Search

The multilevel generalized assignment problem (MGAP) consists of minimizing the assignment cost of a set of jobs to machines, each having associated therewith a capacity constraint. Each machine can perform a job with different efficiency levels that entail different costs and amount of resources required. The MGAP was introduced in the context of large manufacturing systems as a more general variant of the well-known generalized assignment problem, where a single efficiency level is associated with each machine. In this paper, we propose a branch-and-cut algorithm whose core is an exact separation procedure for the multiple-choice knapsack polytope induced by the capacity constraints and single-level execution constraints. A computational experience on a set of benchmark instances is reported, showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

This article discusses the possibility of creating a dictionary of Dostoevsky’s discursive words. Discursive words are non-semantic lexical units whose function is to ensure the coherence of the text and to regulate the process of dialogue between the speaker and the listener. Dostoevsky’s texts are saturated with such lexical units, and there is no doubt that this is one of the features of the author’s style. The methodological basis of the research is the concept of the Dictionary of Dostoevsky’s Language. Idioglossary proposed by Yury N. Karaulov and Efim L. Ginzburg. The lexicographic representation of discursive words requires the introduction of additional parameters into the dictionary entry, e.g. taking into account the type of speech in which these units are used. Other lexicographic parameters of the idioglossary require significant transformation, especially the nature of the definition, in which presuppositions and possible reflexive contexts should be taken into account when describing the functions of discursive words. Excerpts from Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment from the 30-volume edition of the writer’s complete works are used as material. The article proposes the structure of the dictionary entry of the dictionary of Dostoevsky’s discursive words in the most general form, reflecting the features of the author’s linguistic personality. The dictionary entry includes the frequency distribution of the described word by genre; definition; illustrations, i.e. contexts of the described word usage; word index; textual associations; hypotaxis and parataxis; wordplay; usage in an ironic context; usage as part of someone else’s speech.

This article analyses the Preface for the second edition of A Hero of Our Time by M. Yu. Lermontov written in the spring of 1841, which has not yet become the subject of a special study. The logic of the study is based on one of the provisions of V. G. Belinsky’s critical work on Lermontov’s novel postulating the principles of “interlinear” reading of the Preface, which, according to the critic, can only contribute to the correct understanding of the author’s intention of this text. The article pays special attention to the figurative and symbolic structure of the final paragraph of the Preface, potentially containing references to the texts of the Holy Scripture. The authors provide arguments about the conscious orientation of Lermontov’s thought to biblical sources, which is caused by the writer’s reaction to the first critical responses about the novel, where an important role belongs to the review of S. O. Burachok, as well as a deep creative understanding of “religious disputes” with V. F. Odoevsky, which took place at the time of Lermontov’s work on the Preface to the second edition of the book. The conceptual nature of the statement “people have been fed enough with sweets; their stomachs have deteriorated because of this: bitter medicines, caustic truths are needed” is notable in the dialogic discourse of the author’s Preface. This phrase actualises the reader’s different-quality perception of a literary work and implements the semantics of likening a book to an edible thing and is an obvious reminiscence from chapter 10 of The Revelation of Saint John the Theologian. The phenomenological approach based on this study within the framework of hermeneutic and biographical methods makes it possible to establish that the purpose of Lermontov’s book as a “bitter medicine”, which goes back to the symbolism of bitterness in the Apostolic Revelation, is directly related to the author’s intention. It prompts the reader to realise the illusory “sweetness” of his moral superiority over the hero, the perception of the value meanings of the novel as a single spiritual principle, in which both the world of the hero and the world of the reader exist. In conclusion, the article points to the metatextual unity of the Preface of A Hero of Our Time and the poem Prophet, whose marker is reminiscences from the Revelation of Saint John the Theologian, which makes it possible to speak about the poet’s book as a prophetic novel.

Abstract  The capacitated p-median problem (CPMP) consists of finding p nodes (the median nodes) minimizing the total distance to the other nodes of the graph, with the constraint that the total demand of the nodes assigned to each median does not exceed its given capacity. In this paper we propose a cutting plane algorithm, based on Fenchel cuts, which allows us to considerably reduce the integrality gap of hard CPMP instances. The formulation strengthened with Fenchel cuts is solved by a commercial MIP solver. Computational results show that this approach is effective in solving hard instances or considerably reducing their integrality gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of the research is caused by the necessity to introduce the clarity into hydrothermal rock-, ore-formation theories and hypotheses in which some natural facts are not joined. The main aim of the study is to prove scientifically the theses excepting and/or supplementing deductions following from the theories and hypotheses, based on the well-known and new empiric data. The methods used in the study: investigation of the gas-fluid inclusions in hydrothermal minerals homogenization, diagnostics and reconstruction of the succession of mineral complexes formation and minerals in its composition, petrologic-geochemical scientific research of the near-ore (ore-containing) metasomatic haloes and intradake apodolerite metasomatites formed in crystalline and blackshale substratum in hydrothermal gold deposits, investigation of the spatially-temporal and causally-investigatory correlations of the metasomatic rocks and ore-mineral complexes with regional metamorphism and magmatism derivatives in gold-ore regions, comparative analysis of metasomatic rocks and ore-formation in crystalline substratum and black-shale series. The results. In perfection of the metasomatic processes theory it is necessary to take into account as real natural phenomena: 1) pulse regime of fissure-pore rock-fluid systems functioning, differently portional off and on entrance of hydrothermal, including metal-bearing, ore-forming solutions in the region of rock-ore-formation; 2) the stagnant regime not only, in accordance with the theory, of pore but also of fissure fluids in common hydraulic constrained fissure-pore rocs-fluid systems of metasomatic rock-ore formation; 3) contrary components diffusion, from fissure solutions into pore, and not only in reverse direction, which complicates mineral zoning of the near-fissure metasomatic haloes, stipulated by differential mobility of the components and, consequently, polymineral, but not monomineral, in accordance with theory, composition of their rear and adjacent zones; 4) mobility (migratory ability) of P, Ti, Al, considered in theory inert attached under any conditions, and accumulation of femophylic elements K, P, Ti, Mg, Fe, Ca, Mn association contrasting anomalies in near-ore (ore-containing) metasomatic haloes in the rear zones in ore-controlling and ore-bringing deep faults neighboring frame (down to 1,0…1,5 km). Following facts: 1) accessory of near-ore altered rocks to peculiar in crystalline substratum combination of propilite and berisite metasomatic formations but not to derivatives of regional metamorphism of green slate facies; 2) subclark level of to-ore gold contents in black shales containing the unique (Sukhoi Log) and large (Verninskoe, Chertovo Koryto and other) deposits, - it is established by the author in many deposits by means of realization of petrologic-geochemic investigation technology; 3) geologic-material-genetic uniformity of the deposits formed in black shales terranes with magmatogenous deposits located in crystalline substratum, are not joined in metamorphogenetic hydrothermal hypothesis of gold deposit formation in black-shale series. The paper introduces the investigation results, which prove, in contrast to other - granitogenous, metamorphogenous, polygenous, - the formation of mesothermal gold deposits in black shale and crystalline substratum in composition of antidromic specialized on gold fluid-ore-magmatic granite-diorite-dolerite complexes on the late basaltoid stage of their functioning.

There is a necessity of working up the geology-genetic theory of hydrothermal gold deposit formation instead of the four hypotheses excepting one another: granitogene, basaltogene, metamorphogene, polygene. The principal aim of the study: substantiation of goldisolating faculty of basaltic magmatism - causing and ensuring ore-forming geologic processes. The methods used in the study: petrologic investigation of the magmatism and accompanying metasomatism fractions by means of empiric observations in gold-ore deposits of the spatially-temporary correlations of magmatic, metasomatic rocks and ore-mineral complexes; minerals diagnostics using electronic microscope in accompaniment of roentgenspectrum analysis; results of total chemical silicate analysis of rocks and balance petro-chemical calculation for estimation of petrogene elements and metals migration in metasomatic processes of the stages ore-forming. The results: the paper proves the formation of gold mineralization in crystalline substratum and black-shale series in final basaltic for mation stage of antidromic granite-diorite-doleritic magmatic complexes, acquiring on account of that status of gold-isolating fluid-ore-magmatic complexes. The first part of the paper introduces the original analytic data on Kedrovskoe deposit (North Trans-Baikal), the second part introduces the data on deposit Zun-Kholba (East Sajan). The second part includes the discussion of the results and conclusions.

The relevance of the research. The coexistence of the granitic, basaltic, metamorphic, polygenetic hypotheses of one and the same hydrothermal deposits of gold, coloured metals (Sn, W, Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co) formation stimulates investigations directed on correction, deepening hydrothermal ore-formation theory and improving, development of the forecast-search criteria of the deposits, necessary for the search of new subjects and replenishment of the metals mineral products base. The main aim of the research is to assess metalliferous ore-forming solutions sources studying the consistency, content, material expression of mesothermal gold deposits formation geologic processes of the south mountain-folded frame of Siberian craton. The methods: study of the formation consistency, mineral-chemical compositions of accompanying granitoid plutons, massifs, ultra-metamorphic hearth-dome structures dikes of the magmatic rocks, their spatial-time correlations and their relation to ore-mineral complexes, complete chemical (wet) silicate analysis of rocks, roentgen-spectral analysis of chemical compositions of minerals, analysis of the isotope compositions of the sulphide sulphur and carbonaceous carbon of ores and near-ore metasomatites, petro-chemical calculations. The results of the research. The paper introduces the proofs of generation of the forming mesothermal gold deposits metal-bearing solutions into mantle chambers of the basic melts - the facts of the simultaneous functioning the latters and ore-forming fluids into crust after crystallization of the granitic melts, data about fluid-conducting in hot condition function of the inside-ore dolerite dikes - along with fractures in the routes of metal-bearing solutions rising from the chambers of the generation into forming deposits, the facts of inheritance by the near+ore metasomatites (beresites) of petro-chemical type inside-dike metasomatism (supply K, S, CO2, subtraction Na, Si), contrasting anomalies into inside-dike and near-ore metasomatites of femic elements (P, Ti, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn), isotope relations of the sulphide sulphur and carbonaceous carbon relative to mantle marks. The paper discusses negative influence of the human factor on problem solution which consists in priority of the theoretic ideas about generation of metalliferous solutions into crustal chambers of granitic magma - suggested by authority instruction idea though it does not correlate with those observed in deposits facts, which are not congruent with theoretic ideas and therefore they are not attracted for estimating the idea viability. Meanwhile the fact of simultaneous functioning of basic melts in mantle and forming mesothermal deposits of coloured metals solutions in crust after crystallization of granitic melts is proved by existence of aftergranitic till-ore, inside-ore basic dikes - transmitters of information about metalliferous solutions sources. This fact testifies about formation of mesothermal deposits of colour metals and gold on one script, there+ fore it is recommended to decide the problem of dependence of mesothermal ore-formation by magmatism in coloured metals depo+ sits according to the programme of the research described in this article.

The relevance of the research is caused by the necessity to correct and elaborate on geological (metallogenical) component of the hydrothermal gold deposits formation theory within the framework of which the conflicting ideas about ore-formation geological making (energy and metalliferous fluids sources) go in four competing hypotheses eliminating one other. Therefore it is impossible to develop a complex of effective forecast-search mineralization criteria. The main aim of the study is to prove: 1) the belonging epigenetic mineral associations at the ore-formation stage in near-ore alterating black shales series to metasomatic formations, contrary to the wide-spread ideas, and, as consequence, material-genetic similarity of apoblackshales zoning metasomatic columns (haloes) with those, formed in non-shale (crystalline) substratum; 2) external (non-rock) sources of gold and other metals, concentrated in deposits formed in black shales series. The methods used in the study. 1) Atom-absorption (sensitivity 1 - 10-8 wt. % for gold, silver, 5 - 10-7 wt. % for mercury), controlling neutron-stimulate, chemical-spectrum analysis for gold (sensitivity 1 - 10-8 and 3 - 10-8 wt. % accordingly). 2) Calculations of statistical parameters of metal distribution and balance in near-ore expanse of deposits using two-level system of selections, to ensure reconstruction of chemical elements geological history and proper appraisal of donor potential of the rocks including black shales. The results. 1)Distribution of gold and accompanying metals in near-ore space is subject to metasomatic zoning - near-ore geochemical haloes always take up lesser volumes comparatively with the near-ore metasomatic ones. It is expressed in subclark contents (0,5…1,2 mg/t) and low distribution dispersion of gold, silver, mercury in various rocks, including black shales regionally metamorphosed on muscovite-biotite paragenesis level outside and in weak alteration subzone of frontal zone of near-ore metasomatic haloes, and in sequential increase of these parameters, as well as Au-Ag-relation and correlative connections between gold and silver from one mineral-petrochemical zone to another at intensification of near-ore metasomatic rocks alterations with achievement of maximum quantities in rear zone the more the higher metal contents in ores. 2) It is developed and described the Petrologic Geochemic concept (model) of the near-ore metasomatism in the mesothermal gold deposits including: a) the proofs of the article of ore-formation stage epigenetic mineral associations in near-ore alterating black shales series, contrary to metamorphogenous and poligenous the ore-formation hypothesis, to metasomatic formations formed and in non-shales (crystalline) substratum; b) sinore origin of contrasting geochemic anomalies metals (beyong-clarc their contents) in near-ore mesothermal gold deposits space that is external (non-rock) of gold and other metals sources, concentrated in deposits formed in black shales series and crystalline substratum. The received results fit in well in the proofs system of the geologic genetic of discussing combinations of gold-ore deposits monotony, their article to mesothermal ones and formation in black shales series and non-shale substratum in composition of gold-productive antidromic fluid-ore-magmatic granite-diorite- dolerite complexes on late (basaltoid) stages of their functioning.

The relevance of the research. In reconstruction of gold, coloured metals, uranium deposits formation there are the problems which have not been solved up to now. The evident necessity in correct solutions of these problems for deepening - developing - hydrothermal ore-formation theory and improving the forecast-prospecting criteria mineralization complexes encourages the search and elimination of objective and possible subjective reasons leading to endless discussions justified before by shortage of data but which became more intelligible as much as new knowledge accumulation. The main aim of the research. To develop the discrepancies reasons identical to the natural processes of their reconstruction and elimination of the reasons, estimated by the author as subjective ones, the author suggests and discusses the known before and authorsґ solutions of the following key debatable ore geology problems: 1) problem of near-ore metasomatic zoning formation in its near-vein (near-fracture) version; 2) problem of gold sources concentrated in ores among crystalline substratum and black shales; 3) problem of formation of mesothermal gold deposits leading to magmatism and metamorphism; 4) problem of formational typization of hard useful mineral deposits as means of realization of the objective priority inductive method of ore-formation understanding in combining with the deductive one. The methods of the research. To solve each problem the author: 1) analyzed the existing ideas for appraisal of their conformity to contemporary data; 2) introduces the authorґs materials, suggested for substantiation of the problems correct solutions, and they are discussed. The results of the research. In solution of the first problem by means of the results analyses of mineral-petrochemical study of the beresite metasomatic formation zone columns, formed in plutonic and volcanic, metamorphic, sedimentary, including black shales, rocks in nineteen gold mesothermal deposits of Siberian craton south mountine-folded frame and other regions it is explained the non-conformity of the following from the D.S. Korzhinsky metasomatic zoning theory model to natural metasomatic columns - the monomineral rear zone prescribed by the theory is not formed. In rear zone the mineral number is comparable with mineral number in other zones, including that in initial rocks. Polymineral composition of the rear zone of the metasomatic columns is caused by migration of the petrogenous components, proved by balance calculations, - their counter diffusion from fracture solutions to pore solutions of side rocks and from pore solutions to fracture solutions as well as by portioning mode of the injection of metal

The relevance of the research is caused by the necessity to correct and elaborate on geological (metallogenical) component of the hydrothermal gold deposits formation theory within the framework of which the conflicting ideas about ore-formation geological making (energy and metalliferous fluids sources) go in four competing hypotheses eliminating one other. Therefore it is impossible to develop a complex of effective forecast-search mineralization criteria. The main aim of the study is to prove the belonging epigenetic mineral associations at the ore-formation stage in near-ore alterating black shales series to metasomatic formations, contrary to the wide-spread ideas, and, as consequence, material-genetic similarity of apoblackshales zoning metasomatic columns (haloes) with those, formedin non-shale (crystalline) substratum; external (non-rock) sources of gold and other metals, concentrated in deposits formed in black shales series.