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In this paper, we discuss the hypercyclic properties of composition operators on Orlicz function spaces. We give some different conditions under which a composition operator on Orlicz spaces is hyper-cyclic or not. Similarly, multiplication operators are considered. It is shown that there is no hypercyclic multiplication operator on Orlicz spaces.

Maryam Janatolmakan,1 Bahare Andaieshgar,1 Amir Aryan,2 Faranak Jafari,1 Alireza Khatony3 1Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 2Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; 3Health Institute, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranCorrespondence: Alireza KhatonyClinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Nurse Blvd., Kermanshah, IranTel/Fax +988338279394Email Akhatony@gmail.comBackground: Depression can affect nursing students’ quality of life, academic performance, and clinical self-efficacy and may interfere with their relationship with patients. The purpose of this study was to compare of depression rate between the first- and final-year nursing students in Kermanshah, Iran.Methods: In this descriptive–analytical study, 60 first-year and 42 last-year nursing students were enrolled. The participants were chosen using the census sampling method. The data collection tool was Beck’s Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: In our study, 61.7% (n = 37) of the first year and 38.1% (n = 16) of the last year students had varying degrees of depression. The rate of depression was significantly higher in first-year students than last-year students (p = 0.013).Discussion: Given the relatively high rate of depression among nursing students, the need for targeted planning to control their mental health, especially in the first year of study, is of importance.Keywords: prevalence, depression, nursing, students

Backgrounds and Objectives: The Atrak River is an important water supply resource in the Razavi Khorasan, Northern Khorasan and Golestan provinces. This river is the line border of Iran and Turkistan countries. Unfortunately, lack of water quality and quantity data due to nonexistence of a proper surface water quality monitoring station network is one of the main problems for water quality evaluation in the Atrak River. The main objective of the research is to offer a proper framework for surface water quality evaluation regarding to the mentioned limitations.Materials and Method: In the first step, proper surface water quality monitoring stations along Atrak River are selected and water quality conditions are indicated using water quality index (WQI) model. The second step is allocated for determining trophic states of the river. Finally, the river water quality modeling is carried out for one of the most important index of water quality in the Atrak River i.e. total dissolved solids (TDS) based on proposed method by Oconnor (1976).Result: Results of WQI model showed that most of the stations were in the moderate class. The result also showed that most parts of this river had trophic condition. Finally, based on findings of O'Conor model it is demonstrated that the salinity status observed in these four stations originated from the base flow and therefore, salinity is affected by the natural sources.Conclusion: This methodology in the research can be used in rivers which don't have the proper surface water quality monitoring stations and therefore encountered with lack of water quality data. It can provide the proper strategy and management tasks to reach the good water quality conditions.

Background&Objective: Thalassemia is the most common genetic disorder, 2-3 million carriers and 20 thousands with major thalassemia exist in our country. National prevention program of thalassemia started in 1998 and to encourage carriers to dispense marriage with increasing their knowledge was its main strategy. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of thalassemia prevention program on couples knowledge and carriers and marriage avoidance in Gorgan province- Iran Materials&Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the data were collected by the questionairs which their validity and reliability were already confirmed. The sample population consist of 282 couples which were going to get married 107 couple with minor thalassemia which cancelled their marriage during 1998-2003 were also included in the sample poulation in this research. The detailed study were carried out on whole subjects. Data were entered into the SPSS and analyzed by chi-square, t-test and ANOVA. Results: In 282 couples, mean age was 20.5 on women and 24.86 in men, 57.8% were urban residents, 39.4% were relatives. Most of men had self-employed job and women were house keeper and half were under high school diploma. Distribution of knowledge level: 2.5% weak, 9.2% moderate, 53.2% good and 29.1% excellent. Relationship between knowledge and educational state, residency and job was meaningful (P

The aim of this investigation is to compare the effect of applying two transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) current with different frequencies (2 Hz & 100 Hz) on Hoffmann reflex recorded from gastrosoleus muscle of healthy people. Forty female subjects between 20 to 30 years of age were participated in this quasi-experimental design. Twenty of them were exposed to the 100 Hz current and the remaining 20 to 2 Hz current on dermatome S1 root. The excitability of the alpha motoneurone was measured by H-reflex amplitude (peak to peak max/2) before and after the application of the TENS current for 30 minutes. The reflex was recorded and at measured before (TO) and after the application of TENS at different times (T1, T% and T10) up to 10 minutes. The mean values were compared by multiple paired T test (alpha=0.00825). The results indicate a considerable decrement in Hoffmann reflex amplitude after application of 100 Hz current in comarison with that of before the application. The effect last for 10 minutes after the TENS application, whereas the application of 2 Hz current results in increment of the Hoffmann reflex amplitude. The 5 and 10 minutes interval test dose not show any significance and the results were attenuated befor 5 minutes. As a conclusion high frequency of TENS (100 Hz) has an inhibitory effect on excitability of alpha motor neurone reflex lasting for 10 minutes, while low frequency of TENS (2 Hz) has an facilatory effect on the same motoneurone with short lasting effect.

Background: Ileostomy reversals are commonly performed procedures after colon and rectal operations. Laparoscopic ileostomy reversal (LIR) with lysis of adhesions has potential benefits over conventional open surgery. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of laparoscopic and open ileostomy reversal. Methods: 133 consecutive patients undergoing ileostomy reversal at our institution between June 2009 and August 2013 were analyzed using a retrospective database. The group comprised 53 laparoscopic cases and 80 open cases, performed by four surgeons at a single center. The data were analyzed for patient demographics, operative characteristics, postoperative outcomes, and 30-day morbidity and mortality. Results: The two groups had comparable mean age, gender distribution, ASA scores, and BMI. The laparoscopic group had a significantly longer duration of surgery compared to the open reversal group (109 versus 93 min, p < 0.05). However, this group underwent more lysis of adhesions (60.4 % versus 26.3 %, p < 0.01) as well as concurrent stoma site mesh reinforcement (32.1 % versus 6.3 %, p < 0.01). In the laparoscopy group, 20.7 % of patients underwent intra-corporeal ileo-ileal anastomosis. There were no significant differences between the laparoscopic and open groups with regard to estimated blood loss (31 versus 40 ml, respectively) or mean length of stay (5.3 vs. 5.7 days, respectively). The rates of overall 30-day morbidity (16.9 % for laparoscopic vs. 21.3 % for open) as well as rates of specific complications were equivalent between groups. 30-day mortalities were not noted in either group. Conclusion: LIR is safe and effective with low perioperative morbidity and mortality. The use of laparoscopy as an option in terms of concomitant hernia repair and lysis of adhesions may be considered in selected patients.

Spatiotemporal changes of net primary production (NPP) is one of the essential indicators in determining rangeland ecosystem condition. Therefore, the aim of current research was to map and monitor the actual and potential NPP of rangeland ecosystems in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, using CASA and Miami models, MODIS and field data from 2009 to 2018. The accuracy of the produced NPP maps was assessed in 253 sampling sites located in different vegetation types with good, fair and poor rangeland conditions, using linear regression. Results showed that the difference between actual and potential NPP was greater than 56 gr C/m²/month, which can be a sign of human impacts and interferences in the rangeland ecosystems of the region. The highest and lowest relationships between modeled and field productions were observed in the Astragalus spp. - Bromus tomentellus vegetation type with good rangeland condition (R²=0.84) and Astragalus sieberi- Stipa capensis vegetation type with poor rangeland condition (R²=28), respectively. The present research findings indicated the importance of drought conditions, vegetation type and rangeland condition in estimating the actual and potential NPP and the difference of these productions can be used as an index to determine and monitor the condition of rangeland ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Determining effective factors in cloud computing adoption on employees of Noor credit institution in South Khorasan province, Iran, is the purpose of the present study. A practical oriented method is applied regarding the research objective and a descriptive-survey method is used for collecting field data. Employees of Noor credit institution of South Khorasan province (50 people) are selected as the research sample. Methods: Accurate questionnaires are analyzed. Two researcher-made questionnaires are conducted as research tools. These questionnaires consist of effective factors in cloud computing adoption (12 factors including 47 items) and cloud computing adoption intention (3 items). The reliability of the research is evaluated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient which is obtained α=0.54% for the questionnaire of effective factors in cloud computing adoption and has various values for the questionnaire of the cloud computing adoption intention. Also, the descriptive statistics approach is used to define variables, and confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis are applied in the inferential section. Structural equation modeling using Smart-PLS software is used to determine the effective factors in cloud computing adoption Results: All 12 determined factors in cloud computing adoption are considered as dependent variables and cloud computing adoption intention is considered as an independent variable. 12 effective factors in cloud computing adoption on Noor credit institution of South Khorasan in Iran are determined and examined. Conclusion: It can be concluded that all factors (except the support of the top manager) have a positive and significant effect on cloud computing adoption intention, nonetheless, the value of statistic t for path analysis of the support of the top manager on cloud computing adoption intention is less than 1.96. This shows that the support of the top manager does not have a significant effect on cloud computing adoption intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rolle's Theorem is generalized to holomorphic functions of a complex variable through a deeper analysis of the relation between the zeros of a holomorphic function f and the zeros of R(f'), as well as other components. The resulting Complex Rolle's Theorem thus leads to a generalization of the real Mean Value Theorem for holomorphic functions. This Complex Mean Value Theorem in turn leads to the familiar complex analysis result of a constant holomorphic function on an open connected subset. This study confirms that the zeros of a holomorphic function's derivative separate those of its respective function.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in the spring of 2019 from the water sample of Abbasabad River in 17 stations. In this study, the optimized and modified method of methylene blue was used to measure the amount of LAS. After preparing the samples using the methylene blue method, the organic phase of the sample was separated and the LAS absorption was read using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 650 nm, and the LAS concentration was calculated using the obtained absorption and calibration curve. LAS health risk assessment was performed by calculating the risk quotient (RQ) index. Results: The results showed LAS concentration ranged from 0.11 to 2.65 mg/L with a mean of 1.25 mg/L. Based on field observations, the entry of untreated wastewater into the Abbasabad River was the main cause of the high concentration of LAS. The results of the health risk assessment showed no risk in different age groups. Conclusion: The results show that at this level of LAS concentration in the Abbasabad River of Hamadan, there is no significant concern for human health. However, it is worthwhile to prevent the entry of untreated or inadequately treated wastewater into valuable water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

this paper, we discuss about bounded, isometric and hypercyclic composition operators on Cesáro function spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the strong coupling between exciton-plasmon by the aid of reflectance spectroscopy under different dye molecules weight in the samples. For this purpose, we have prepared five different samples as Glass/Cr/Au/PMMA (RB); in which the weight of RB has been changed from 0 to 4 mg. The spectroscopy of the samples has been done under angular modulation and also the dispersion relation of the samples has been extracted from this measurement. These measurements revealed the formation of two split polaritonic extreme in reflectance spectra as a function of wavelength. Then we have shown exciton-plasmon coupling in dispersiondiagram which presented an extra allowed mode between the polaritonic branches. After that, the circular dichroism spectra of samples have been measured to see the strong coupling circular dichroism. Our results show that, we have significant change in the dichroism of gold thin film due to strong coupling in all of visible region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the most important determinants of health and marital satisfaction, the family and religious adherence can be effective because religion includes guidelines for life and providing a system of beliefs and values make these features can affect family life. Approach: This descriptive research - an analysis performed to assess the level of satisfaction of 47 questionnaires marital satisfaction questionnaire whose validity and reliability were evaluated and a couple of them asked to assess adherence to religion. The study population included 382 couples in Tehran that a cluster of 22 districts of Tehran were the selected. To analyze the data, ANOVA, Chi-square, and Pearson correlation coefficient using the software SPSS (version 22) became all tests were performed at the 5% level. Results: The data showed that the average age is 34 for women and 38 years for men and the majority of couples are in appropriate level in religiosity (40.5 percent). The results showed a main direct relation among religiosity and marital satisfaction of men and women (p ≤ 0.001). The correlation among religiosity and marital satisfaction of women r = 0.271 and this factor in men r = 0.200 was obtained indicating a direct relationship was significant. Conclusion: couples who were both committed to religion, their marital satisfaction score was more than couples without adherence to religion, and thus promoting religious beliefs and commitment can increase their marital satisfaction in couples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The purpose of this research was to investigate and compare the rates of depression, anxiety, quality of life, vitality and mental health between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Method The sample included 218 women selected randomly from the cultural center of Tehran in November and December 2013 and was divided into two groups. The first group included 110 postmenopausal women (45-55 years old). One year had passed since their last monthly period and they had not used any hormones. The second group included 108 premenopausal women (35-45 years old) who had not yet experienced menopause. In order to assess data, three tests were used: the Zung Anxiety Self-Report scale, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Quality of Life questionnaire (SF-36). The gathered data were analyzed with the T-test for independent groups. Results The results indicated that all five hypotheses were confirmed. There were significant differences between the scores of anxiety, depression, quality of life, vitality and mental health between the two groups. Conclusion Since menopausal women spend almost one-third of their long life in this situation, it can be useful to recognize the causes of these disorders in women and their influences on their families. We can also increase their motivation and self-efficacy in order to improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Investigation of seasonal suicide might help in learning about the etiology of suicide committers' behavior. Literature search indicates that a large number of preliminary studies have been carried out on this subject, in many of which seasonal and climatological aspects of suicide have been investigated. In the present study, the seasonal and time pattern of suicide incidence in Iran was determined based a systematic review. Materials and Methods: Search was performed in the national databases, namely, SID, Iranmedex, Magiran and Medlib, as well as international databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar, using such keywords as Iran/Iranian, seasonality and suicide. The technical quality of papers was assessed using checklists. Data of each of the preliminary studies were extracted in terms of general variables and such specific variables as season, month, hour, weekdays and climatic conditions. Results: Of a total number of 49,522 documents obtained from a primary electronic search, eventually 32 papers were included in this study. The highest numbers of suicides committed were 7 and 8 in summer and spring, respectively. Similarly, among the primary studies that had reported only the monthly occurrence of suicide, the highest rate in 7 cases was spring and 7 in summer. In most of the studies (8 cases) the highest number of suicides had taken place between 1:00 and 6:00 PM. Conclusion: These findings indicate that suicide occurrence in Iran has a seasonal pattern, most cases committed being in spring and summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide a newproof for the description of holomorphic and biholomorphic flows onmultiply connected domains in the complex plane. In contrast to the original proof of Heins (1941) we do this by the means of operator theory and by utilizing the techniques of universal coverings of the underlying domains of holomorphic flows and their liftings on the corresponding universal coverings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since textbooks are one of the integral components of the learning process, their evaluation is important to improve their correspondence to the learners’ needs and goals. Particularly, in societies in which English is used as a foreign language, ESP textbooks play a crucial role in developing students’ skills of English in job-related situations. The present paper discusses the quality of ESP textbooks by performing a case study of an English for Specific Purposes (ESP) textbook “English for the students of Visual Arts (Painting, Graphics, & Sculpture)” developed and published by SAMT as the pioneer in developing ESP textbooks in Iranian academic setting. The study tries to investigate the overall suitability and pedagogical value of the ESP textbook and the features which make it distinguishable among its global counterparts. The study was carried out by drawing on a model proposed by McDonough and Shaw (2003), with an intention to evaluate the present quality of the Visual Arts ESP textbook critically. Both visual and content-based aspects of the book were thoroughly evaluated to identify their general pedagogical value by using the method of qualitative descriptive analysis. In that way, the Visual Arts textbook was analysed on the basis of the framework and guidelines suggested in the available checklist. In addition, semi structured interviews with graduate students, English instructors, subjectspecific instructors, and experts in Visual Arts Courses such as Painting were performed to clarify their opinions about the need for ESP and to analyze their perceptions of English language in general and English for special purposes in particular. The findings of the present study have revealed that there is a fundamental necessity for revision and development of future ESP textbooks in Iranian context. Moreover, the findings imply that traditional materials and frameworks are not responsive to students’ needs and genre knowledge in majors of the Visual Arts.

The independence polynomial of a graph G is the polynomial Σikxk, where ik denote the number of independent sets of cardinality k in G. In this paper we study unimodality problem for the independence polynomial of certain classes of graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Biological hazards are among the major occupational hazards in blood transfusion centers. The aim of this study was to determine the exposure rate of the staff to biological hazards. Materials and Methods This research was a cross sectional study in 2009. A standard self administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS15 by using the logistic regression model. Results Needle stick injury during the one year ending to the time of the study was reported in 11.9% of the staff and over their working lifetime 33%. Moucocutaneous exposure during the one year ending to the time of the study was 24% and over the working lifetime 39.6%. Regression analysis showed that occupational exposure was higher in the age groups of 20-29 (OR:2.29, 95%CI: 1.05-3.89) and 30-39 (OR:2.2l, 95% CI: 1.03-3.72), those with the work experience lower than 5 years (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.14-3.20), among the staff with elementary and secondary education (OR:2.29, 95%CI: 1.09-3.82), and among the personnel not having participated in occupational protection training courses (OR:0.60, 95% CI: 0.39-0.92). Conclusions Occupational exposure was lower among the personnel of Tehran Blood Transfusion Center compared to other medical centers in the country. Providing special training programs for different occupational groups, making improvement in managing and organizing the personnel, and exerting direct supervision over occupational protection programs can reduce working errors and hazardous exposures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we review some properties of permanent of a matrix in max-algebra. We find out a characteristic max-polynomial of triangular matrix and strictly double R — astic matrix whose diagonal entries are finite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Transfusion transmitted malaria is an ever present risk in endemic areas and the real threat for blood safety. There is a need for an effective malaria screening program and development of donor deferral criteria for the country. We evaluated the potential usefulness of Elisa screening for malaria antibody and antigen, thick and thin blood film, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among Zahedan blood donors. Materials and Methods A total number of 384 blood donors in Zahedan in 2009 were screened for malaria parasite by thick and thin blood film using giemsa staining technique, Elisa antibody and antigen test, and PCR. Results The overall malaria antibody prevalence was 4.7%. In blood donors living in endemic regions, where there were reports for local Malaria transmission, the rate was 7.9%. The results of all antigen test, thick and thin blood films, and PCR were negative. Conclusions The present donor deferral system seems optimal at present; however, a small risk of transfusion transmitted malaria remains. In an endemic region like Sistan and Baluchestan the use of Elisa antibody test was an interesting alternative for the screening of blood donors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The current study aims to observe the histological effects of paraquat on the adrenal Glands of the mice after single exposure to sub-lethal dose of the drug. Materials and Method: Forty male mice, fifteen control (group I) and twenty-five experimental (group II) were used. Each experimental animal (group II) was given a single dose of paraquat i.e 20 mg/kg dissolved in 0.2 ml normal saline as an intraperitoneal injection, while for the control group (I) each animal was given an equal amount of normal saline by the same route. The exposure duration for the study was comprised of ten days. On the tenth day all the animal (control and experimental) were slaughtered. Whole adrenals were removed, fixed in 10 % formal saline for 48 hours and processed for routine histological studies. Results: Histological examination of the experimental group showed that the adrenal cortical sinusoids contained large number of erythrocytes, suggesting congestion of the organ; similar changes were observed in blood vessels of medulla. Conclusion: Findings of the current study demonstrate congestion in the sinusoids. It can be assumed that this congestion was due to the formation of peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-) which may have major role in the progression of the paraquat toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives: The aim of this study was the evaluation of glycometabolic function, lipid profile, and liver function in patients with ß thalassemia major (TM) and their relationship with serum iron and ferritin. Methods: Fasting serum glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and liver enzymes were evaluated for 78 homozygous TM patients and 122 normal control subjects. Serum iron, ferritin, and insulin resistance index (IRI) were determined for them. Results: Fasting serum glucose, TG, aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, and IRI were significantly higher in the homozygous TM patients than in the controls (P<0.0001 for all). Serum cholesterol was significantly lower in patients (P=0.003), and 5.1% of cases had diabetes mellitus. Conclusions: Impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, and also liver dysfunction were observed in about 18%, 30%, and 20% of the patients, respectively. Normoinsulinemia and a high IRI suggest beta cell failure. Better evaluation of iron toxicity can protect patients from complications associated with treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]