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The article presents the distinguish difference between urbanization and the ethos of the city in the 20th century. It argues that city has a varied history and on the other hand urbanization is a new development. Recognizing the problems that the city face, the history and conceptualization of the city is seen as the positive elements in human development. The worldwide development of urbanization will occur without civilization that is the building of progressive urban culture and the problem is represented by meaningful citizenship and city-building. The key features of the city is link betwen diversity expressed in wide ranging economic activities, cultures, lifestyles and faiths and common identity.

The article examines the changing character of the master plan in Great Britain. The author argues that the process of master planning has deeply embedded in the traditions and practice of town planning in the country for almost half a century. It has been said that the attitudes, approaches and relative influence of the professionals like planners and architects involved may have changed as well as the nature of the private-public sector relationship.

It is widely acknowledged that the poorest sections of society bear a disproportionate burden of poor environmental quality, including toxicity and pollution. The struggles to address environmental injustice instigated at grassroots level also place the burden of righting the injustice on those who often have the least resources in terms of time, money and access to decision makers. The unfolding story of BAN Waste's sophisticated challenge to the proposed building of a replacement incinerator in a working-class area of Newcastle demonstrates many of the issues and stages common to struggles for environmental justice. The struggle became proactive and built wider alliances and a broad coalition across the city for change. The eventual success in preventing the incinerator being built and in producing a superior waste strategy counters the popular belief that environmental concerns are predominantly those of the middle class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development, although a widely used phrase and idea, has many different meanings and therefore provokes many different responses. In broad terms, the concept of sustainable development is an attempt to combine growing concerns about a range of environmental issues with socio-economic issues. To aid understanding of these different policies this paper presents a classification and mapping of different trends of thought on sustainable development, their political and policy frameworks and their attitudes towards change and means of change. Sustainable development has the potential to address fundamental challenges for humanity, now and into the future. However, to do this, it needs more clarity of meaning, concentrating on sustainable livelihoods and well-being rather than well-having, and long term environmental sustainability, which requires a strong basis in principles that link the social and environmental to human equity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses theories of sustainable development. Theories that are shaped by people's and organizations' different worldviews, which in turn influence how issues are formulated and actions proposed; Argument that theories are fractured and multi-layered and can be considered at different spatial levels; Interconnection between the economy, society and the environment while human existence and society are dependent on, and within the environment.