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Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease. Neoadjuvant therapy (NA) with chemotherapy (NAC) and radiotherapy (RT) prior to surgery provides promise. In the absence of prospective data, well annotated clinical data from high-volume units may provide pilot data for randomised trials. Methods Medical records from a tertiary hospital in Sydney, Australia, were analysed to identify all patients with resectable or borderline resectable PDAC. Data regarding treatment, toxicity and survival were collected. Results Between January 1 2010 and April 1 2016, 220 sequential patients were treated: 87 with NA and 133 with upfront operation (UO). Forty-three NA patients (52%) and 5 UO patients (4%) were borderline resectable at diagnosis. Twenty-four borderline patients received NA RT, 22 sequential to NAC. The median overall survival (OS) in the NA group was 25.9 months (mo); 95% CI (21.1–43.0 mo) compared to 26.9 mo (19.7, 32.7) in the UO; HR 0.89; log-ranked p-value = 0.58. Sixty-nine NA patients (79%) were resected, mOS was 29.2 mo (22.27, not reached (NR)). Twenty-two NA (31%) versus 22 UO (17%) were node negative at operation (N0). In those managed with NAC/RT the mOS was 29.0 mo (17.3, NR). There were no post-operative deaths with NA within 90-days and three in the UO arm. Discussion This is a hypothesis generating retrospective review of a selected real-world population in a high-throughput unit. Treatment with NA was well tolerated. The long observed survival in this group may be explained by lymph node sterilisation by NA, and the achievement of R0 resection in a greater proportion of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Merkel cell carcinoma is an aggressive, radiosensitive cutaneous neuroendocrine tumour. In this review, the roles of radiation therapy and chemoradiation in the management of Merkel cell carcinoma are described and discussed, and guidelines for patient management are presented. Radiation treatment may be indicated for definitive (> 55 Gy) or adjuvant (> 50 Gy) treatment of the primary tumour site and for prophylactic (> 50 Gy), adjuvant (> 50 Gy) or definitive (> 55 Gy) treatment of the regional lymph node field. If a patient presents with positive margins after initial biopsy or resection, definitive radiation therapy or chemoradiation may be an alternative to further surgery and, importantly, results in less delay than re-resection followed by adjuvant radiation treatment. Given the rarity of this tumour, patients should be enrolled on prospective databases and clinical trials, and managed in a multidisciplinary clinical setting wherever possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We audited the analgesic, anti-emetic and anti-spasmodic drug usage of patients undergoing high-dose-rate brachytherapy for prostate cancer at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. With institutional ethics committee approval, we retrospectively reviewed the records of the first 45 patients undergoing high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy from January 2003 to July 2005. We collected data regarding the dose of intra- and postoperative analgesics and the anti-emetic and anti-spasmodic drugs administered for the duration of the patients' hospital stay. We converted oral oxycodone doses to parenteral morphine equivalents for the purposes of this study, dividing the oxycodone dose by three. The median age of the patients was 69 (range 55 to 80) years. All had general anaesthesia for the catheter insertion procedure. Twenty-five patients (56%) received intraoperative morphine from 5 to 12 mg (mean 9 mg). Forty-three patients (96%) received regular postoperative paracetamol (1 g qid). Thirty-six patients (80%) required additional postoperative opioid administration with an overall mean (all 45 patients included) of 14.5 mg of parenteral morphine equivalents over the entire postoperative course. Thirty-nine patients received intraoperative hyoscine butylbromide to reduce bladder spasm. Fourteen patients were administered antiemetics. These findings indicate that analgesic requirements during the period in which the prostate brachytherapy catheters remained in place were minimal in most cases. Simple analgesic regimens (regular oral paracetamol, antispasmodics as required for bladder spasm and oral/subcutaneous opioids as required) appear to have been adequate for our patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Locally advanced inoperable pancreatic cancer (LAPC) has a poor prognosis. By increasing intensity of systemic therapy combined with an established safe chemoradiation technique, our intention was to enhance the outcomes of LAPC. In preparation for phase III evaluation, the feasibility and efficacy of our candidate regimen gemcitabine-oxaliplatin chemotherapy with sandwich 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) needs to be established.Methods:A total of 48 patients with inoperable LAPC without metastases were given gemcitabine (1000 mg m−2 d1 + d15 q28) and oxaliplatin (100 mg m−2 d2 + d16 q28) in induction (one cycle) and consolidation (three cycles), and 5FU 200 mg m−2 per day over 6 weeks during 3DCRT 54 Gy.Results:Median duration of sustained local control (LC) was 15.8 months, progression-free survival (PFS) was 11.0 months, and overall survival was 15.7 months. Survival rates for 1, 2, and 3 years were 70.2%, 21.3%, and 12.8%, respectively. Global quality of life did not significantly decline from baseline during treatment, which was associated with modest treatment-related toxicity.Conclusion:Fixed-dose gemcitabine and oxaliplatin, combined with an effective and safe regimen of 5FU and 3DCRT radiotherapy, was feasible and reasonably tolerated. The observed improved duration of LC and PFS with more intensive therapy over previous trials may be due to patient selection, but suggest that further evaluation in phase III trials is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY A case of retroperitoneal paraganglioma metastasizing to bone is presented. This is followed by a literature review of treatment options, including external beam radiotherapy, chemotherapy and 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY The present study investigated outcomes for 78 women with epithelial ovarian carcinoma treated by whole abdominal radiotherapy (WART) after cyto-reductive surgery at Westmead Hospital between 1980 and 1993. These patients had 5-year relapse-free and overall survival rates of 52 and 55%, respectively. The median follow-up was 7.5 years. Fifty-eight of the 78 women fulfilled the criteria as defined by the Princess Margaret Hospital's 'intermediate risk' category. These patients had both a relapse-free and overall survival rate of 62% at 5 years ( P= 0.001 as compared with the remaining 20 women). Mild gastrointestinal upset was common during radiotherapy. Five women did not complete treatment. Late toxicity (grade 3 or more, using the Radiotherapy Oncology Group (RTOG) system) occurred in eight women, and five women required surgery for intestinal complications (6.4%). There were no deaths due to late side effects. In conclusion the results are consistent with those of other series in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer by adjuvant WART. When compared to a similar-stage disease treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy, there is no evidence to support the exclusive use of chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]