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IntroductionCarotenoids are important precursors of various aroma components in tobacco and play an important role in the sensory quality of tobacco. Phaffia rhodozyma is a species of Xanthophyllomyces capable of synthesizing a highly valuable carotenoid-astaxanthin, but has not yet been used in improving tobacco quality.MethodsThe dynamic changes of microbial community and metabolites during tobacco fermentation were analyzed in combination with microbiome and metabolome, and the quality of tobacco after fermentation was evaluated by sensory scores.ResultsP. rhodozyma could grow and produce carotenoids in tobacco extract, with a maximum biomass of 6.50 g/L and a maximum carotenoid production of 36.13 mg/L at 100 g/L tobacco extract. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis combined with microbiome and metabolomics showed that P. rhodozyma was significantly positively correlated with 11 metabolites such as 6-hydroxyluteolin and quercetin. Furthermore, the contents of alcohols, ketones and esters, which were important aromatic components in fermented tobacco, reached 77.57 μg/g, 58.28 μg/g and 73.51 μg/g, increasing 37.39%, 265.39% and 266.27% compared to the control group, respectively. Therefore, the aroma and flavor, and taste scores of fermented tobacco increased by 0.5 and 1.0 points respectively.DiscussionThis study confirmed that P. rhodozyma fermentation could effectively improve the sensory evaluation of tobacco, and provided a novel microbial fermentation method to improve tobacco quality.

Abstract The first-cured tobacco contains macromolecular substances with negative impacts on tobacco products quality, and must be aged and fermented to mitigate their effects on the tobacco products quality. However, the natural fermentation takes a longer cycle with large coverage area and low economic efficiency. Microbial fermentation is a method to improve tobacco quality. The change of chemical composition of tobacco during the fermentation is often correlated with shapes of tobacco. This study aimed to investigate the effects of tobacco microorganisms on the quality of different shapes of tobacco. Specifically, Bacillus subtilis B1 and Cytobacillus oceanisediminis C4 with high protease, amylase, and cellulase were isolated from the first-cured tobacco, followed by using them for solid-state fermentation of tobacco powder (TP) and tobacco leaves (TL). Results showed that strains B1 and C4 could significantly improve the sensory quality of TP, enabling it to outperform TL in overall texture and skeleton of tobacco products during cigarette smoking. Compared with the control, microbial fermentation could increase reducing sugar; regulate protein, starch, and cellulose, reduce nicotine, improve total aroma substances, and enable the surface of fermented TP and TL to be more loose, wrinkled, and porous. Microbial community analysis indicated that strains B1 and C4 could change the native structure of microbial community in TP and TL. LEfSe analysis revealed that the potential key biomarkers in TP and TL were Bacilli, Pseudonocardia, Pantoea, and Jeotgalicoccus, which may have cooperative effects with other microbial taxa in improving tobacco quality. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving tobacco fermentation process for better cigarettes quality. Graphical Abstract

BackgroundHigher-than-expected heart failure (HF) readmissions affect half of US hospitals every year. The Hospital Reduction Readmission Program has reduced risk-adjusted readmissions, but it has also produced unintended consequences. Shared care models have been advocated for HF care, but the association of shared care networks with HF readmissions has never been investigated. ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the association of shared care networks with 30-day HF excessive readmission rates using a longitudinal observational study. MethodsWe curated publicly available data on hospital discharges and HF excessive readmission ratios from hospitals in California between 2012 and 2017. Shared care areas were delineated as data-driven units of care coordination emerging from discharge networks. The localization index, the proportion of patients who reside in the same shared care area in which they are admitted, was calculated by year. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the association between the localization index and the excessive readmission ratio of hospitals controlling for race/ethnicity and socioeconomic factors. ResultsA total of 300 hospitals in California in a 6-year period were included. The HF excessive readmission ratio was negatively associated with the adjusted localization index (β=–.0474, 95% CI –0.082 to –0.013). The percentage of Black residents within the shared care areas was the only statistically significant covariate (β=.4128, 95% CI 0.302 to 0.524). ConclusionsHigher-than-expected HF readmissions were associated with shared care networks. Control mechanisms such as the Hospital Reduction Readmission Program may need to characterize and reward shared care to guide hospitals toward a more organized HF care system.

The applications and business of CGN ERP system is in-depth expansion.The critical path and advantages of ITIL,ISO20000,CMMI and other standard system were analyzed.CGN ERP quality management system was implemented.It runs ERP systems as the thinking of running power station.The nuclear safety culture was blended into the quality level and process control of system.Through the successful implementation of quality management system,to protect the ERP system is in safe and stable operation,to ensure the core business processes are in the continuation and development,to bring the information values to the users.

Abstract  The aim of the present study was to assess the tolerance of Hevea brasiliensis to chilling temperatures since rubber production has been extended to sub-optimal environments. PB260 clone was used to analyze the responses of leaves chilled at 10°C during 96 h, as well as their recovery at 28°C. Some key parameters were used to evaluate photosynthetic apparatus functioning, membrane damage (electrolyte leakage) and oxidative stress. A short-term response versus a long-term one have been recorded, the time point of 24 h, when stomata closure was effective, being the border between the two responses. P n decreased dramatically at 1 h, and Fv/Fm was slightly affected. NPQ reached its maximal level between 4 and 7 h. Lipid peroxidation and membrane lysis were observed between 48 and 96 h. Activities of antioxidant enzymes increased, along with the induction of antioxidant gene expression. Finally, the plants were capable to recover (net photosynthetic rate, photochemical efficiency, antioxidant enzymes activities) when placed back to 28°C showing that PB260 can withstand long-term chilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]