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Objectives: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of spinal anesthesia on the QT interval in patients with term and post-term pregnancy that were scheduled for elective cesarean section.Materials and methods: Forty pregnant women scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were assigned into two groups: Post-term group (Group P) (n = 20) and Term group (Group T) (n = 20). After entering the operation room, standard monitoring [electrocardiography (ECG), noninvasive blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation] was performed. The patient was placed in the sitting position and spinal anesthesia was performed with a median approach at the L3-L4a level using a 25G Quincke-type spinal needle. After cerebrospinal fluid was viewed, 12.5 mg (2.5 mL) hyperbaric bupivacaine was administered intrathecally over 1 min. Other ECG records were made at min 1 (T1), 5 (T2), and 10 (T3) after the induction of spinal anesthesia and after skin closure (T4). QT and QT dispersion were measured from ECG. Heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) and QT dispersion (QTcd) values were calculated using the Bazett formula.Results: Demographic characteristics of the patients were similar in both groups. Postoperative QTc, QTd, and QTcd values were significantly increased in Group P compared to those in Group T (p < .05).Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia led to increased postoperative QTc, QTd, and QTcd values in the patients with a gestational age of ≥42 weeks who underwent cesarean section. Accordingly, it is advisable to perform postoperative strict cardiac monitoring particularly in post-term pregnant women undergoing spinal anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was held including 115 patients with unexplained RPL who were referred to a tertiary center between December 2018 and December 2019. In the study, MetS was classified according to The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria on the basis of metabolic risk factors. Frequency of MetS in the patients with unexplained RPL was investigated. The relationship between miscarriage rate and metabolic risk factors was also evaluated. Results: According to our study the percentage of MetS in patients with unexplained RPL was 24.4%. When evaluated according to different age groups, it was 18.4% in patients aged 20-29 years, and it was 27.8% in patients aged 30-39 years. At least having one of its components were high (82.6%) in all patients with unexplained RPL. Conclusions: The percentage of MetS or of at least having one of its components were high in patients with unexplained RPL. Increased number of having MetS components were associated with increased miscarriage rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the maternal serum concentrations of copper (Cu) and ceruloplasmin (CP) in patients with mild preeclampsia, severe preeclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome, and to determine their association with the severity of the disease.Methods: This study was carried out at the largest tertiary care health center in the southeast region in Turkey and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dicle University Hospital. A total of 179 pregnant women, including 58 healthy pregnant women and 71 mild preeclampsia, 26 severe preeclampsia, and 24 HELLP syndrome cases classified according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' 2013 guidelines were included in this prospective study. Blood samples were taken from all the pregnant women to evaluate the serum Cu and CP levels. The Cu level was determined via atomic absorption/emission spectroscopy, while the serum CP level was assessed with a nephelometric assay using an automatic image analyzer. Spearman's rank correlation tests were used to determine the correlations between the serum levels of the antioxidative markers and the preeclampsia severity.Results: The mean ± SD of the Cu was 81.2 ± 11.84 µg/dl in the mild preeclampsia cases and 160.2 ± 20.89 µg/dl in the severe preeclampsia cases (p < .001). The mean ± SD of the CP was 33.0 ± 4.81 mg/dl in the mild preeclampsia cases and 65.3 ± 9.17 mg/dl in the severe preeclampsia cases (p < .001). The Cu and CP levels were significantly higher in the patients with HELLP syndrome, which is an advanced and more severe form of severe preeclampsia, than in the mild and severe preeclampsia patients (p < .001 and p < .001, respectively). Therefore, the serum Cu and CP levels were correlated with the severity of preeclampsia (r = 859, p < .001 and r = 786, p < .001, respectively). In addition, there was a positive correlation between the serum Cu and CP levels and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values and aspartate amino transferase levels (AST), and a negative correlation between the serum Cu and CP levels and the platelet count.Conclusion: This was the first study in which the ceruloplasmin and Cu levels were investigated in HELLP syndrome patients. When considering the results obtained in the present study, there were significant relationships between the Cu, CP levels which are the markers of oxidative stress and the preeclampsia severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of two polymorphisms (rs2077119 and rs4918) in the fetuin-A (Alpha-2-Heremans Schmid Glycoprotein, AHSG) gene and their relationship with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Material and Methods: We enrolled 122 patients with PCOS who were referred to the Harran University Medical Faculty Obstetrics and Gynaecology Outpatient Clinic. We also enrolled 124 healthy women without PCOS as controls. The molecular analysis of these polymorphisms, 767 C>G and 4613 T>G of the AHSG gene, was performed on whole blood using the real-time PCR method. The amplification curves of the polymorphisms in the samples were obtained as a result of the real-time PCR method and genotyped. Results: As a result of our study, homozygous GG genotype, which is polymorphic in terms of fetuin-A gene 767 C>G polymorphism, was observed in 6 of the 122 patient groups, while it was observed in 10 individuals in the 124 control group. The difference between homozygous GG and homozygous CC genotypes in the control and patient groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The homozygous TT genotype, which is polymorphic in terms of the fetuin-A gene 4613 T>G polymorphism, was observed in 35 individuals in the 122 patient group, while it was observed in 26 individuals in the 124-person control group. There was no statistically significant difference between homozygous TT and homozygous GG genotypes in the control and patient groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: According to the data obtained as a result of this research, it is concluded that both the AHSG gene 767 C>G (rs4918) and 4613 T>G (rs2077119) polymorphisms are not related to PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The main objective of this study is to analyse the circumstances and management of peripartum hysterectomies performed on patients with placenta percreta.Methods: This study included 37 patients who were diagnosed with placenta percreta, a condition in which the placenta invades the uterine wall, and who therefore underwent a peripartum hysterectomy. Their demographic characteristics, history of past caesareans, uterine surgery and curettage, duration of hospitalization, admission to an intensive care unit, neonatal outcomes, skin and uterus incision type, hypogastric artery ligation (HAL), complications, quantities of transfused ES (erythrocyte suspensions), and FFP (fresh frozen plasma), maternal morbidity and mortality and postoperative pathology results were retrospectively reviewed.Results: All pregnant patients who underwent a caesarean hysterectomy due to placenta percreta had a history of caesarean section and also of placenta praevia totalis. Bilateral HAL was performed in two patients (5.4%), owing to uncontrollable bleeding during the bladder dissection. The complications most frequently observed were bladder injury (13.5%), followed by infection (8.1%) and relaparotomy (5.4%). There was no mortality. Twenty-three (62.2%) of the patients had ES and 11 patients (29.7%) had FFP transfusions. According to the histopathology findings, 33 of the 37 patients (89.1%) reportedly had placenta percreta, three patients had placenta increta, and one patient had placenta accreta. Analysis of the neonatal status at birth showed that the gestational age was, on average, the 35th week. The birth weight was normal in relation to the gestational week, but the first and fifth minute Apgar score, which measures the physical condition of an infant, was found to be lower than the normal range.Conclusions: If a pregnant patient undergoes uterine surgery or has a history of a caesarean with placenta praevia, she is likely to have placenta percreta. In placenta percreta cases with bladder invasion; careful suturing of the high-volume vessels on the posterior wall of the bladder, through the bladder serosa is important in reducing the amount of bleeding and preventing future fistula formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aims to evaluate the maternal serum and the vaginal fluid levels of soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecular (sICAM-1) in pregnant women complicated by preterm prelabour ruptures of membranes (PPROM).Materials and Methods: The prospective case control study included 34 pregnant women with PPROM and 34 healthy pregnant women. Patients with additional diseases, a smoking habit and vaginal bleeding, as well as those using antibiotics, during the study period were not included in the study. Cervicovaginal fluid and serum samples were taken during the patients' admission. The demographic data, maternal serum and vaginal fluid sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1, C reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte counts were noted for all pregnant women included in the study. The sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.Results: In pregnant women with PPROM, the serum leukocyte (mean ± SD =11.41 ± 1.067 versus 9.18 ± 1.56, p < .0001), serum sVCAM-1 (median 771.20 versus 704.60 ng/ml, p < .001), sICAM-1 (mean ± SD 213.10 ± 35.59 ng/ml versus 188.11 ± 37.35 ng/ml, p = .06), vaginal sVCAM-1 (median 208.00 versus 140.20 ng/ml, p = .014) and sICAM-1 (mean ± SD 32.32 ± 6.49 ng/ml versus 24.87 ± 6.79 ng/ml, p < .001) values were found to be significantly higher in pregnant women with PPROM than in healthy pregnant women. A positive and significant correlation was observed between the leukocyte count and the vaginal sVCAM-1 level (r = 0.850; p < .001).Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the levels of sICAM-1 in maternal serum in pregnant women with PPROM. The maternal serum and vaginal fluid sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels can be used as biochemical markers supporting the PPROM diagnosis because of the increase in both maternal serum and vaginal fluid sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels in pregnant women with PPROM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pathogenesis of placenta percreta (PP) is not very well known. This study was designed to analyse the oxidative stress (OS), the thiol/disulphide balance, and ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA) the women with PP. The study included 38 pregnant women with PP and 40 similarly aged healthy pregnant women in their third trimester of gestation. We measured the IMA, native and total thiols, and disulphide concentrations in the maternal sera of all of the participating women. The IMA levels were higher and the native and total thiols were lower in the PP group than in the control group. However, there was no statistical significance with respect to the thiol/disulphide balance between the two groups. The results of this study suggest that an increase in the ischaemia and OS and a decrease in the antioxidant status may contribute to the pathogenesis of PP. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Placenta percreta (PP) is a serious complication of pregnancy. Although there are several studies investigating the pathophysiological mechanism of PP, whether the pathology results from a lack of decidua or from the over-invasiveness of trophoblasts remains controversial. The pathology of PP is poorly understood. What do the results of this study add? This prospective study has shown an increased ischaemia modified albumin (IMA) and a decreased antioxidant capacity in the patients with placenta percreta. The results from 38 women with PP suggest that the serum concentrations of IMA and the oxidative stress parameters may be able to predict PP in cases of uncertainty. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The implication of these findings shed light on understanding the pathogenesis of PP for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare serum fetuin-A levels and oxidative stress markers, as indicators of insulin resistance, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and in healthy controls. Methods: This prospective case-control study included 46 patients with PCOS and 48 age- and body mass index-matched control women. Levels of serum hormones, fetuin-A, and oxidative stress markers were measured in blood samples taken during the early follicular period from each participant. Results: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), total testosterone levels, and the LH/FSH ratio were found to be significantly higher in women with PCOS than in controls. Serum total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index parameters all indicated significantly higher levels of oxidative stress in PCOS patients than in controls. Serum fetuin-A levels, which were analyzed as an indicator of insulin resistance, were higher in the PCOS group than in the control group (210.26±65.06 µg/mL and 182.68±51.20 µg/mL, respectively; p=0.024). Conclusion: The data obtained from the present study suggest that higher levels of both serum fetuin-A and oxidative stress markers might be related with PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compare the effect of the different protocols in patients receiving in vitro fertilization treatment due to poor ovarian response. Seventy-seven of the patients included in the study were treated with gonadotropin (450 IU) + GnRH antagonist (group 1), 84 of the patients were treated with gonadotropin (450 IU) + microdose GnRH analog (group 2), and 53 of the patients were treated with clomiphene citrate (100 mg/day) + gonadotropin (300 IU) + GnRH antagonist (Group 3). In assessing total gonadotropin dosage, patients in Group 3 detected significantly less gonadotropin as compared to the other two groups (p < .001). Group 1 were superior to the other two groups with respect to retrieved oocytes, meiosis II oocytes and number of embryos obtained at the end of the treatment. As for the evaluation of clinical pregnancy, although the highest pregnancy rate was in Group 3, this finding was not of statistical significance. Although increasing the dosage of gonadotropins for ovarian hyper stimulation treatment in patients with poor ovarian response is beneficial with respect to retrieved oocytes, meiosis II oocytes and number of embryos, the increased dosage does not provide a statistically significant increase in clinical pregnancy rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the circulatory levels of endothelin 1 (ET-1) and the placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in pregnant women with placenta percreta (PP) and a control group.Methods: This study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecology and in the Biochemistry Departments of Harran University Medical School. Forty-four women who underwent cesarean section (CS) due to PP and 44 women who underwent CS for other obstetric reasons were included in this study. The PP diagnosis was made by a pathologic examination that showed an extreme trophoblastic invasion involving the uterine serosa.The levels of circulating ET-1 and placental ALP were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: Women with PP more frequently received antenatal steroids and blood transfusions and they delivered at an earlier gestational age compared to controls. In women with PP, preoperative circulating ET-1 and placental ALP levels were lower than in the controls (p < .05 for both).Conclusions: The findings suggest that a decrease in ET-1 and placental ALP levels might play a role in the pathogenesis of PP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of the present study is to analyses the role of apoptotic activity in placental abruption (PA) development by evaluating the level of plasma M30-M65.Methods: The study group included 46 pregnant women who underwent caesarean sections (CS) because of PA, and the control group included 48 pregnant women who underwent CS because of obstetric causes. Venous blood samples were received from all expectants before starting the CS for the purpose of evaluating the M30-M65 levels, which are indicators of apoptotic activity in maternal plasma.Results: The plasma M30-M65 levels were determined to be statistically significantly higher in with PA group. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were determined to be 71.7% and 64.6%, respectively in identifying the expectants with PA when the cut-off value was taken as 163.50 U/L for the plasma M30 value. The sensitivity and specificity of the test were determined to be 76.1% and 66.7%, respectively in identifying the PA when the cut-off value was taken as 295.50 U/L for the M65 value.Conclusions: The increase of apoptotic activity induced by thrombin resulting from decidual bleeding may have a role in the development of PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aim: In the present study, we aimed to assess whether oxidative stress and apoptotic activity play a role in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).Methods: The study group included patients with EOC (n = 26) and benign ovarian tumour (BOT) (n = 25), while 30 healthy women were employed as a control group. Venous blood samples were drawn to evaluate oxidative stress parameters and serum M30/M65 antigen levels before surgery. In addition, blood samples were taken for the second time on postoperative day 8 to analyse whether the postoperative tumour load was decreased.Results: When the groups were assessed regarding oxidative stress, the highest values were detected in patients with EOC. Serum M30/M65 levels were found to be higher in patients with EOC when compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). A significant decrease was determined in the M30/M65 levels of serum samples taken on postoperative day 8 from the patients in the EOC and BOT groups (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Our results suggest that dysregulation of apoptotic activity could be effective in the development of ovarian tumoural tissue, whereas oxidative stress could be effective in malignant transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether trophoblastic transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and E-cadherin expression levels have a role in placenta percreta (PP) aetiopathogenesis.Methods: This study was carried out in the Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pathology Departments of Harran University Medicine School. Forty-four women who underwent caesarean section for PP and other obstetric reasons were included in this study. PP was defined as the detection of placental invasion during the histopathological examination of the hysterectomy specimen, which passes the uterine wall as a whole layer and involves the uterine serosa. Placental tissue samples were collected from all pregnant patients to evaluate TGF-β and E-cadherin expression levels.Results: No significant difference was found in demographic features, including age, gestational week, number of pregnancies and body mass index, among the groups. Immunohistochemical staining against E-cadherin, a cell adhesion molecule, showed significantly reduced staining in PP patients (p = 0.048). TGF-β staining was also low in PP patients, but this difference was not significant (p = 0.107).Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that a decrease in trophoblastic E-cadherin expression may have an important role in PP aetiopathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence starts with the beginning of physiologically normal puberty, and ends when an adult identity and behavior are admitted. This period of development corresponds roughly to the period between the ages of 10 and 19 years, which is compatible the World Health Organization's definition of adolescence. Most of the adnexal masses during this period are functional ovarian cysts and benign neoplasms, and conservative surgery is suggested in the case of a cystic mass smaller than 8 cm. In all adolescents with adnexal masses, the preoperative evaluation should include a comprehensive medical record, physical examination, and imaging methods such as ultrasonography and laboratory examinations. The aim of this study was to evaluate preoperative findings, surgical procedure and histopathologic findings of the adolescent patients who had surgery for adnexal mass in our clinic. Totally 41 patients were included into study. Age, menstrual history, complaints during admission, images of the masses that were detected with different modalities, laboratory findings, applied surgical procedure and pathology findings were recorded. Among the symptoms that lead patients to admit hospital, abdominal pain was the first that was in 23 patients (56.1%). As we evaluate type of operation, 12 patients (29.3%) had laparoscopy, 29 patients (70.7%) had exploratory laparotomy operation. Mini laparotomy was the most often used incision type in 17 patients (41.5%). 34 patients (82.9%) had only cystectomy as an organ preserving surgery and most common histopathologic diagnosis was functional cyst in 14 patients (34.1%). In conclusion; since most pelvic masses in the adolescent period have benign character, surgery in this period should be minimally invasive and organ preserving for future fertility concerns and avoid from premature menopause [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To date, there is no clinical or laboratory examination particular to adnexal torsion (AT); therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether the plasma D-dimer level has any merit in establishing a diagnosis in AT patients. Materials and methods: In total, 34 women who underwent laparoscopic surgery due to adnexal mass were incorporated into our study. While the study group consisted of 14 women operated on due to AT, the control group comprised of 20 patients operated on due to benign ovarian cysts. In order to study the plasma D-dimer level during the pre-operative period, venous blood samples were obtained from all the women who participated in this study. Results: The plasma D-dimer level in the AT group was seen to be significantly higher than that of the control group (2.20 ± 1.71 µg/ml, 0.43 ± 0.21 µg/ml, p = 0.002, respectively). When the cut-off value for the D-dimer level was taken as 0.65 µg/ml, the sensitivity in determining the AT was found to be 71.4%, whereas the specificity was 85%. Conclusions: The results obtained from our present study suggest that the plasma D-dimer level could be a supplementary laboratory examination in establishing diagnoses in AT patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Placenta accreta, which is a serious complication of pregnancy that can be treated with a spectrum of treatment methods ranging from medical treatment to hysterectomy, is characterized by the abnormal adherence of the placental tissue to the uterine wall. The presence of a simultaneous pulmonary embolus necessitates more conservative treatment approaches due to anticoagulant treatment and limited lung capacity of the patient. In this case report, a case with these risk factors that was treated with alternative treatment methods rather than surgery is presented and these treatment options are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To present two cases of placenta percreta which were treated with conservative management in our clinic. Two cases of retained placenta percreta are presented. Treatment was failed in the first case because of haemorrhage. The second one was treated successfully with the procedures which consisted of caesarean section with midline abdominal and classic incision in the uterine fundus, internal iliac artery ligation, prophylactic broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, suppression of menstrual cycle, use of methotrexate until the achievement of rapid downtrend of human chorionic gonadotropin, and monitoring the patient until spontan expulsion or resorbtion of placenta. It may be better to treat the cases of placenta percreta with conservative management, if the patients are hemodynamically stable and desirable for future fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to investigate a possible relationship between second trimester aneuploidiy screening results and oxidative stress in foetal amnion and maternal serum. Methods: Concerning the outcome of the second-trimester screening test, 50 pregnant women of high risk were included in the experimental group, whereas 50 pregnant women with normal scores who wished to proceed with the amniocentesis procedure due to advanced maternal age and counselling were included in the control group. The biochemical parameters of total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in the amniotic fluid samples and maternal serum samples. Results: OSI in the maternal serum samples, as well as TAS and TOS in the amniotic fluid, was significantly higher in the control group compared to the experimental group ( p < 0.001, p = 0.047, p = 0.005, respectively). There was no significant difference in the TAS and TOS in the maternal serum samples or the OSI in the amniotic fluid between the groups. Conclusions: The results indicate that the positivity of the screening test is not significantly correlated with oxidative stress, a factor regarded as a pathological mechanism in various diseases. Potential maternal anxiety could underlie the elevated oxidative stress in the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate whether there was a correlation between catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphism, which is believed to play a role in the etiology of psychotic disorders, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods: Fifty-three women with regular menstrual cycles, aged between 18 and 46 years and diagnosed with PMS according to the American Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology criteria were included in this study as the study group, and 53 healthy women having no health problems were selected as the controls. Venous blood was collected from all patients included in the study and kept at -18°C prior to analysis. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of demographic features such as age, body mass index, number of pregnancies, parity, and number of children. No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of COMT gene polymorphism (p=0.61) between women in the PMS and the control groups. However, a significant difference was found between arthralgia, which is an indicator of PMS, and low-enzyme activity COMT gene (Met/Met) polymorphism (p=0.04). Conclusion: These results suggested that there was no significant relationship between PMS and COMT gene polymorphism. Since we could not find a direct correlation between the COMT gene polymorphism and PMS, further studies including alternative neurotransmitter pathways are needed to find an effective treatment for this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thalassemia is one of the most common hereditary disorders in Turkey, especially in the Mediterranean region of the country. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of the β-thalassemia (β-thal) trait and abnormal hemoglobins (Hbs) in couples who applied for premarital screening in Sanliurfa Province, in the southeastern region of Turkey, a province with the first reported incidence of β-thal and abnormal Hbs. In the present study, in order to detect the prevalence of the β-thal trait and abnormal Hbs in Sanliurfa Province, Turkey, a total of 37,962 couples who applied for premarital screening were analyzed. From January 2011 through March 2014, red blood cell (RBC) counts and Hb fractionation were carried out by a cell counter and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The prevalence of β-thal with high Hb A2 (>3.5%) values was found at rates of 2.44% ( n = 1853) in Sanliurfa Province. Additionally, the abnormal Hb rate was 1.57% (1193/75,924), and Hb S ( HBB: c.20T > A), Hb C ( HBB: c.19G > A) and Hb D-Punjab ( HBB: c.364G > C) were reported as 0.50, 0.38 and 0.69, respectively. This study is the first to establish the frequency of β-thal and abnormal Hbs in Sanliurfa Province, which has the highest birth frequency. We report that the frequency of the β-thal trait is at a high-risk level compared to other cities in Turkey. Due to the high risk of β-thal in Sanliurfa Province, a premarital screening program would be of great value in informing parents about offspring with β-thal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer is the second common form of cancer in women after the breast cancer. Each year, approximately 500,000 new cases of cancer worldwide recognize and nearly half of them die. After detection of the relationship between cervical cancer and human papilloma virus (HPV) studies both the prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine was accelerated. In 2006, a quadrivalent HPV 6-11-16-18 vaccine containing L1 capsid antigen, in 2007, a bivalent vaccine containing HPV 16-18 L1 capsid antigen were released. HPV vaccines produce protect antibodies against four types of HPV. Vaccines are safe and well tolerated, and leading lesions of cervical cancer and cervical cancer can be prevented. HPV vaccines are recommended in the possible range of 9-26 years, and especially before the first sexual contact. Although the prophylactic vaccine protective against cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening should be continued after vaccinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: Oxidative stress has been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia, and DNA damage frequently occurs in cells exposed to such stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate DNA damage and oxidative stress in mildly pre-eclamptic women and their offspring. Study design: We studied 25 mildly pre-eclamptic mothers, 20 healthy controls, and their infants. Mononuclear leukocyte DNA damage, total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) were determined and the oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated. Results: DNA damage, and TOS and OSI levels were significantly increased, and TAS levels significantly decreased, in maternal and cord blood samples of the mildly pre-eclamptic group. A positive correlation between the extent of DNA damage and diastolic blood pressure was evident in pre-eclamptic mothers and there was a negative correlation between the extent of DNA damage and TOS. Conclusion: Both oxidative stress and DNA damage are elevated in mildly pre-eclamptic patients and their offspring. Increased oxidative stress may be important in inducing DNA damage in pre-eclamptic patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: An important step in laparoscopic surgery is abdominal access. Several abdominal access techniques have been described to reduce complications. We compare our novel abdominal access technique (MESAD) with other abdominal access techniques, particularly to reduce complications in obese patients., Objective: Compare the MESAD method and other methods we use for abdominal access in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery of obese patients DESIGN: Retrospective SETTING: Gynecology department in university hospital PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent abdominal access by the MESAD technique, the Veress needle technique, and the Hasson technique were included in our study. In addition to demographic data, minor and major complications, number of unsuccessful attempts, conversion to another technique, and abdominal access times were collected from all patient files., Main Outcome Measures: Clinical data and complications SAMPLE SIZE: 66 patients, 26 by MESAD technique, 24 by the Veress needle technique, and 16 by the Hasson technique., Results: There were two major complications (one in the Veress group and one in the Hasson technique group) and 7 minor complications. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of complications ( P =.477, P =.476, respectively). The fastest technique for abdominal access was in the MESAD technique whereas the slowest was in the Hasson ( P <.001). The failure of abdominal access and subsequent conversion to another technique was most common in the Veress group. However, no significant difference was found between the groups ( P =.092)., Conclusions: The MESAD technique is an easy method to both learn and teach. We think that the low major-minor complication rates in the MESAD technique will allow surgeons to reduce their anxiety at the first entry and to perform a more comfortable operation., Limitations: Retrospective CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

Objective: Thromogenic gene mutations has been thought to be associated with recurrent pregnancy loss in women in Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thromogenic gene mutations such as factor V Leiden (FVL, G1691T), prothrombin (G20210A), and the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR, C677T) mutation in women with recurrent pregnancy loss., Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Harran University School of Medicine, and included a total of 1,507 women with histories of recurrent pregnancy loss between January 2010 and June 2013. The mutations were assessed by using the polymerase chain reaction., Results: The homozygous mutation frequencies of FVL, prothrombin, and MTHFR were found to be 3 (0.20%), 0 and 125 (8.29%), and the heterozygous mutation frequencies were 83 (5.51%), 61 (4.05%), and 612 (40.61%), respectively. Among the 86 FVL mutation patients, 38 also had accompanying prothrombin and MTHFR mutations., Conclusion: Since the homozygous forms of the FVL-prothrombin gene mutations have low incidences and MTHFR mutation is similar to a healthy population, preconceptional thromogenic gene mutations screening seems to be controversial.