19 results on '"Hurd, Caitlin"'
Search Results
2. Perspectives of parents partnering with physical therapists to deliver intensive rehabilitation for their young children with perinatal stroke: A qualitative study.
- Author
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Hurd, Caitlin L., Pritchard, Lesley, and Yang, Jaynie F.
- Subjects
- *
PARENT attitudes , *MATERNAL health services , *PHYSICAL therapy , *RESEARCH methodology , *HOME care services , *MEDICAL care , *INTERVIEWING , *MEDICAL personnel , *QUALITATIVE research , *LEG , *CONCEPTUAL structures , *PATIENTS' families , *PARENTING , *PARADIGMS (Social sciences) , *STROKE rehabilitation , *INTERPROFESSIONAL relations , *EARLY intervention (Education) , *RESEARCH funding , *CEREBRAL palsy , *EXERCISE therapy , *DISEASE complications , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Background: Parental participation in their young children's rehabilitation has been promoted to increase intervention intensity, but parents' perspectives on increased involvement remain unclear. The objective of this study was to explore parents' experiences partnering with physical therapists (PTs) to administer early, intensive rehabilitation to their young children with cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Twelve mothers and one father of children between 8 months and 3 years old with CP were interviewed. Semistructured interviews were conducted before and after parents partnered with a PT to deliver a 12 week activity‐based intervention targeting their child's lower extremities. The intervention occurred in the child's home and in PT clinical sites. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interpretive description was used as the methodological framework. Results: The three themes were (1) focus on maximizing the child's potential, (2) participation in intensive rehabilitation is challenging, and (3) the importance of a positive experience with therapy. Families discussed a number of barriers and facilitators to participating in intensive rehabilitation. Conclusions: These results provide considerations for clinicians and researchers to facilitate meaningful engagement of parents in their young children's rehabilitation. This is especially important with increasing evidence for early, activity‐based interventions for young children with CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Retraining walking over ground in a powered exoskeleton after spinal cord injury: a prospective cohort study to examine functional gains and neuroplasticity
- Author
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Khan, Atif S., Livingstone, Donna C., Hurd, Caitlin L., Duchcherer, Jennifer, Misiaszek, John E., Gorassini, Monica A., Manns, Patricia J., and Yang, Jaynie F.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Engaging the Lower Extremity via Active Therapy Early (ELEVATE) Is Feasible and May Improve Gross Motor Function in Children with Spastic Bilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series.
- Author
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Hurd, Caitlin L., Livingstone, Donna, Smith, Allison, and Yang, Jaynie F.
- Subjects
PILOT projects ,PHYSICAL therapy ,GAIT in humans ,TREADMILLS ,LEG ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,SPASTICITY ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,WALKING ,CEREBRAL palsy ,STATISTICAL sampling ,EARLY medical intervention ,MOTOR ability ,EXERCISE therapy ,CEREBRAL ischemia ,KINEMATICS ,WEIGHT-bearing (Orthopedics) ,CHILDREN - Abstract
Copyright of Physiotherapy Canada is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
5. Perspectives of people with spinal cord injury learning to walk using a powered exoskeleton
- Author
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Manns, Patricia J., Hurd, Caitlin, and Yang, Jaynie F.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Improved single pellet grasping using automated ad libitum full-time training robot
- Author
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Fenrich, Keith K., May, Zacnicte, Hurd, Caitlin, Boychuk, Carolyn E., Kowalczewski, Jan, Bennett, David J., Whishaw, Ian Q., and Fouad, Karim
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Neural Plasticity in Spinal and Corticospinal Pathways Induced by Balance Training in Neurologically Intact Adults: A Systematic Review.
- Author
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Yao Sun, Hurd, Caitlin L., Barnes, Michelle M., and Yang, Jaynie F.
- Subjects
NEUROPLASTICITY ,TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation ,OLDER people ,ADULTS ,H-reflex - Abstract
Balance training, defined here as training of postural equilibrium, improves postural control and reduces the rate of falls especially in older adults. This systematic review aimed to determine the neuroplasticity induced by such training in younger (18-30 years old) and older adults (≥65 years old). We focused on spinal and corticospinal pathways, as studied with electrophysiology, in people without neurological or other systemic disorders. We were specifically interested in the change in the excitability of these pathways before and after training. Searches were conducted in four databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase. A total of 1,172 abstracts were screened, and 14 articles were included. Quality of the studies was evaluated with the Downs and Black checklist. Twelve of the studies measured spinal reflexes, with ten measuring the soleus H-reflex. The H-reflex amplitude was consistently reduced in younger adults after balance training, while mixed results were found in older adults, with many showing an increase in the H-reflex after training. The differences in results between studies of younger vs. older adults may be related to the differences in their H-reflexes at baseline, with older adults showing much smaller H-reflexes than younger adults. Five studies measured corticospinal and intracortical excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Younger adults showed reduced corticospinal excitability and enhanced intracortical inhibition after balance training. Two studies on older adults reported mixed results after training. No conclusions could be drawn for corticospinal and intracortical plasticity given the small number of studies. Overall, balance training inducedmeasurable change in spinal excitability, with different changes seen in younger compared to older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Early, Intensive, Lower Extremity Rehabilitation Shows Preliminary Efficacy After Perinatal Stroke: Results of a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Author
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Hurd, Caitlin, Livingstone, Donna, Brunton, Kelly, Smith, Allison, Gorassini, Monica, Watt, Man-Joe, Andersen, John, Kirton, Adam, and Yang, Jaynie F.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Repairing the injured spinal cord: sprouting versus regeneration. Is this a realistic match?
- Author
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Fouad, Karim and Hurd, Caitlin
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Electrical Stimulation as a Tool to Promote Plasticity of the Injured Spinal Cord.
- Author
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Jack, Andrew S., Hurd, Caitlin, Martin, John, and Fouad, Karim
- Subjects
- *
SPINAL cord , *PERIPHERAL nervous system , *CENTRAL nervous system , *SPINAL cord injuries , *NERVOUS system regeneration , *PYRAMIDAL tract - Abstract
Unlike their peripheral nervous system counterparts, the capacity of central nervous system neurons and axons for regeneration after injury is minimal. Although a myriad of therapies (and different combinations thereof) to help promote repair and recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) have been trialed, few have progressed from bench-top to bedside. One of the few such therapies that has been successfully translated from basic science to clinical applications is electrical stimulation (ES). Although the use and study of ES in peripheral nerve growth dates back nearly a century, only recently has it started to be used in a clinical setting. Since those initial experiments and seminal publications, the application of ES to restore function and promote healing have greatly expanded. In this review, we discuss the progression and use of ES over time as it pertains to promoting axonal outgrowth and functional recovery post-SCI. In doing so, we consider four major uses for the study of ES based on the proposed or documented underlying mechanism: (1) using ES to introduce an electric field at the site of injury to promote axonal outgrowth and plasticity; (2) using spinal cord ES to activate or to increase the excitability of neuronal networks below the injury; (3) using motor cortex ES to promote corticospinal tract axonal outgrowth and plasticity; and (4) leveraging the timing of paired stimuli to produce plasticity. Finally, the use of ES in its current state in the context of human SCI studies is discussed, in addition to ongoing research and current knowledge gaps, to highlight the direction of future studies for this therapeutic modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Parents' Perspectives of Partnering With Therapists to Administer Intensive Rehabilitation for Children With Perinatal Stroke.
- Author
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Hurd, Caitlin, Pritchard, Lesley, and Yang, Jaynie
- Abstract
Parental participation in their young children's rehabilitation has been promoted to increase intervention intensity. Yet, parents' perspectives on increased involvement, including the barriers and facilitators, remain unclear. The objective of this study was to explore parent perspectives of partnering with therapists to administer early, intensive rehabilitation to their children with perinatal stroke. Parents participated in semi-structured interviews before and after partnering with a physical therapist (PT) to deliver a 12-week intervention for their child. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Interpretive description methodology was used to generate knowledge that is relevant for clinical practice. Rehabilitation occurred in the child's home and in pediatric physical therapy clinical sites in three cities in Canada. Twelve Parents (11 mothers, 1 father) of children between 8 months and 3 years old with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) as a result of perinatal stroke. A diverse group was sampled including single parents, parents of one or multiple children, parents working in and outside the home, families who had immigrated to Canada and families with a wide range of previous experience with rehabilitation. The intervention was ELEVATE (Engaging the Lower Extremity Via Active Therapy Early), a play-based PT intervention targeting the lower extremity of children with CP. The intervention was 1 hour/day, 4 days/week for 12 weeks and was administered by a PT in partnership with parents (2 sessions delivered by each/week). N/A. The three themes were 1) the importance of taking a positive approach to therapy, 2) the focus on maximizing their child's potential, and 3) participating in intensive rehabilitation is "worth it", despite the challenges. Families discussed the importance of making therapy fun, the value of intervening when their child is young, and a number of barriers to participating in intensive rehabilitation including long commutes and requiring child care for siblings. These results will help facilitate meaningful engagement of parents in their children's rehabilitation, especially early, intensive rehabilitation and home exercise programs. None. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Cortical electrical stimulation in female rats with a cervical spinal cord injury to promote axonal outgrowth.
- Author
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Jack, Andrew S., Hurd, Caitlin, Forero, Juan, Nataraj, Andrew, Fenrich, Keith, Blesch, Armin, and Fouad, Karim
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Early Intensive Leg Training to Enhance Walking in Children With Perinatal Stroke: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Author
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Hurd, Caitlin, Livingstone, Donna, Brunton, Kelly, Teves, Michelle, Zewdie, Ephrem, Smith, Allison, Ciechanski, Patrick, Gorassini, Monica A., Kirton, Adam, Watt, Man-Joe, Andersen, John, Yager, Jerome, and Yang, Jaynie F.
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATION of parents , *WALKING , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology) , *HOME care services , *KINEMATICS , *RESEARCH methodology , *PHYSICAL therapy for children , *REFLEXES , *REHABILITATION , *RESEARCH funding , *STROKE , *T-test (Statistics) , *SAMPLE size (Statistics) , *EARLY intervention (Education) , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *BLIND experiment , *STROKE rehabilitation , *CHILDREN - Abstract
Background. Development of motor pathways is modulated by activity in these pathways, when they are maturing (ie, critical period). Perinatal stroke injures motor pathways, including the corticospinal tracts, reducing their activity and impairing motor function. Current intervention for the lower limb emphasizes passive approaches (stretching, braces, botulinum toxin injections). The study hypothesis was that intensive, early, child-initiated activity during the critical period will enhance connectivity of motor pathways to the legs and improve motor function. Objective. The study objective was to determine whether early intervention with intensive activity is better than standard care, intervention delivered during the proposed critical period is better than after, and the outcomes are different when the intervention is delivered by a physical therapist in an institution vs. a parent at home. Design. A prospective, delay-group, single-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) and a parallel, cohort study of children living beyond commuting distance and receiving an intervention delivered by their parent. Setting. The RCT intervention was provided in university laboratories, and parent training was provided in the childs home. Participants. Children 8 months to 3 years old with MRI-confirmed perinatal ischemic stroke and early signs of hemiparesis. Intervention. Intensive, play-based leg activity with weights for the affected leg and foot, 1 hour/day, 4 days/week for 12 weeks. Measurements. The primary outcome was the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 score. Secondary outcomes were motion analysis of walking, full-day step counts, motor evoked potentials from transcranial magnetic stimulation, and patellar tendon reflexes. Limitations. Inter-individual heterogeneity in the severity of the stroke and behavioral differences are substantial but measurable. Differences in intervention delivery and assessment scoring are minimized by standardization and training. Conclusions. The intervention, contrary to current practice, could change physical therapy interventions for children with perinatal stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Inhibiting cortical protein kinase A in spinal cord injured rats enhances efficacy of rehabilitative training.
- Author
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Wei, David, Hurd, Caitlin, Galleguillos, Danny, Singh, Jyoti, Fenrich, Keith K., Webber, Christine A., Sipione, Simonetta, and Fouad, Karim
- Subjects
- *
SPINAL cord injuries , *CYCLIC-AMP-dependent protein kinase , *MEDICAL rehabilitation , *CYCLIC adenylic acid , *SECOND messengers (Biochemistry) , *LABORATORY rats - Abstract
Elevated levels of the second messenger molecule cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) are often associated with neuron sprouting and neurite extension (i.e., neuroplasticity). Phosphokinase A (PKA) is a prominent downstream target of cAMP that has been associated with neurite outgrowth. We hypothesized that rehabilitative motor training following spinal cord injuries promotes neuroplasticity via PKA activation. However, in two independent experiments, inhibition of cortical PKA using Rp-cAMPS throughout rehabilitative training robustly increased functional recovery and collateral sprouting of injured corticospinal tract axons, an indicator of neuroplasticity. Consistent with these in vivo findings, using cultured ST Hdh neurons, we found that Rp-cAMPS had no effect on the phosphorylation of CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein), a prominent downstream target of PKA, even with the concomitant application of the adenylate cyclase agonist forskolin to increase cAMP levels. Conversely, when cAMP levels were increased using the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX, Rp-cAMPS potently inhibited CREB phosphorylation. Taken together, our results suggest that an alternate cAMP dependent pathway was involved in increasing CREB phosphorylation and neuroplasticity. This idea was supported by an in vitro neurite outgrowth assay, where inhibiting PKA did enhance neurite outgrowth. However, when PKA inhibition was combined with inhibition of EPAC2 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP), another downstream target of cAMP in neurons, neurite outgrowth was significantly reduced. In conclusion, blocking PKA in cortical neurons of spinal cord injured rats increases neurite outgrowth of the lesioned corticospinal tract fibres and the efficacy of rehabilitative training, likely via EPAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. A Simple Analogy for Nervous System Plasticity After Injury.
- Author
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Fouad, Karim, Forero, Juan, and Hurd, Caitlin
- Abstract
When considering plasticity, the central nervous system can be viewed as a building block house. After damage, building components might be lost or loosened and may be rearranged by renovation, analogous to neuroplasticity that occurs after central nervous system injury. In both scenarios, the location and severity of damage will determine the efficacy of renovation/rehabilitation and thus the quality of the adapted structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Functional testing in animal models of spinal cord injury: ot as straight forward as one would think.
- Author
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Fouad, Karim, Hurd, Caitlin, and Magnuson, David S. K.
- Subjects
THERAPEUTICS ,SPINAL cord injuries ,ANIMAL models in research ,GAIT disorders ,ACQUISITIVENESS ,FUNCTIONAL analysis - Abstract
When exploring potential treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI), functional recovery is deemed the most relevant outcome measure when it comes to translational considerations. Yet, assessing such recovery and potential treatment effects is challenging and the pitfalls are frequently underestimated. The consequences are that in many cases positive results cannot be reliably replicated, and likely treatments that appear to lack effects have been dismissed prematurely. In this article we review the relationships between lesion location/severity and functional outcomes with specific consideration given to floor and ceiling effects. The roles of compensatory strategies, the challenges of distinguishing them from bona fide recovery, and of comparing function to pre-injury levels given the variability inherent in animal testing are discussed. Ultimately, we offer a series of considerations to enhance the power of functional analysis in animal models of SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Short-Term Visual Deprivation Does Not Enhance Passive Tactile Spatial Acuity.
- Author
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Wong, Michael, Hackeman, Erik, Hurd, Caitlin, and Goldreich, Daniel
- Subjects
LITERATURE reviews ,VISUAL acuity ,NEUROSCIENCES ,SQUARE waves ,FINGERS ,BLINDNESS ,TACTILE adaptation - Abstract
An important unresolved question in sensory neuroscience is whether, and if so with what time course, tactile perception is enhanced by visual deprivation. In three experiments involving 158 normally sighted human participants, we assessed whether tactile spatial acuity improves with short-term visual deprivation over periods ranging from under 10 to over 110 minutes. We used an automated, precisely controlled two-interval forced-choice grating orientation task to assess each participant's ability to discern the orientation of square-wave gratings pressed against the stationary index finger pad of the dominant hand. A two-down one-up staircase (Experiment 1) or a Bayesian adaptive procedure (Experiments 2 and 3) was used to determine the groove width of the grating whose orientation each participant could reliably discriminate. The experiments consistently showed that tactile grating orientation discrimination does not improve with short-term visual deprivation. In fact, we found that tactile performance degraded slightly but significantly upon a brief period of visual deprivation (Experiment 1) and did not improve over periods of up to 110 minutes of deprivation (Experiments 2 and 3). The results additionally showed that grating orientation discrimination tends to improve upon repeated testing, and confirmed that women significantly outperform men on the grating orientation task. We conclude that, contrary to two recent reports but consistent with an earlier literature, passive tactile spatial acuity is not enhanced by short-term visual deprivation. Our findings have important theoretical and practical implications. On the theoretical side, the findings set limits on the time course over which neural mechanisms such as crossmodal plasticity may operate to drive sensory changes; on the practical side, the findings suggest that researchers who compare tactile acuity of blind and sighted participants should not blindfold the sighted participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Neural Plasticity in Spinal and Corticospinal Pathways Induced by Balance Training in Neurologically Intact Adults: A Systematic Review.
- Author
-
Sun Y, Hurd CL, Barnes MM, and Yang JF
- Abstract
Balance training, defined here as training of postural equilibrium, improves postural control and reduces the rate of falls especially in older adults. This systematic review aimed to determine the neuroplasticity induced by such training in younger (18-30 years old) and older adults (≥65 years old). We focused on spinal and corticospinal pathways, as studied with electrophysiology, in people without neurological or other systemic disorders. We were specifically interested in the change in the excitability of these pathways before and after training. Searches were conducted in four databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Embase. A total of 1,172 abstracts were screened, and 14 articles were included. Quality of the studies was evaluated with the Downs and Black checklist. Twelve of the studies measured spinal reflexes, with ten measuring the soleus H-reflex. The H-reflex amplitude was consistently reduced in younger adults after balance training, while mixed results were found in older adults, with many showing an increase in the H-reflex after training. The differences in results between studies of younger vs. older adults may be related to the differences in their H-reflexes at baseline, with older adults showing much smaller H-reflexes than younger adults. Five studies measured corticospinal and intracortical excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Younger adults showed reduced corticospinal excitability and enhanced intracortical inhibition after balance training. Two studies on older adults reported mixed results after training. No conclusions could be drawn for corticospinal and intracortical plasticity given the small number of studies. Overall, balance training induced measurable change in spinal excitability, with different changes seen in younger compared to older adults., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Sun, Hurd, Barnes and Yang.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Functional testing in animal models of spinal cord injury: not as straight forward as one would think.
- Author
-
Fouad K, Hurd C, and Magnuson DS
- Abstract
When exploring potential treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI), functional recovery is deemed the most relevant outcome measure when it comes to translational considerations. Yet, assessing such recovery and potential treatment effects is challenging and the pitfalls are frequently underestimated. The consequences are that in many cases positive results cannot be reliably replicated, and likely treatments that appear to lack effects have been dismissed prematurely. In this article we review the relationships between lesion location/severity and functional outcomes with specific consideration given to floor and ceiling effects. The roles of compensatory strategies, the challenges of distinguishing them from bona fide recovery, and of comparing function to pre-injury levels given the variability inherent in animal testing are discussed. Ultimately, we offer a series of considerations to enhance the power of functional analysis in animal models of SCI.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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