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Your search keyword '"Johnston, P. N."' showing total 161 results
Start Over Author "Johnston, P. N." Publication Type Academic Journals
161 results on '"Johnston, P. N."'

6. Climate drives the geography of marine consumption by changing predator communities

Author

Whalen, Matthew A, Whippo, Ross DB, Stachowicz, John J, York, Paul H, Aiello, Erin, Alcoverro, Teresa, Altieri, Andrew H, Benedetti-Cecchi, Lisandro, Bertolini, Camilla, Bresch, Midoli, Bulleri, Fabio, Carnell, Paul E, Cimon, Stéphanie, Connolly, Rod M, Cusson, Mathieu, Diskin, Meredith S, D’Souza, Elrika, Flores, Augusto AV, Fodrie, F Joel, Galloway, Aaron WE, Gaskins, Leo C, Graham, Olivia J, Hanley, Torrance C, Henderson, Christopher J, Hereu, Clara M, Hessing-Lewis, Margot, Hovel, Kevin A, Hughes, Brent B, Hughes, A Randall, Hultgren, Kristin M, Jänes, Holger, Janiak, Dean S, Johnston, Lane N, Jorgensen, Pablo, Kelaher, Brendan P, Kruschel, Claudia, Lanham, Brendan S, Lee, Kun-Seop, Lefcheck, Jonathan S, Lozano-Álvarez, Enrique, Macreadie, Peter I, Monteith, Zachary L, O’Connor, Nessa E, Olds, Andrew D, O’Leary, Jennifer K, Patrick, Christopher J, Pino, Oscar, Poore, Alistair GB, Rasheed, Michael A, Raymond, Wendel W, Reiss, Katrin, Rhoades, O Kennedy, Robinson, Max T, Ross, Paige G, Rossi, Francesca, Schlacher, Thomas A, Seemann, Janina, Silliman, Brian R, Smee, Delbert L, Thiel, Martin, Unsworth, Richard KF, van Tussenbroek, Brigitta I, Vergés, Adriana, Yeager, Mallarie E, Yednock, Bree K, Ziegler, Shelby L, and Duffy, J Emmett

Subjects
Life Below Water, Climate Action, Alismatales, Animals, Biodiversity, Biomass, Climate, Female, Fisheries, Fishes, Food Chain, Geography, Global Warming, Humans, Male, latitudinal gradients, trophic processes, seagrass, biogeography, macroecology
Abstract

The global distribution of primary production and consumption by humans (fisheries) is well-documented, but we have no map linking the central ecological process of consumption within food webs to temperature and other ecological drivers. Using standardized assays that span 105° of latitude on four continents, we show that rates of bait consumption by generalist predators in shallow marine ecosystems are tightly linked to both temperature and the composition of consumer assemblages. Unexpectedly, rates of consumption peaked at midlatitudes (25 to 35°) in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres across both seagrass and unvegetated sediment habitats. This pattern contrasts with terrestrial systems, where biotic interactions reportedly weaken away from the equator, but it parallels an emerging pattern of a subtropical peak in marine biodiversity. The higher consumption at midlatitudes was closely related to the type of consumers present, which explained rates of consumption better than consumer density, biomass, species diversity, or habitat. Indeed, the apparent effect of temperature on consumption was mostly driven by temperature-associated turnover in consumer community composition. Our findings reinforce the key influence of climate warming on altered species composition and highlight its implications for the functioning of Earth's ecosystems.

Published
2020

7. Canvass: A Crowd-Sourced, Natural-Product Screening Library for Exploring Biological Space.

Author

Kearney, Sara E, Zahoránszky-Kőhalmi, Gergely, Brimacombe, Kyle R, Henderson, Mark J, Lynch, Caitlin, Zhao, Tongan, Wan, Kanny K, Itkin, Zina, Dillon, Christopher, Shen, Min, Cheff, Dorian M, Lee, Tobie D, Bougie, Danielle, Cheng, Ken, Coussens, Nathan P, Dorjsuren, Dorjbal, Eastman, Richard T, Huang, Ruili, Iannotti, Michael J, Karavadhi, Surendra, Klumpp-Thomas, Carleen, Roth, Jacob S, Sakamuru, Srilatha, Sun, Wei, Titus, Steven A, Yasgar, Adam, Zhang, Ya-Qin, Zhao, Jinghua, Andrade, Rodrigo B, Brown, M Kevin, Burns, Noah Z, Cha, Jin K, Mevers, Emily E, Clardy, Jon, Clement, Jason A, Crooks, Peter A, Cuny, Gregory D, Ganor, Jake, Moreno, Jesus, Morrill, Lucas A, Picazo, Elias, Susick, Robert B, Garg, Neil K, Goess, Brian C, Grossman, Robert B, Hughes, Chambers C, Johnston, Jeffrey N, Joullie, Madeleine M, Kinghorn, A Douglas, Kingston, David GI, Krische, Michael J, Kwon, Ohyun, Maimone, Thomas J, Majumdar, Susruta, Maloney, Katherine N, Mohamed, Enas, Murphy, Brian T, Nagorny, Pavel, Olson, David E, Overman, Larry E, Brown, Lauren E, Snyder, John K, Porco, John A, Rivas, Fatima, Ross, Samir A, Sarpong, Richmond, Sharma, Indrajeet, Shaw, Jared T, Xu, Zhengren, Shen, Ben, Shi, Wei, Stephenson, Corey RJ, Verano, Alyssa L, Tan, Derek S, Tang, Yi, Taylor, Richard E, Thomson, Regan J, Vosburg, David A, Wu, Jimmy, Wuest, William M, Zakarian, Armen, Zhang, Yufeng, Ren, Tianjing, Zuo, Zhong, Inglese, James, Michael, Sam, Simeonov, Anton, Zheng, Wei, Shinn, Paul, Jadhav, Ajit, Boxer, Matthew B, Hall, Matthew D, Xia, Menghang, Guha, Rajarshi, and Rohde, Jason M

Subjects
Chemical Sciences
Abstract

Natural products and their derivatives continue to be wellsprings of nascent therapeutic potential. However, many laboratories have limited resources for biological evaluation, leaving their previously isolated or synthesized compounds largely or completely untested. To address this issue, the Canvass library of natural products was assembled, in collaboration with academic and industry researchers, for quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) across a diverse set of cell-based and biochemical assays. Characterization of the library in terms of physicochemical properties, structural diversity, and similarity to compounds in publicly available libraries indicates that the Canvass library contains many structural elements in common with approved drugs. The assay data generated were analyzed using a variety of quality control metrics, and the resultant assay profiles were explored using statistical methods, such as clustering and compound promiscuity analyses. Individual compounds were then sorted by structural class and activity profiles. Differential behavior based on these classifications, as well as noteworthy activities, are outlined herein. One such highlight is the activity of (-)-2(S)-cathafoline, which was found to stabilize calcium levels in the endoplasmic reticulum. The workflow described here illustrates a pilot effort to broadly survey the biological potential of natural products by utilizing the power of automation and high-throughput screening.

Published
2018

10. RNAscope: a novel method for the detection of Heterobilharzia americana ova in canine liver.

Author

Devora, Priscilla A. and Johnston, Andrea N.

Subjects
OVUM, NUCLEIC acid hybridization, LIVER flukes, IN situ hybridization, SCHISTOSOMIASIS, EGGS
Abstract

Canine schistosomiasis caused by Heterobilharzia americana can lead to severe morbidity and eventual mortality, in part due to the deposition of fluke ova in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, which promotes an influx of peri-ova inflammatory cells. Although fluke eggs can be identified in H&E-stained histologic sections, cases exist in which only fragments of the ova persist, or the egg is obscured by inflammatory infiltrates, which can confound definitive histologic diagnosis. Unfortunately, antibodies specific to Heterobilharzia are not commercially available for immunohistochemical labeling. Therefore, we aimed to use an RNA in situ hybridization strategy to fluorescently label Heterobilharzia ova. Using the H. americana 18S rRNA sequence, we developed an RNA probe and validated its performance on archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine tissue. A positive signal was observed for all identifiable ova, fragmented and whole. Use of this methodology could aid understanding of the pathogenesis of H. americana infection in dogs. This technique augments standard diagnostic methodology, enabling spatial colocalization of fluke ova and inflammatory infiltrates when using fluorescent techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Alternatives to genetic affinity as a context for within-species response to climate

Author

Smith, Adam B., Beever, Erik A., Kessler, Aimee E., Johnston, Aaron N., Ray, Chris, Epps, Clinton W., Lanier, Hayley C., Klinger, Rob C., Rodhouse, Thomas J., Varner, Johanna, Perrine, John D., Seglund, Amy, Hall, L. Embere, Galbreath, Kurt, MacGlover, Chris, Billman, Peter, Blatz, Gretchen, Brewer, Jason, Castillo Vardaro, Jessica, Chalfoun, Anna D., Collins, Gail, Craighead, April, Curlis, Chris, Daly, Christopher, Doak, Daniel F., East, Mitch, Edwards, Mark, Erb, Liesl, Ernest, Kristina A., Fauver, Brian, Foresman, Kerry R., Goehring, Ken, Hagar, Joan, Hayes, Charles L., Henry, Philippe, Hersey, Kimberly, Hilty, Shannon L., Jacobson, Jim, Jeffress, Mackenzie R., Manning, Tom, Masching, Amy, Maxell, Bryce, McCollough, Rayo, McFarland, Corrie, Miskow, Eric, Morelli, Toni Lyn, Moyer-Horner, Lucas, Mueller, Megan, Nugent, Martin, Pratt, Beth, Rasmussen-Flores, Mary, Rickman, Tom H., Robison, Hillary, Rodriguez, Arthur, Rowe, Karen, Rowe, Kevin, Russello, Michael A., Saab, Vicki, Schmidt, Angie, Stewart, Joseph A. E., Stuart, James N., Svancara, Leona K., Thompson, Will, Timmins, Julie, Treinish, Gregg, Waterhouse, Matthew D., Westover, Marie L., Wilkening, Jennifer, and Yandow, Leah

Published
2019
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17. E. coli diversity: low in colorectal cancer

Author

Tang, Le, Zhou, Yu-Jie, Zhu, Songling, Liang, Gong-Da, Zhuang, He, Zhao, Man-Fei, Chang, Xiao-Yun, Li, Hai-Ning, Liu, Zheng, Guo, Zhi-Rong, Liu, Wei-Qiao, He, Xiaoyan, Wang, Chun-Xiao, Zhao, Dan-Dan, Li, Jia-Jing, Mu, Xiao-Qin, Yao, Bing-Qing, Li, Xia, Li, Yong-Guo, Duo, Li-Bo, Wang, Li, Johnston, Randal N., Zhou, Jin, Zhao, Jing-Bo, Liu, Gui-Rong, and Liu, Shu-Lin

Published
2020
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24. The Primacy of IQ Subtest Analysis to Understand Reading Performance for Culturally Diverse Groups

Author

Ortiz, Samuel O., Johnston, Harriet N., Wilcox, Gabrielle, Francis, Stella L., and Tomes, Yuma I.

Abstract

There is significant debate over the value and ethics of IQ testing for children, including those from diverse cultural groups, particularly in light of studies examining performance on various subtests that are uncovering important processing differences between cultural and linguistic groups (Sotelo-Dynega, Ortiz, Flanagan, & Chaplin, 2013). Whereas the predictive validity of IQ has been well established, the link between general intelligence and general academic achievement remains unenlightening, particularly with respect to educational interventions and remediation of academic skills. In light of the importance of understanding the needs of diverse groups within educational and instructional settings, the present study investigated the differential predictive validity of WISC-IV, Full Scale IQ, Index, and subtest scores for components of reading achievement for European American, African American, and Latino American children. Using data from the WISC-IV-WIAT-II standardization sample, Full-Scale IQ, Index, and subtest scores were used to predict Word Reading and Reading Comprehension scores on the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Second Edition (WIAT-II) using forced-entry multiple regression analyses. In general, the results emphasized the importance of subtest analysis for understanding the nature of reading performance of all cultural groups. The amount of variance lost moving from subtest to Full Scale scores is greater in the African American group than the European American or Latino American groups. The amount of variance in components of reading performance accounted for by the Full Scale IQ differed amongst these groups. Findings are discussed in terms of the differences in the processes used in reading between these groups and point to the need for differentiated instruction and intervention to improve reading performance.

Published
2014
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25. Lymphopenia predicts reduced survival in canine hepatocellular carcinoma.

Author

Suarez-Rodriguez, Jose Israel, Chin-Chi Liu, Dehghanpir, Shannon, and Johnston, Andrea N.

Subjects
HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma, PLATELET lymphocyte ratio, LYMPHOPENIA, PROGNOSIS, TUMOR microenvironment, TUMOR markers, LYMPHOCYTE count
Abstract

Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is a prognostic marker in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) however, its utility in canine HCC has not been explored. The aim of the study was to determine if PLR could predict survival outcomes in 42 dogs with HCC. PLR was not a significant predictive factor (p = 0.15) but lymphopenia alone was significantly correlated with a reduced probability of survival (p = 0.024). Further studies are needed to evaluate if peripheral lymphocyte count mirrors that of the tumor microenvironment in canine HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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43. Eyes on the herd: Quantifying ungulate density from satellite, unmanned aerial systems, and GPScollar data.

Author

Graves, Tabitha A., Yarnall, Michael J., Johnston, Aaron N., Preston, Todd M., Chong, Geneva W., Cole, Eric K., Janousek, William M., and Cross, Paul C.

Subjects
GLOBAL Positioning System, ANIMAL populations, UNGULATES, REMOTE-sensing images, DENSITY, CHRONIC wasting disease, ANIMAL herds
Abstract

Novel approaches to quantifying density and distributions could help biologists adaptively manage wildlife populations, particularly if methods are accurate, consistent, cost‐effective, rapid, and sensitive to change. Such approaches may also improve research on interactions between density and processes of interest, such as disease transmission across multiple populations. We assess how satellite imagery, unmanned aerial system (UAS) imagery, and Global Positioning System (GPS) collar data vary in characterizing elk density, distribution, and count patterns across times with and without supplemental feeding at the National Elk Refuge (NER) in the US state of Wyoming. We also present the first comparison of satellite imagery data with traditional counts for ungulates in a temperate system. We further evaluate seven different aggregation metrics to identify the most consistent and sensitive metrics for comparing density and distribution across time and populations. All three data sources detected higher densities and aggregation locations of elk during supplemental feeding than non‐feeding at the NER. Kernel density estimates (KDEs), KDE polygon areas, and the first quantile of interelk distances detected differences with the highest sensitivity and were most highly correlated across data sources. Both UAS and satellite imagery provide snapshots of density and distribution patterns of most animals in the area at lower cost than GPS collars. While satellite‐based counts were lower than traditional counts, aggregation metrics matched those from UAS and GPS data sources when animals appeared in high contrast to the landscape, including brown elk against new snow in open areas. UAS counts of elk were similar to traditional ground‐based counts on feed grounds and are the best data source for assessing changes in small spatial extents. Satellite, UAS, or GPS data can provide appropriate data for assessing density and changes in density from adaptive management actions. For the NER, where high elk densities are beneath controlled airspace, GPS collar data will be most useful for evaluating how management actions, including changes in the dates of supplemental feeding, influence elk density and aggregation across large spatial extents. Using consistent and sensitive measures of density may improve research on the drivers and effects of density within and across a wide range of species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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