Search

Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and differences in the expression levels of the ER, PR, and HER2 the triplet of established biomarkers used for clinical decision-making have been reported among breast cancer patients. Furthermore, resistance to anti-estrogen and anti-HER2 therapies emerges in a considerable rate of breast cancer patients, and novel drug therapies are required. Several anomalous signaling pathways have been known in breast cancer have been known; heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is one of the most plenty proteins in breast cells. The family of ubiquitin ligases such as SIAH1 and SIAH2 is known to specifically target misfolded proteins to the proteasome; also, they have been illustrated to play a role in RAS signaling and as an essential downstream signaling component required for EGFR/HER2 in breast cancer. Methods: The expression of SIAH2, HSP90, and HER2 was assessed by quantitative Real-Time PCR in 85 invasive ductal carcinoma breast tumor samples at Uludag University Hospital in Turkey during the years 2018–2019, and its association with the clinicopathologic variables of patients was evaluated. Results: HSP90, SIAH1, and SIAH2 were significantly (P=0.0271, P=0.022, and P=0.0311) upregulated tumor tissue of patients with breast cancer. Moreover, this study observed a significant association between the high expression of SIAH2/ HSP90 with ER status, high expression of HSP90 with Recurrence/ Metastasis, and high expression of SIAH2 with Ki-67 proliferation index. Conclusion: The HSP90 and SIAH2 expressions play a significant role in breast cancer development by combining the experimental and clinical data obtained from the literature.

Key Clinical Message Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may offer several potential advantages in the evaluation of lymphoma with the additive value of H1‐MRS for differential diagnosis. Even though lymphoma has unique imaging findings on CT and multiparametric MRI, definite diagnosis must be thoroughly established by histopathological examination.

To evaluate the effects of nicorandil in a rat kidney model of partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO). Thirty male rats were randomly divided into three groups as follows: (1) Group 1 (Sham-control), ureters of the rats were manipulated but not ligated; (2) Group 2 (PUUO-untreated), PUUO was performed with two-thirds of the left ureter embedded in the psoas muscle; and (3) Group 3 (PUUO-nicorandil treated). After PUUO was established, nicorandil (15 mg/kg/day) was administered by gastric lavage for 21 days to determine its effects on PUUO-induced histopathological-, functional-, and oxidative stress-induced changes. The serum levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were reduced in Group 3. The level of urinary albumin and the ratio of urinary protein/creatinine were increased in the kidneys of Group 2 but decreased in Group 3. Malondialdehyde value was decreased in Group 3 compared with Group 2. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) were decreased in Group 2. Nicorandil treatment caused an increase in these enzyme activities. In Group 3, leukocyte infiltration and tubular dilatation were significantly reduced. Other parameters, such as degeneration of tubular epithelium and fibrosis, also showed a marked improvement in Group 3. Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in Group 2 and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in Group 3 were significantly elevated. Nicorandil can inhibit renal tubular damage and tubulointerstitial fibrosis by reducing the effects of oxidative stress after PUUO.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of sirolimus (SRL) on renal injury in rats with bile duct ligation. METHODS: A total of 21 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-260g were used. Group 1 (Sham-control, n=7) rats were undergone laparotomy alone and bile duct was just dissected from the surrounding tissue. Group 2 rats (BDL/Untreated, n=7) were subjected to bile duct ligation and no drug was applied. Group 3 rats (BDL/SRL, n =7) received a daily dose of sirolimus (0.5 mg·day-1xkg-1 dissolved 1 ml in saline) by orogastric tube for 14 days after BDL. At the end of the two-week period, biochemical and histological evaluation were processed. RESULTS: AST, ALT, AP and TB levels values were decreased in group 3 when compared to group 2. There was no significant difference in serum levels of BUN and creatinine among all the experimental groups. Histological evaluation of the liver of BDL/Untreated group rats demonstrated marked portal fibrosis and signs of major bile duct obstruction with prominent portal and lobular inflammation. In BDL/SRL group, moderate damage was seen. Tubular injury scores were higher in the BDL subgroups; however, group 3 rats showed considerably fewer lesions in the tubules and interstitium compared to the group 2 rats. In group 2 animals, in the epithelial cells of proximal tubules presented vacuoles and hydropic changes, atrophy and inflammatory cell infiltrate in the medullar interstitium. CONCLUSIONS: Sirolimus decreased tubulointerstitial lesions in kidney induced by bile duct ligation in rats. The improve effects of sirolimus on renal morphology can be due to improved liver function or due to direct action on the kidney.OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos do sirolimo (SRL) na lesão renal induzida pela ligadura do ducto biliar em ratos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 21 ratos Sprague-Dawley pesando entre 220-260 g. Grupo 1 (Sham-controle, n=7) submetidos a laparotomia e o ducto biliar dissecado do tecido circundante. Grupo 2 (BDL/Não tratado, n=7) foram submetidos a ligadura do ducto biliar e nenhuma droga foi aplicada. Grupo 3 (BDL/SRL, n=7) receberam dose diária de sirolimo (0,5 mg dia-1xkg-1 dissolvido em 1 ml em solução salina) por tubo orogástrico por 14 dias após BDL. Após duas semanas era realizada avaliação bioquímica e histológica. RESULTADOS: Níveis de AST, ALT, AP e TB estavam diminuídos no grupo 3 comparado ao grupo 2. Não houve diferença significante nos níveis séricos de BUN e creatinina em todos os grupos. Observou-se na avaliação histológica evidente fibrose portal e sinais de obstrução do ducto biliar com evidente inflamação portal e lobular. No grupo BDL/SRL verificou-se dano moderado. Lesão tubular foi maior nos subgrupos BDL; entretanto, o grupo 3 mostrou considerável menos lesões nos túbulos e interstício comparados ao grupo 2. No grupo 2 as células epiteliais dos túbulos proximais apresentaram vacúolos e alterações hidrópicas, atrofia e infiltrado celular inflamatório no interstício medular. CONCLUSÕES: Sirolimo diminuiu lesões tubulointersticial no rim induzida pela ligadura do ducto biliar em ratos. Os efeitos benéficos do sirolimo na morfologia renal pode ser devida à melhora da função hepática ou devido à ação direta no rim.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of iloprost a prostacyclin analogue on the hepatic IR injury in rats. METHODS: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were divided into four groups each containing 10 rats;(1)- controls: data from unmanipulated animals; (2) sham group: rats subjected to the surgical procedure, except for liver I/R, and given saline; (3) I/R group: rats that underwent liver ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 45 min; (4) IR/ Iloprost group: rats pretreated with iloprost (10 µg kg-1, i.v). Liver tissues were taken to determine SOD, CAT, GSH, and MDA levels and for biochemical and histological evaluation. RESULTS: The plasma ALT and AST levels were increased in group 3 than in group 4. MDA values and the liver injury score decreased, while the SOD, CAT, and GSH values increased in group 4 compared to group 3. In group 3, hepatocytes were swollen with marked vacuolization. In group 4, there were regular sinusoidal structures with normal morphology without any signs of congestion. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated hepatoprotective effects of iloprost against severe ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat liver.OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do iloprost, um análogo da prostaciclina nos danos causados ao fígado de ratos pela lesão de IR. MÉTODOS: Quarenta ratos machos Sprague-Dawley (250-300 g) foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de dez; - (1) grupo de controle: dados de animais não manipulados; (2) grupo "sham": ratos que sofreram intervenção cirúrgica sem I/R, aos quais foram administrados solução salina; (3) grupo I/R; animais que foram submetidos à isquemia por 45 minutos seguida de reperfusão por 45 minutos; (4) grupo I R/Iloprost: ratos previamente tratados com Iloprost ( 10µ kg-1, i.v). Tecidos hepáticos foram retirados para determinar os níveis de SOD, CAT, GSH, e MDA e para avaliação bioquímica e histológica. RESULTADOS: Os níveis de plasma ALT e AST aumentaram no grupo 3 mais do que no grupo 4. Os valores de MDA e o índice de lesões hepáticas diminuíram, enquanto os valores de SOD, CAT e GSH aumentaram no grupo 4, em comparação com o grupo3. No grupo 3, os hepatócitos se apresentaram edemaciados, e vacuolizados. No grupo 4, havia estruturas sinusoidais regulares, apresentando morfologia normal, sem sinais de congestão. CONCLUSÃO: Demonstramos os efeitos hepato-protetores do Iloprost contra a isquemia grave e o dano de reperfusão no fígado de ratos.

Introduction Patients with a first venous thromboembolism (VTE) are at risk of recurrence. Recurrent VTE (rVTE) can be prevented by extended anticoagulant therapy, but this comes at the cost of an increased risk of bleeding. It is still uncertain whether patients with an intermediate recurrence risk or with a high recurrence and high bleeding risk will benefit from extended anticoagulant treatment, and whether a strategy where anticoagulant duration is tailored on the predicted risks of rVTE and bleeding can improve outcomes. The aim of the Leiden Thrombosis Recurrence Risk Prevention (L-TRRiP) study is to evaluate the outcomes of tailored duration of long-term anticoagulant treatment based on individualised assessment of rVTE and major bleeding risks.Methods and analysis The L-TRRiP study is a multicentre, open-label, cohort-based, randomised controlled trial, including patients with a first VTE. We classify the risk of rVTE and major bleeding using the L-TRRiP and VTE-BLEED scores, respectively. After 3 months of anticoagulant therapy, patients with a low rVTE risk will discontinue anticoagulant treatment, patients with a high rVTE and low bleeding risk will continue anticoagulant treatment, whereas all other patients will be randomised to continue or discontinue anticoagulant treatment. All patients will be followed up for at least 2 years. Inclusion will continue until the randomised group consists of 608 patients; we estimate to include 1600 patients in total. The primary outcome is the combined incidence of rVTE and major bleeding in the randomised group after 2 years of follow-up. Secondary outcomes include the incidence of rVTE and major bleeding, functional outcomes, quality of life and cost-effectiveness in all patients.Ethics and dissemination The protocol was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee Leiden-Den Haag-Delft. Results are expected in 2028 and will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and during (inter)national conferences.Trial registration number NCT06087952.

The study was conducted on Abies trees located in Kirazhyayla - Sanalan camping and daily picnic areas in the Uludag National Park. The epiphytic lichen diversity decreases due to differences in microclimate and intensive use of picnic areas by people. Relative humidity and bark surface moisture decreased due to an increase in the amount of light in picnic areas. Relative humidity in Sarialan picnic areas significantly affects the epiphytic lichen diversity and causes a significant decrease in lichen species. Relative humidity and light are the most important factors affecting the diversity and structure of epiphytic lichen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the localization and histopathological diagnosis, and clinicopathologic characteristics of primary extranodal lymphomas. Methods: The pathology reports between 2001 and 2015 in the archives of Uludag University Faculty of Medicine Pathology Department were reviewed and all cases with an extranodal lymphoma diagnosis were analyzed. The information about the diagnosis, tumor localization, symptoms at presentation, presence of B symptoms, lymphocytosis and anemia, chronic infection and chronic disease and concomitant secondary malignancy, tumor diameter, the involvement of another extranodal organ, lymph node, bone marrow, spleen, liver, stage of the disease, serum B2 microglobulin, LDH, albumin levels, sedimentation rate were documented. The localization, histopathological types, age groups, male/female ratios in cases of primary extranodal lymphoma were evaluated. Results: Total sum of 1743 patients were diagnosed with lymphoma. 480 (%27,53) of these cases were extranodal lymphomas. The most commonly encountered locations of extranodal lymphomas were the skin and the gastrointestinal system. There were 226 primary extranodal skin, 90 gastrointestinal system, 44 central nervous system, 8 genitourinary system, 50 head and neck, 18 musculoskeletal system and soft tissue, 9 mediastinum, 3 bronchus, 10 orbital, 2 liver, 6 pancreas, 4 omentum, 8 endocrine system, and 2 breast located cases. 237 of the primary extranodal lymphomas from our work were mature T/NK celled neoplasias. There were 250 patients with mature B cell lymphoma, 5 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma, and 5 cases of precursor lymphoid neoplasia. Conclusions: The data from our series were coherent with the literature. Due to the small number of cases with some localization and some histopathological diagnosis, no significant results could be reached about these entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholesterol (C27H46O) is a lipid-derived substance found in lipoproteins and cell membranes. It is also one of the main sources for the production of bile acids, vitamin D, and steroid hormones. Today, foods are evaluated by consumers not only according to their taste and nutritional content but also according to their effects on consumer health. For example, many consumers choose foods according to their cholesterol level. The cholesterol in the food can directly affect the blood cholesterol level when consumed, which can lead to cardiovascular diseases. High levels of cholesterol can lead to diet-related human diseases such as cardiac arrest, paralysis, type II diabetes, and cerebral hemorrhage. In societies with high living standards, interest in and consumption of foods that lower or have low cholesterol levels have increased recently. Accordingly, efforts to increase the variety of foods with reduced cholesterol levels are on the rise. This has indirectly led to the accurate measurement of cholesterol levels in blood and food being of great importance. Classical chemical, enzymatic, colorimetric, polarographic, chromatographic, and spectrophotometric methods; enzymatic, nonenzymatic, and electrochemical sensors; and biosensors are used for the determination of cholesterol in foods. The purpose of this review is to reveal and explore current and future trends in cholesterol detection methods in foods. This review will summarize the most appropriate and standard methods for measuring cholesterol in biological components and foods.

Ekolojik tasarım; yerleşimlerin çevre üzerindeki etkisinin azaltılması, etkin kaynak kullanımı, etkin enerji kullanımı, etkin su kullanımı ve ekosistemin korunması gibi tasarım bileşenleri kapsamında gerçekleştirilen tasarımlardır. Ekolojik tasarım kriterlerine göre düzenlenen kent parkları, kentlilere doğa ile bütünleşme olanağı sağlar ve kent ekolojisini olumlu etkiler. Şanlıurfa geleneksel kent dokusunda yoğun bir kullanıma sahip olan Balıklıgöl Kent Platosu’da insanların doğa ile bütünleştikleri ekosisteme katkısı olan mikro klima düzenleyici bir alandır. Ancak bu alanın kent ekolojisine daha çok katkısının olması için gerekli iyileştirmelerin yapılması gerekmektedir. Bu araştırma kapsamında Şanlıurfa kent bütünü için önemli bir rekreatif alan olan Balıklıgöl Kent Platosu doğal ve kültürel özellikleri ile tanıtılarak ekolojik tasarım kriterlerine uygunluğu kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu doğrultuda araştırma alanı; etkin kaynak kullanımı, etkin enerji kullanımı, etkin su kullanımı kriterlerine uygunluk ve ekosistemin korunması açısından 4 ana kategoride değerlendirilerek kentsel ekolojik kazanımlara yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir.

In this study, the preparation of tin(II) oxide/reduced graphene oxide (SnO/rGO) hybrid electrodes was simultaneously performed by a one-pot electrodeposition process for the first time by using a single cell. The morphological and structural characterizations of SnO/rGO were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the electrocatalytic activities of the electrode materials for the determination of DA were tested by the linear sweep voltammetry technique. Furthermore, the amperometric sensing of DA was carried out with a detection limit of 0.32 µM. The results suggest that our fabricated biosensor exhibited an ultrahigh sensitivity, low detection limit, and excellent selectivity.

Introduction Malignancies of the anal margin and perianal skin are relatively uncommon, and account for approximately 2% to 3% of all anorectal malignancies. Despite the fact that gastrointestinal presentation of lymphoma is not uncommon, primary localization of mantle cell lymphoma to the perianal region is rare. Case presentation We present the case of a 64-year-old Turkish man with a rapidly progressive perianal mass. Our patient had previously required medical treatment on multiple occasions for hemorrhoidal disease; however, the treatment was ineffective and gross lymph nodes were noted in his left inguinal region. Following excision of the mass and his lymph nodes, the pathological diagnosis of both tissues was mantle cell lymphoma. Conclusion Although gastrointestinal presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is common, the literature includes only a few cases of perianal localization. Our case illustrates the importance of suspicion and complete examination of perianal masses. In practice, examination of the inguinal region should be a part of routine proctological examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract  The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether mibefradil can reduce oxidative stress and histologic damage in the rat small bowel subjected to mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion injury. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 210 and 220 g were divided into three groups, each containing 10 rats: group 1, sham operation; group 2, untreated ischemia-reperfusion; and group 3, ischemia-reperfusion plus mibefradil treatment group. Intestinal ischemia for 45 min and reperfusion for 60 min were applied. Ileal specimens were obtained to determine the tissue levels of MDA, CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px and histologic changes. In group 2, MDA values were significantly increased compared to those in groups 1 and 3. In addition, SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px values decreased significantly in group 2 compared to groups 1 and 3. The intestinal injury score increased significantly in group 2 and 3 rats compared to group 1 rats. However, this increase was reduced in group 3 rats compared to group 2. Histopathologically, the rats in group 1 had essentially normal testicular architecture. In group 2 rats, the lesions varied between grade 3 and grade 5. In contrast, most of the specimens in the mibefradil-treated group 3 showed grade 1 injury. Mibefradil plays a role in attenuating reperfusion injury of the small intestine by depressing free radical production and mucosal injury score and regulating postischemic intestinal perfusion while restoring intestinal microcirculatory blood flow and encountered histologic injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates whether melatonin can improve the structure of the small intestine and enhance adaptation in an experimental model of short bowel syndrome. Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats were divided randomly into three experimental groups of 10 animals each. In one group, only laparotomy was performed and these rats served as the sham-control group (G1). The remaining 20 rats underwent 90% small bowel resection (SBR) and formed the two experimental groups: the SBR/untreated group (G2), and the SBR/melatonin-treated group (G3). Rats in the SBR/untreated group received no therapeutic treatment. Rats in the SBR/melatonin-treated group received melatonin intraperitoneally for 3 weeks. The animals were weighed daily. All rats underwent relaparotomy on day 21 of the experiment. Remnant small bowel was excised and evaluated for villus height, total mucosal thickness, and crypt cell mitosis. After the 90% SBR, all animals suffered from diarrhea and weight loss between the first and the sixth postoperative days. The body weight of the SBR/melatonin group showed significant increases at the beginning of postoperative day 10 and day 21 in comparison to that of the SBR/untreated group. The rats treated with melatonin had significantly greater villus height and crypt cell mitosis compared to the sham-control group and the SBR/untreated group. In addition, the mucosal thickness was significantly increased in the SBR/melatonin-treated group compared to the SBR/untreated rats. These observations suggest that melatonin treatment increases villus height, total mucosal thickness, and crypt cell mitosis after massive SBR and it may exert a considerable effect on the mucosal adaptive response in short bowel syndrome in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osmanlı Devleti'nde modem anlamda tıp eğitimi XIX. yüzyıl başlarına kadar dayandırılmaktadır. Önce Tersane Tıbbiyesinde sürdürülen modem tıp anlayışı, daha sonraTıphane ve Cerrahhane-i Amire'de ve ardından Galatasaray'da yeni binasına taşınarak 1839'da Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Adliye-i Şahane adını almış ve çalışmalarını sürdürmüştür. Modernleşmeyi sağlayabilmek için getirtilen, Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Adliye-i Şahane'nin müdürlüğüne kadar yükselen Dr. Charles Ambroisse Bernard, ömrünün sonuna kadar İstanbul'da okul için çalışmıştır. Dr. C.A. Bernard okulu kısa sürede Viyana'daki Josephinum Askeri Tıp Mektebini örnek alarak düzenlemiş, Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Adliye-i Şahane'yi batı tarzında eğitim yapan bir okul haline getirmeye çalışmıştır. Kütüphanesiyle, botanik bahçesiyle, eczacılık ve ebelik sınıflarıyla modernleştirilen tıp okulunda ilk defa, diseksiyon ve otopsi çalışmalarına Dr.C.A. Bernard'ın yoğun çabalarıyla dönemin padişahından bu konu da özel izin alınarak başlatılmış ve aralıksız yürütülmüştür. İstanbul'da kaldığı sürede bir çok eser de kalem alan Dr. C.A. Bernard 1844'ün son aylarında boynundaki bir iltihaptan hayatını kaybetmiştir. Çalışmamızda Dr. C.A. Bernard'ın Osmanlı Devleti için önemi vurgulandıktan sonra onun bu okul için çalışmalarını sürdürürken kaleme aldığı 4 büyük eseri tanıtılmaya çalışılmıştır. Her bir kitabı ayrı değer arz eden Dr. C.A. Bernard'ın Türkiye'de yayınlanmış bu eserleri yazıldıkları alanda büyük bir açığı kapatmaları açısından da önem arz etmektedir. Anahtar kelimeler: Charles Ambroisse Bernard, Eserler, Mekteb-i Tıbbiye-i Adliye-i Şahane.