderen bieten erfahrungsorientierte Übungen sowie ein seminarbegleitendes Lerntagebuch Anlässe zur Reflexion. Überdies tragen Impulsvorträge, die Bearbeitung von Arbeitsmaterialien sowie das Selbststudium einschlägiger Literatur zum Wissensaufbau bzw. zur Wissensvertiefung in dem Bereich inklusive Schulentwicklung bei. Aus den Lerntagebüchern geht hervor, dass erste Reflexionsprozesse in Bezug auf eine inklusive Schulentwicklung auf den Ebenen Wissen, Einstellungen und Selbstwirksamkeitsüberzeugungen angestoßen werden. Die Studierenden schätzen überdies den realitätsnahen Praxisbezug und systemischen Blick auf Schule sowie die Methodenvielfalt als Impuls für ihren eigenen Unterricht.

Abstract Tumour immunotherapies have been a breakthrough in clinical oncology but only a few patients benefit from this progress. Additional interventions that sensitize immunologically cold tumours for the administration of checkpoint modifiers are urgently needed. In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Aznar et al present the already approved yellow fever vaccine 17D as an oncolytic agent for tumour immunoactivation. In tumour‐bearing mice, they demonstrated a convincing synergy of the vaccine with CD137 agonistic antibodies resulting in significantly improved survival.

The university-wide mentoring system of the University of Duisburg-Essen pursues systematic, continuous and individual counseling for all students. The Faculty of Educational Science therefore offers different mentoring concepts according to its study programs considering not only the students' demand but also their course content and job prospects in order to enhance their autonomy. Existing counseling services of the university are involved and different mentoring programs are linked so that synergies regarding content and organization are leveraged and a matching appearance is maintained. 14.02.2014 | Julia Niemann (Essen)

Solid cancers are highly refractory to conventional therapies and urgently need alternative treatments. We showed in previous work that tumour-directed dendritic cell vaccines (DC) when applied during oncolytic virus-mediated tumour inflammation (referred to as ODC) successfully triggers a CD8 T-cell response against model-antigens in mice. The central aim of this study was to identify tumour-associated neoantigens suitable to investigate the efficacy of ODC treatment. Therefore, we performed transcriptomic sequencing and epitope prediction leading to detection of the neoepitope Ndufs1-V491A which is present in the NSCLC cell line CMT64 and the HCC cell line Hepa1.6. Elispot assays showed that intratumoural infection of subcutaneous (s.c.) CMT64-tumours on C57Bl/6 mice with oncolytic adenovirus induced significant T-cell responses against Ndufs1-V491A that were significantly less reactive to the wild type peptide. FACS analyses demonstrated neoepitope-specific T-cell responses after Ndufs1-V491A-directed DC vaccination that were additionally amplified by ODC. This ODC treatment was furthermore capable of inducing neoantigen-specific cytotoxicity as shown by in vivo CTL analyses. Finally, we established an Ndufs1-V491A-specific pentamer that allows functional investigations on Ndufs1-V491A-specific CD8 cells. In summary, we established the neoantigen Ndufs1-V491A which is well suited to investigate tumour-directed CD8 T-cells raised by various immunotherapeutic approaches in murine tumour models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]