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High-quality three-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) heterostructures were fabricated using the modified self-assembly method, and their structural and optical properties were analyzed. Results suggest that the optical quality of heterostructures formed by depositing bigger particles on small ones is superior to that of heterostructures formed by stacking smaller particles on big ones, due to the rough interface effects in the latter structure. The roughness of the interface in the latter structure can be largely improved by introducing a thin two-dimensional planar defect layer into the PCs, and significant progress in the quality of the heterostructures is achieved. The important role of the thin planar defect layer in the quality of the heterostructures was also verified by numerical simulations. OCIS codes: 220.4000, 160.5293, 230.5298, 250.6715.

Particles sedimenting in a viscoelastic fluid form chains. It has been observed in experiments that, sometimes, the last particle in the chain gets detached. In this paper, we investigate this phenomenon. It is known that a long chain falls faster than a single particle in fluids. This long body effect tends to detach the last particle from the chain. The wake effect and the normal stress effect are the mechanisms that work against the long body effect. The last particle is not detached if the inertial wake effects are strong enough to cause substantial drag reduction on it. The detachment is also restricted by the elastic normal stress of the viscoelastic fluid.

• The study focuses on health and routinely collected traits in Holstein cattle. • The events of health problems and culling were investigated in Holstein cattle. • The heritability and genetic correlation of health traits were estimated. • The approximate genetic correlations were estimated between health and routinely collected traits. • The results are beneficial for disease−resistance breeding in Holstein cattle. Health traits have high economic values in dairy cattle breeding, which can cause considerable financial loss through involuntary culling. In this study, fourteen health traits were analysed, including five composite health traits: reproductive disorders, udder health (UH), digestive disorders, metabolic disorders, locomotory diseases (LD), and nine independent health traits: gestation disorders and peripartum disorders, irregular estrus cycle and sterility, metritis (ME), mastitis (MA), abomasal displacement (AD), enteritis (EN), and ketosis, claw diseases (CD), laminitis complex. This study analysed variance components for health traits through both single and bivariate repeatability animal models. All health traits showed low heritability, ranging from 0.001 to 0.025. Most of the health traits in five categories showed negative genetic correlations, ranging from −0.012 (CD and EN) to −0.634 (ME and EN). Strong positive genetic correlations appeared within the same category, ranging from 0.469 (EN and AD) to 0.994 (UH and MA, LD and CD). Furthermore, approximate genetic correlations were evaluated between health traits and routinely collected traits (longevity, fertility, production, and conformation). In general, the low to moderate approximate genetic correlations were estimated between health traits and routinely collected traits. The estimated correlations between health traits and longevity, fertility, production, and conformation traits could provide an indirect reference for disease−resistance breeding in Holstein cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this note we present a proof showing that the contribution from the extra stress tensor to the normal component of the stress on the surface of a moving rigid body in an incompressible Oldroyd-B fluid is zero. [DOI: 10.1115/1.1436095]

The functional states of CD8+ T cells are associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and might become a potential biomarker indicating the timing of ICI. CD8+ T cells undergoing exhaustion (Tex) exhibit progressive loss of effector functions as well as metabolic insufficiency, such as suppressed glycolysis and restricted glucose uptake. We assumed that metabolic characteristics of Tex might be reflected by PET radiomic features, which could be used to noninvasively visualize the peri-irradiation dynamics of Tex and predict the optimal timing of ICI integration. Here, we aim to investigate the dynamics of Tex after ablative irradiation and develop an 18F-FDG PET/CT radiomic approach to assess tumor infiltrating Tex basing on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenograft experiments. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with 1M Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cells subcutaneously on the right flank. On day 10 post-tumor inoculation, 20Gy was delivered to the tumors in a single fraction. For the control (D0) and those irradiated (D3, D7, D14 and D21 post-irradiation), mice received micro PET-CT scans and were sacrificed immediately after scanning, with tumors and spleens collected. The abundance of tumor-infiltrating immune cell subsets were estimated by deconvoluting the tumor microarray data with CIBERSORTx. ICI-responsive early Tex (CD8+PD-1intTcf-1+) and ICI-nonresponsive terminal Tex (CD8+PD-1hiTIM-3+TOX+) were identified by flow cytometry. Tumors on PET/CT images were manually contoured, and radiomic features were extracted by a compact proton therapy machine. Robust features which passed Test-retest analysis will undergo further selection. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression was used to select radiomic features significantly correlated with the infiltration of early or terminal Tex. After ablative irradiation, the tumor CD8+ T cell infiltration increased from D3 through the peak on D14, and then declined sharply to a below-baseline level on D21. However, dysfunctional terminal Tex significantly predominated CD8+ T cells from D7 to D14 (69.44%∼ 76.35%), indicating a potential window for ICI treatment between D3-D7 post-irradiation. 40 (out of 57) CT and 9 (out of 61) PET radiomic features of good robustness were brought into LASSO regression. Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM)-inverse variance and Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM)-long run emphasis on PET images were found to be inversely correlated with the abundance of terminal Tex, showing more heterogeneous local distribution of FDG uptake correlated with higher T exhaustion. The dynamics of Tex help identify the proper timing to combine ICI with irradiation. Local homogeneity of PET images may provide a noninvasive approach to visualize peri-irradiation T cell exhaustion, and exhibit the potential to estimate ICI timing among more radiation dose-fractionation schedules in future study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The atomic mobilities of the fcc Ni–Nb and Ni–Mo binary system have been assessed on the basis of the available kinetic information and given as functions of temperatures and composition in the CALPHAD format using the DICTRA software package in this work. Good agreement between the calculated and reported experimental diffusion coefficients is obtained. By using optimized mobility parameters, the concentration profiles of the diffusion zone in the binary Ni–Nb and Ni–Mo diffusion couples can be predicted. The assessed atomic mobility parameters are an important part of the construction of mobility database in Ni based alloys, and are also useful in designing high-temperature Ni-based alloy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]