In order to explore the impact of economic forest development on soil and provide scientific basis for sustainable development of regional economic forest and prevention of soil degradation, three representative economic forests, navel orange forest, tea forest and bamboo forest, were selected in the hilly area of South Jiangxi Province. The changes of soil aggregates and organic carbon under different plant planting conditions were studied by comparing the conifer-broadleaf forest with no disturbance. The results indicated that the soil aggregates of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and tea forest are mainly large aggregates and intermediate aggregates, while those of navel orange forest and bamboo forest are mainly intermediate aggregates and micro aggregates. The MWD and GMD of soil aggregates in conifer-broadleaf forest and tea forest were significantly higher than those of navel orange forest and bamboo forest, the WSA0.25 of conifer-broadleaf forest was significantly higher than that of navel orange forest (86.17%), bamboo forest (84.01%) and tea forest (81.86%), the PAD of conifer-broadleaf forest was significantly lower than that of navel orange forest (4.58%), bamboo forest (12.44%) and tea forest (12.70%). The organic carbon content of soil aggregates in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and tea forest was significantly higher than that in navel orange forest and bamboo forest. When conifer-broadleaf forest is developed into economic forest, it will lead to fragmentation of large aggregates, hinder the accumulation of soil organic carbon, and increase the risk of soil erosion. Although the organic carbon content, MWD and GMD of tea forest under artificial management are similar to those of conifer-broadleaf forest, but WSA0.25 and PAD are poor, indicating that the soil and water loss risk of tea forest is still high, so in the evaluation of soil and water loss risk of economic forest, only one soil aggregate stability index can not be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]