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Extensive experimental research and hydrodynamic models have been proposed to guide the design of superior packings. However, most research has concentrated on the effective void (ε − H) of packing while ignoring the ineffective void (ε − H − HL), which causes discrepancies in hydrodynamic performance compared to actual observations. This study evaluated the hydrodynamic performance under diverse conditions considering the liquid holdup (H), pressure drop (ΔP), and gas flooding velocity (uf). A novel approach to hydrodynamic model construction is introduced by incorporating an ineffective void. The results indicate that at a constant hold‐up area, liquid flow (L) and viscosity (μ) significantly influence liquid hold up, moderated by the gas velocity in the flooding area. The pressure drop rises as the viscosity, gas flow rate, and liquid flow rate increase. Notably, a considerable pressure drop initiates flooding at the bottom of the absorber. Elevated liquid flow rates and viscosities correlate with higher ineffective void values (HL) in the packing column. At low gas flow rates, the gas flow rate marginally affects HL values. However, after the flooding point was achieved, the values of HL rapidly increased as the gas flow rate increased. Moreover, a linear relationship emerges between the liquid holdup and HL, as evidenced by the consistent variation in the liquid holdup and the F‐factor. Utilizing the ineffective void yields a more accurate fit for the experimental data, reducing the average absolute relative deviation to 10.2%, 7.4%, and 10.8%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NO and SO 2 are the major pollutants of coal combustion. As superior absorbents, ionic liquids are environmentally friendly, are reusable, and can clean flue gases, such as CO 2 , SO 2 , and NO x . However, NO and SO 2 absorption with low concentration in flue gases under normal conditions is rarely studied. In this work, [Bmim] 2 FeCl 4 was synthesized and mixed with sulfolane for NO and SO 2 removal from flue gas. The investigated concentrations of NO and SO 2 were 1100 and 2500 ppm, respectively, which are close to real fuel gas conditions. Results showed that 30 wt % [Bmim] 2 FeCl 4 /sulfolane mixture performed the best absorption behavior. The presence of SO 2 could promote NO absorption by [Bmim] 2 FeCl 4 /sulfolane mixture. The 30 wt % [Bmim] 2 FeCl 4 /sulfolane mixture had removal efficiencies of 93.6 and 76.2% for NO and SO 2 , respectively. This mixture also showed great reusability for NO and SO 2 after six cycles of absorption. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum indicated that SO 2 and NO removal by [Bmim] 2 FeCl 4 /sulfolane binary mixture was due to the chemical reaction between NO and [Bmim] 2 FeCl 4 and the physical absorption between SO 2 and sulfolane., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2020 American Chemical Society.)

TiO2 nanotube array films were prepared by in-situ liquid phase transformation and deposition of anodic aluminum oxidation template films with (NH4)2TiF6 dilute solution; and the (Er, La, N)-codoped films were fabricated by impregnation with rare earth elements of Er and La following by heat treatment in flow ammonia. Obviously enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic dye was obtained by codoped TiO2 under visible light irradiation compared with undoped TiO2 film, and the increase of photocatalytic performance of as-prepared TiO2 was attributed to the enlargement of light absorbency ranging from upconversed UV to red-shifted visible light up to 600 nm.