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In this guest editorial, the author addresses the latest school shootings at the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida. This event is weighed up against reports written by prominent academics, including anthropologists, during previous school shootings.

Background: Providing care and support for a person with intellectual disabilities can be challenging and may negatively impact on family carers' health and wellbeing. A online support programme was co-designed with charitable organisations and family carers, to help meet the mental health and wellbeing needs of family carers. Objective: To test the acceptability of a newly developed online support programme for carers of people with profound and multiple intellectual disabilities. Methods: A sequential mixed-methods explanatory design was utilised. An adapted version of the Acceptability of Health Apps among Adolescents Scale was distributed to family carers across the United Kingdom and Ireland who had viewed the Carers-ID.com intervention. Participants were then invited to take part in an online interview. Qualitative and quantitative data were analysed separately and then brought together through the triangulation protocol. Results: Seventy family carers (47 female, 23 male) responded to the acceptability survey, with 10 (7 female, 3 male) taking part in interviews. Carers expressed high levels of programme acceptability (mean = 75.43 out of 88). Six themes were generated from interviews with family carers; i) time is precious, ii) the breadth and depth of module content, iii) it was somebody's experience; it was meaningful, iv) won't work for everyone, v) representation: people I could identify with, and vi) module specific suggestions for future changes. Based on our triangulation, four areas of convergence were identified: programme usability and ease, attitudes towards the programme, perceptions of effectiveness, and programme relatability. Conclusions: To be acceptable, online interventions for carers of people with intellectual disability need to be accessible, understandable and easy to use, as carers' free time can be limited. It would be important to investigate the effectiveness of online interventions for family carers, specifically considering which carers the intervention works for, and for whom it may not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the “Trieste model” of public psychiatry is one of the most progressive in the world. It was in Trieste, Italy, in the 1970s that the radical psychiatrist, Franco Basaglia, implemented his vision of anti-institutional, democratic psychiatry. The Trieste model put the suffering person—not his or her disorders—at the center of the health care system. The model, revolutionary in its time, began with the “negation” and “destruction” of the traditional mental asylum (‘manicomio’). A novel community mental health system replaced the mental institution. To achieve this, the Trieste model promoted the social inclusion and full citizenship of users of mental health services. Trieste has been a collaborating center of the WHO for four decades with a goal of disseminating its practices across the world. This paper illustrates a recent attempt to determine whether the Trieste model could be translated to the city of San Francisco, California. This process revealed a number of obstacles to such a translation. Our hope is that a review of Basaglia’s ideas, along with a discussion of the obstacles to their implementation, will facilitate efforts to foster the social integration of persons with mental disorders across the world.

Paleopathological analysis of a below-knee amputation was conducted to explore the sociocultural reasons why the amputation took place. Older adolescent male (18–21 years) from the New Englander mass burial at the 18th century Fortress of Louisbourg. Macroscopic assessment and archival data. A surgical amputation of the right tibia and fibula, distal to the knee was identified. The cross-sectional diaphysis of the leg has kerf marks and a splinter (breakaway point) at the posterior-lateral border of the tibia suggesting the leg gave way from its own weight or was manually removed once most of the sawing was complete. Archival records suggest frostbite from prolonged exposure to freezing temperatures and trauma from unsafe working conditions at the Fortress were the main causes that led to amputation. This case study highlights the importance of contextualizing cases of amputation to understand factors leading to the amputation procedure and techniques used in the past, and the social and living conditions of the individual. Observations were restricted to skeletal material as soft tissue decomposed and there was no material evidence suggestive of amputation associated with this individual in their grave. Full trauma assessment of the Fortress of Louisbourg skeletal collection to provide additional insight into injury sustained at Louisbourg and 18th century surgical practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To demonstrate the blockage of uterine arteries on uterus for laparoscopic myomectomy. Video presentation. Patient consent was obtained. A tertiary referral center and teaching hospital. A 31 years old female, G 0 P 0 , with complaining of AUB-L. She has PSH of umbilical hernia repair. Thorough preoperative counselling was conducted and the patient desired minimally invasive surgical intervention. The patient understood that power morcellation is not allowed in our practice. Laparoscopic myomectomy was performed. The total operative time was about 200 min. The EBL was 100 cc and the specimen weighted 830 grams. The patient was discharged at POD#1. Blockage of uterine arteries from anterior cul-de-sac is accessible and effective to minimize bleeding during myomectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To demonstrate the results and surgical techniques of laparoscopic hysterectomy for extreme large uterus. Video presentation. Patient consent was obtained. A tertiary referral center and teaching hospital. A 46 years old female with complaining of AUB-L and bulk symptoms. She has no PMH or PSH. BMI was 45 and uterus was about 35 weeks size on examination. Thorough preoperative counseling was conducted and the patient desired minimally invasive surgical intervention. The patient understood the minimal possibility of occult uterine sarcoma and agreed to specimen extraction without containment. The patient understood that power morcellation is not allowed in our practice. Laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed. The total operative time was about 5 hours. The EBL was 50 cc and the specimen weighted 3064 grams. The patient was discharged at POD#1. Laparoscopic hysterectomy on extreme large uterus is feasible, safe and beneficial to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three behaviour types – suicide, trespass and risky behaviours, which can result in entry to railway tracks – present an ongoing challenge to the rail industry for fatality prevention. Many preventative interventions exist, operating at different stages in the timeline of a person's decision to access the tracks to the point that they have entered and remain in the track area. However, there is little understanding of the impacts of interventions on the behaviours in question. This paper outlines the generation of the functional requirements for the use of lighting as safety interventions, which can contribute towards the development and evaluation of such interventions. The study includes the analysis of literature on how lighting has been used to date in the prevention of suicide, trespass and other risky behaviour on railway property. Interviews were carried out with 13 key stakeholders who have expertise in the behaviours in question and awareness of the range of safety interventions used in practice in railway settings. The analysis explores how lighting can be used to influence these different behaviour types. Functionalities that are both theoretically and empirically promising are identified. These functionalities include the need for reactive environmental changes, novelty, ability to influence decision-making and ability to support a human response, for example, through highlighting to staff when someone has entered the tracks. These functionalities offer developers a framework for developing (and subsequently evaluating) a range of novel intervention technologies, which could highlight specific lighting properties that could influence behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Features of lighting that can influence people's behaviours have been identified in an earlier study, along with six scenarios where these could be applied to solve problems with movements through railway stations. The current paper describes the development and testing of novel lighting interventions for three of these scenarios, with two new products controlled by the Internet of Things technology integrated with operational railway systems. The first uses projected light to indicate preferred platform waiting locations. The second uses chasing light-emitting diode lighting along a staircase to encourage bi-directional movements. The field study has been carried out in real-world operational railway settings. An evaluation has been based on a theory-based approach to consider whether the lighting functions as intended and whether people react in anticipated ways. The study found that the lighting interventions have been successfully implemented, and there are indications of favourable responses from passengers, though these have been small effects. The approach to evaluation also assists with diagnosis of weaknesses in the initial concepts and determination of the situational factors that can compete with the behaviour influencing effect of the lighting. This enables refinement and further product development. Practical challenges in implementing trials in this type of operational setting have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the air dense medium fluidized bed (ADMFB) as a suitable dry beneficiation technique to upgrade +5.6 mm-13.2 mm South African coal. The separation efficiency of the ADMFB was assessed by determining the effect, if any, of particle size range, medium to coal feed ratios, and the addition of vibration on the separation ability of the bed. The coal was upgraded to varying degrees, depending on the parameters of the applied methods. For example, when considering the bottom bed layer (one quarter of the total bed height) as discard, the cumulative ash yield of the clean coal fraction ranged between 13.0% and 17.6% with a corresponding yield of 82.21%–83.93%, respectively. A variation in feed coal PSD did not significantly influence the response of the bed pertaining to its ability to beneficiate the coal. This was quantified by the similarity in percentage ash yield for the feed, top and bottom layers. In addition, it was established that by feeding a coal and magnetite (+300 µm) mixture, in various mass ratios, did not significantly influence the separation efficiency of the bed, nor did the application of external vibration to the bed aid in the beneficiation of the coal. Although these factors did not influence the performance of the ADMFB, it was found that the minimum fluidization velocity and bed stability were largely improved by the introduction of these variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]