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Biotechnological processes are essential for developing economies that aim to stand out in future markets. The use of bioreactors is one of the most important unit operations of biotechnological processes, and real-time monitoring of bioreactors is essential to ensure precise bioprocess control. This review presents different types of bioreactors, sensors, and applications in other sectors. Bioreactors, controlled systems for cultivating microorganisms and cells, are essential tools in various fields, from scientific research to industrial production. The use of a variety of sensors is critical for accurate, real-time monitoring, early problem detection, reproducibility, cost reduction, and increased efficiency. These benefits are being realized in numerous applications, including biofuel production, bioremediation and leaching processes, tissue engineering, and drug manufacturing. Innovations in bioreactor technology are expanding opportunities for a more sustainable and healthier future. By developing new types of bioreactors, integrating advanced sensors, and exploring promising applications, bioreactors are playing a key role in addressing global challenges and sustainably advancing science and technology.

Several people suffer from diseases and injuries and many of them die because of late diagnostic and/or inefficient treatment. Many of these diseases affect humans and animals, and animals can be vectors for humans. In this perspective, it is necessary works that integrate humans, animals, and ecosystems, thus, to arise the One Health. Along with it, nanotechnology is a great alternative to improve health care, due to its revolutionary and complex properties. Although, how can nanomaterials be capable of work with or against cells, tissues, drugs, and medical devices? There are already many products in the market, but there are a lot of challenges to face and a whole new world to discover. In this article are given the application of nanostructures in diagnostic, therapy, medical devices, tissue and implant engineering, human health and animal, and a future perspective.