Search

El modelo judicial del Reino Unido se ha diseñado prácticamente de nuevo tras la Constitucional Reform Act de 2005 (CRA). Por un lado, en 2006 se creó un órgano público independiente de los poderes legislativo, ejecutivo y judicial, la Judicial Appointments Commission (JAC), que es la instancia decisiva en el proceso «profesionalizado» y burocrático de nombramientos judiciales. Y, por otro, en 2009 se creó un Tribunal Supremo, que diseña un proceso especial ante la JAC para nombrar a sus nueve jueces. La figura de Lord Chancellor (ministro de Justicia), queda ahora restringida a competencias en el seno del ejecutivo. Los viejos nombramientos oscuros, opacos y sin ruidos, basados en el tap on shoulder se han erradicado, pero la JAC, convertida en el órgano público más decisivo en cuanto a nombramientos judiciales sigue concediendo excesivo poder a la senior Judiciary, sigue ajustando y reajustando mecanismos que sean capaces de construir una judicatura más diversa, más legítima, más representativa y más responsable.

Copyright of Teoría & Derecho. Revista de Pensamiento Jurídico is the property of Editorial Tirant Lo Blanch SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research has demonstrated justice-involved adolescents are at high risk for substance use, acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and engaging in risky sexual practices. Substance use and risky sexual practices have public health consequences and may place youths at risk for other long-term outcomes, such as recidivism. This study utilized data collected at two juvenile assessment centers (JACs) for 4033 adolescents criminally arrested/charged to explore gender (male vs. female) and location (urban JAC vs. rural JAC) group differences in health risk and recidivism. Results indicated a single factor of health risk comprised of biological assay test results for marijuana use and STIs and self-reported number of sexual partners fit the data for each of the groups. This health risk factor significantly predicted recidivism (return to JAC) for urban males and rural females, and near significantly predicted recidivism for rural males. Age and race differences were found in associations with the health risk factor and recidivism. The results confirm that marijuana use and sexual behavior reflect a risk propensity and should be considered when assessing needs for intervention services for justice-involved youths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Income tax is a tax system that is applied by the Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (LHDNM) toward taxable income. Since 2001, the Malaysian government has introduced the Self-Assessment System (SAS) for companies and for individual tax payers in 2004. Tax audit is an important instrument in SAS as it encourages voluntary tax compliance amongst tax payers. Tax compliance is often monitored by Tax Auditors from LHDNM through field and table audit. According to the Tax Audit Framework (RKAC) 2015, a tax audit should be completed within 4 months from its conception. However data from LHDNM Reports 2008 until 2013 shows there are tax audit cases that could not be completed within the required timeline. The primary aim of this study is to identify factors that contribute to the completion of tax audit within the RKAC 2015's required timeline. This study focuses on the external tax audit only. To achieve the objective, questionnaire were sent to 209 Tax Auditors from the states of Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Selangor. The results show existence of significant relationship between four factors and completion of tax audit within the RKAC's timeline, that is Tax Auditor's knowledge on tax audit, complexity of business transactions, keeping of business records and cooperation of tax payers. The result also showed non-significant association between size of companies and completion of tax audit within the RKAC's timeline. The findings contribute to tax audit literature and suggest few recommendations to LHDNM to restructure the Tax Audit Framework which is currently seen as too generic. This can be done by incorporating the four significant factors highlighted in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article expands on a little-known work by Paulo Fernando Novaes Correia, Boi Encantado (Enchanted Carcass) that created a stink by defying expectations of museum protocol when it was shown in 1972. By contextualizing Boi Encantado within the particular circumstances of Brazilian history, this article examines an artwork whose mephitic intervention into an institution crossed into the public arena, complicating the role of institutions as neutral interlocutors between artists and viewers. Boi Encantado, shown at the sixth Jovem Arte Contemporânea exhibition in São Paulo, brings to light the tensions generated between a museum's commitment to artistic freedom and the display of works probing the limits of institutional tolerance. Such tensions expose the challenges of promoting creative freedom while administering institutional authority, particularly in the context of increasing military repression in Brazil circa 1972. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and common malignant neoplasm. Nevertheless, a 5-year survival rate of patients with GBM has remained below 5%. Artemisia princeps PAMPANINI , used as a food and traditional medicine, have shown beneficial properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-cancer activities. Thus, this study aimed to investigate biological mechanism of a bioactive compound, jaceosidin (JAC), isolated from A. princeps in human GBM T98G cells. Herein, as a result of analysis in terms of cancer survival and death, we found that JAC significantly reduced cell survival against T98G cells. In addition, JAC increased apoptotic cell death via changes on morphological and molecular phenotypes in T98G cells as evidenced by cellular shapes and DNA fragmentation. The apoptotic cell death was confirmed by the cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP, the downregulation of survivin and Bcl-2. Moreover, JAC decreased the expression of cyclinD1 and Cdks and increased the phosphorylation of EKR, JNK, and p38 MAPKs. Specifically, JAC suppressed the PI3K/AKT signaling and its downstream molecules including p70S6, GSK3β, and β-catenin. In addition, as a result of analysis in terms of metastasis using wound healing and Boyden chamber assays, JAC showed anti-migrative and anti-invasive activities. Finally, we analyzed in terms of autophagy and necroptosis that are modes of programmed cell survival and death different from apoptosis in T98G cells. We found that JAC inhibited autophgic regulatory proteins including Beclin-1, Atgs, and LC3A/B, thereby reducing autophagic-mediated cell survival, whereas JAC did not affect phosphorylation of key proteins in necroptosis, especially MLKL. Given these findings, our results provided novel evidences on the biological mechanisms of JAC in T98G cells, suggesting that JAC may be a therapeutic agent for patients with GBM., Competing Interests: None., (AJCR Copyright © 2021.)

Background: Aerobic training (AT) decreases airway inflammation in asthma, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. Thus, this study evaluated the participation of SOCS-JAK-STAT signaling in the effects of AT on airway inflammation, remodeling and hyperresponsiveness in a model of allergic airway inflammation., Methods: C57Bl/6 mice were divided into Control (Co), Exercise (Ex), HDM (HDM), and HDM+Exercise (HDM+ Ex). Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (100ug/mouse) were administered oro-tracheally on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49. AT was performed in a treadmill during 4 weeks in moderate intensity, from day 24 until day 52., Results: AT inhibited HDM-induced total cells (p<0.001), eosinophils (p<0.01), neutrophils (p<0.01) and lymphocytes (p<0.01) in BAL, and eosinophils (p<0.01), neutrophils (p<0.01) and lymphocytes (p<0.01) in peribronchial space. AT also reduced BAL levels of IL-4 (p<0.001), IL-5 (p<0.001), IL-13 (p<0.001), CXCL1 (p<0.01), IL-17 (p<0.01), IL-23 (p<0.05), IL-33 (p<0.05), while increased IL- 10 (p<0.05). Airway collagen fibers (p<0.01), elastic fibers p<0.01) and mucin (p<0.01) were also reduced by AT. AT also inhibited HDM-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine 6,25mg/ml (p<0.01), 12,5mg/mL (p<0.01), 25mg/mL (p<0.01) and 50mg/mL (p<0.01). Mechanistically, AT reduced the expression of STAT6 (p<0.05), STAT3 (p<0.001), STAT5 (p<0.01) and JAK2 (p<0.001), similarly by peribronchial leukocytes and by airway epithelial cells. SOCS1 expression (p<0.001) was upregulated in leukocytes and in epithelial cells, SOCS2 (p<0.01) was upregulated in leukocytes and SOCS3 down-regulated in leukocytes (p<0.05) and in epithelial cells (p<0.001)., Conclusions: AT reduces asthma phenotype involving SOCSJAK- STAT signaling., (Copyright © 2019 International Society of Exercise and Immunology. All rights reserved.)

Background & Aims: A history of high body mass index (BMI) is associated strongly with a risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We investigated whether gastroesophageal reflux is involved in this association., Methods: We analyzed data from a population-based Swedish nationwide study of patients with a new diagnosis of EAC (n = 189) or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (n = 262), and matched controls (n = 816), from 1995 through 1997. Our analysis included data on BMI 20 years before study inclusion; maximum adult BMI; frequency, severity, and duration of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms; tumor features; and covariates (sex, age, smoking, alcohol, fruit and vegetable intake, and socioeconomic status). We conducted stratified analyses and synergy tests, adjusting for covariates., Results: Odds ratios (ORs) for EAC among subjects with a BMI of 25 or higher 20 years before inclusion, compared with those with a BMI less than 25, did not differ significantly, without or with adjustment for gastroesophageal reflux frequency (OR, 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-4.4; and OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.2-4.8, respectively), severity (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.2-4.8), or duration (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 2.2-4.7). However, there were interactions between BMI and categories of gastroesophageal reflux. BMI appeared to have the largest effect on gastroesophageal reflux frequency (synergy index, 8.9; 95% CI, 2.3-34.1 for maximum BMI; and gastroesophageal reflux >3 times/wk)., Conclusions: Based on a population-based study, the association between BMI and EAC does not appear to be affected by symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux, although there appears to be synergy between BMI and reflux., (Copyright © 2014 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)