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PURPOSE:We aimed to investigate the efficiency and cancer detection of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) / ultrasonography (US) fusion-guided prostate biopsy in a cohort of biopsy-naive men compared with standard-of-care systematic extended sextant transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy.METHODS:From 2014 to 2016, 72 biopsy-naive men referred for initial prostate cancer evaluation who underwent MRI of the prostate were prospectively evaluated. Retrospective review was performed on 69 patients with lesions suspicious for malignancy who underwent MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy in addition to systematic extended sextant biopsy. Biometric, imaging, and pathology data from both the MRI-targeted biopsies and systematic biopsies were analyzed and compared.RESULTS:There were no significant differences in overall prostate cancer detection when comparing MRI-targeted biopsies to standard systematic biopsies (P = 0.39). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the distribution of severity of cancers based on grade groups in cases with cancer detection (P = 0.68). However, significantly fewer needle cores were taken during the MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy compared with systematic biopsy (63% less cores sampled, P < 0.001)CONCLUSION:In biopsy-naive men, MRI/US fusion-guided prostate biopsy offers equal prostate cancer detection compared with systematic TRUS-guided biopsy with significantly fewer tissue cores using the targeted technique. This approach can potentially reduce morbidity in the future if used instead of systematic biopsy without sacrificing the ability to detect prostate cancer, particularly in cases with higher grade disease.

The increased use of axial imaging in various fields of medicine has led to an increased frequency of incidental findings, specifically incidental cancer lesions. Hence, as the use of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) for prostate cancer detection, staging, and management becomes more widespread, the potential for additional incidental findings in the pelvis increases. Herein, we report the case of a man on active surveillance for low-grade, early-staged prostate cancer who underwent MP-MRI and was incidentally found to have a high-grade bladder cancer lesion.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare, benign neoplasm comprising spindle myoepithelial cells in the background of inflammatory cells. It can involve multiple anatomic sites in the body but rarely involves the testis. We report a case of 52-year-old male patient with a history of human immunodeficiency virus who presented with a painless, testicular mass for 2 months. Despite being treated with prolonged antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, scrotal ultrasound demonstrated an increase in the size of the lesion. With a presumed diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumor, a right radical inguinal orchiectomy was performed. Microscopic and immunohistochemical features were consistent with testicular IMT, a benign neoplastic process.

Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is a relatively rare lymphoproliferative disease, which commonly presents as a mediastinal mass and less frequently involves abdomen, pelvis, and retroperitoneum. We report a case of a 64-year-old man with newly diagnosed low-volume, Gleason 3 + 3 = 6 prostate adenocarcinoma, who in considering active surveillance versus treatment was found to have a left perivesical and iliac chain lymphadenopathy concerning for potential metastatic involvement. He underwent magnetic resonance imaging with ferumoxytol to assist in the diagnostic evaluation to better characterize his lymphadenopathy. Subsequently, he underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection and resection of left perivesical mass exhibiting hyaline vascular variant of UCD.