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Background: Several studies to date have reported on the development of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT)-based models intended to effectively distinguish between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules (PNs). This meta-analysis was designed with the goal of clarifying the utility of these PET/CT-based conventional parameter models as diagnostic tools in the context of the differential diagnosis of PNs. Methods: Relevant studies published through September 2023 were identified by searching the Web of Science, PubMed, and Wanfang databases, after which Stata v 12.0 was used to conduct pooled analyses of the resultant data. Results: This meta-analysis included a total of 13 retrospective studies that analyzed 1,731 and 693 malignant and benign PNs, respectively. The respective pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, and NLR values for the PET/CT-based studies developed in these models were 88% (95%CI: 0.86–0.91), 78% (95%CI: 0.71–0.85), 4.10 (95%CI: 2.98–5.64), and 0.15 (95%CI: 0.12–0.19). Of these endpoints, the pooled analyses of model sensitivity (I2 = 69.25%), specificity (I2 = 78.44%), PLR (I2 = 71.42%), and NLR (I2 = 67.18%) were all subject to significant heterogeneity. The overall area under the curve value (AUC) value for these models was 0.91 (95%CI: 0.88–0.93). When differential diagnosis was instead performed based on PET results only, the corresponding pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, and NLR values were 92% (95%CI: 0.85–0.96), 51% (95%CI: 0.37–0.66), 1.89 (95%CI: 1.36–2.62), and 0.16 (95%CI: 0.07–0.35), with all four being subject to significant heterogeneity (I2 = 88.08%, 82.63%, 80.19%, and 86.38%). The AUC for these pooled analyses was 0.82 (95%CI: 0.79–0.85). Conclusions: These results suggest that PET/CT-based models may offer diagnostic performance superior to that of PET results alone when distinguishing between benign and malignant PNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, an ultra-thin cobalt film is used as a passivation layer to achieve a Cu–Cu quasi-direct bonding process, and successful bonding was achieved at the bonding temperature of 230 °C with the bonding pressure of 0.5 MPa in non-vacuum conditions. A tensile bonding strength of over 12.8 MPa can be achieved. With the cobalt layer, the total film roughness is greatly reduced to around 1 nm, and the cross-sectional transmission electron microscope images reveal the presence of a void-free bonding interface. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry depth analysis is carried out using a PVD deposited multilayer sample, which simulates the bonding process without pressure. It is found that a Cu–Co intermixing layer formed between the Cu and Co interfaces during annealing, and Cu has diffused into the Co layer. Due to the nanocrystalline structure of the Co film and the low roughness of the system, a low bonding temperature can be achieved. These results demonstrate that Co, which can be selectively grown on the Cu surface, can be used as a passivation layer to achieve low-cost and high-quality interconnect for the three-dimensional integrated circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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High temperature flexural strength of ZrB2-20 vol% SiC ceramics ( ZS) up to 1600°C in high purity argon atmosphere was significantly improved by adding 5 vol% WC, but degraded when 5 vol% ZrC was added. ZrB2-20 SiC-5 WC ceramic ( ZSW) has a very high strength (mean ± SD) of 675 ± 33 MPa at 1600°C, and also an elastic and transgranular fracture mode was observed. According to the analysis of the fracture modes and crack origins in ZSW ceramics, the improvement in strength above 1000°C was attributed to the removal of the oxide impurities from grain boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Dense ZrB2–20vol% SiC ceramics (ZS) were fabricated by hot pressing using self-synthesized high purity ZrB2 and commercial SiC powders as raw materials. The high temperature flexural strength of ZS and its degradation mechanisms up to 1600°C in high purity argon were investigated. According to the fracture mode, crack origin and internal friction curve of ZS ceramics, its strength degradation above 1000°C is considered to result from a combination of phenomena such as grain boundary softening, grain sliding and the formation of cavitations and cracks around the SiC grains on the tensile side of the specimens. The ZS material at 1600°C remains 84% of its strength at room temperature, which is obviously higher than the values reported in literature. The benefit is mainly derived from the high purity of the ZrB2 powders. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]