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Electrochemical reduction of CO2 presents a persistent challenge in achieving high selectivity and stability, particularly in acidic electrolytes. Here, we successfully engineer an efficient armor-like catalyst, comprising Fe nanoparticles within nitrogen-doped carbon (Fe@NC) based on a solvent-free mechanochemistry method followed by pyrolysis. Porous nitrogen-doped carbon shells served as an effective protective layer for the Fe nanoparticles, facilitating the conversion of CO2 to CO with an impressive FECO of 99.0% in acidic electrolytes. As a result, the armored Fe@NC sustained its catalytic activity throughout 14 hours electrolysis period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background Promoting scale management has become an inevitable way to solve the problem of forestland fragmentation, which is of great significance to realize the modernization of forestry. However, due to the increase of labor cost and forestry production risk and the high transaction cost, the implementation effect of both land scale management and service scale management is not satisfactory. Nowadays, most scholars have paid attention to the coexistence of land scale management and service scale management, and carried out relevant studies with traditional small-scale farmers as an example, but few studies have discussed the implementation effect of "dual-scale" management mode with the new-type forestry management entities as an example. (2)Methods The research data came from the research group' s survey and interview of the new-type forestry management entities in 20 key forestry counties (cities and districts) in Fujian Province in August 2021 and July 2023, and a total of 299 valid questionnaires were obtained. This paper selected the family income of the new-type forestry management entities as the explained variable, the dual-scale management mode as the core explanatory variable, and the characteristics of the persons in charge of the management entities, the management entities and the external environment as the control variables. The coupling coordination model and propensity score matching method were used to empirically analyze the impacts of dual-scale management on the total family income and the heterogeneity of income structure of the management entities. (3) Results First, in the OLS model, the coefficient of the total family income of the management entities is 2.299, and p<0.01. The dual-scale management has a significant promotion effect on the total family income of the management entities, and the higher the coupling coordination degree of the dual-scale management, the stronger the effect of income increase. Second, the dual-scale management has a significant promotion effect on the forestry management income of the management entities, but at the same time it will significantly reduce their wage income. Third, the regression results of dividing the new-type forestry management entities into family forest farms and forestry cooperatives show that the promotion effect of dual-scale management on the income of the forestry cooperatives is much greater than that of family forest farms. Fourth, the regression results on the degree of employment diversification of the new-type forestry management entities show that dual-scale management has a significant promotion effect on the total family income of pure farmers or low-diversified employment households, but has no significant effect on the total family income of highly-diversified employment households. (4) Conclusions and Discussions Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, encourage the development of various forms of scale management and support the promotion and development of dual-scale management models. Second, strengthen the guidance and service of forestry technology, and enhance the level of specialized management of the forest farmers. Third, implement different measures to promote the development of various new-types of forestry management entities, and then give full play to the potential and role of different types of management entities in promoting the development of forestry economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the fast generation of electronic waste (e-waste) and the increasing depletion of metal resources, "urban mining" that can selectively recover gold from secondary resources has attracted great interest. Construction of materials with high extraction capacity and satisfying selectivity in complex aqueous-based matrices still remains challenging. Here, a novel metal-organic framework/polymer composite (Fe-BTC/poly(thioctic acid), denoted as Fe-BTC/pTA) has been newly synthesized and applied for selective gold recovery in different matrices (river water, seawater, and leaching solution of e-waste). Benefiting from the high specific surface area and suitable pore sizes as well as the rational design of active sites, the composite exhibits high adsorption capacity (920 mg/g), high removal efficiency (> 99%), fast kinetics (below 0.1 ppb within 10 min), and good applicability in complex matrices, which are better than those of most reported sulfur-containing adsorbents. Solid-state metallic gold with high purity can be effectively enriched due to the high recyclability and long-term stability of the composite. The material after adsorption can be further applied as a heterogeneous catalyst for water remediation due to the in situ generated gold nanoparticles by the redox reaction between Au(III) ions and the S-containing groups in the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--Fujian and Taiwan are the main areas of wood forest products trade, and they also have a sequential difference in the development of wood forest products industry, with similar trade structure and facing similar international trade situation. The domestic scholars' researches on the international competitiveness of China's wood forest products industry mainly focus on the comparative study of the international competitive-ness of China's wood forest products and the world's main wood forest products exporting countries, and the comparative study on the international competitiveness of wood forest products industry in Fujian and Taiwan is relatively few. At present, the export market of wood forest products in Fujian and Taiwan has a high coincidence degree, and there is a certain trade competition. Based on the generalized double diamond model, the relevant factors affecting the international competitiveness of wood forest products industry in Fujian and Taiwan are dis-cussed, and the decision reference is provided for Fujian's wood forest products industry to improve its international competitiveness. (2) Methods--Firstly, the characteristics of wood forest products trade between Fujian and Taiwan were compared from the aspects of export trade scale, import and export trade structure and main trade markets. Secondly, international market share, trade competitiveness index and relative trade advantage index were selected to measure the international competitiveness of wood forest products industry in Fujian and Taiwan. Finally, the paper analyzed the factors affecting the international competitiveness of the wood forest products industry in Fujian and Taiwan by using the generalized double diamond model, and put forward some policy suggestions to improve the international competitiveness of the wood forest products industry in Fujian. (3) Results--From 2002 to 2008, the gap of international competitiveness of wood forest products between Fujian and Taiwan was small. From 2008 to 2009, both Fujian and Taiwan were affected by the global financial crisis to varying degrees. With the help of its own economic strength and forestry policy reform, the international competitiveness of wood forest products in Fujian surpassed that of Taiwan after 2009, and steadily improved. Compared with the wood forest products industry in Taiwan, the development of wood forest products industry in Fujian had the following four influencing factors; First, the input structure of primary production factors was reasonable, but the input structure of advanced factors such as capital and talents needed to be optimized. Second, there was a vast space for local demand, but the structure of the international demand market needed to be adjusted. Third, the related industries developed rapidly, but the basic supporting industries needed to be upgraded. Fourth, the strategy, structure and competitive environment of domestic and foreign entities needed to be improved. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--Based on the above research conclusions, the following policy recommendations are put forward: First, optimize the input structure of production factors to improve the efficiency of wood forest products industry. Second, adjust the export trade structure to stabilize the wood forest products market. Third, develop relevant and supporting industries to enable the wood forest products industry Chain. Fourth, create a favorable competitive environment to promote the development of wood forest products industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical conversion of CO2 into liquid fuels such as ethanol, powered by renewable electricity, is an efficient strategy for CO2 utilization to produce high value-added products. In this work, we discovered that the primary C2+ product could be switched from gaseous ethylene to liquid ethanol by directly increasing the CO2 pressure when Cu2O@Cu with a hollow sphere morphology was adopted as the catalyst. The faradaic efficiency (FE) of ethanol reached as high as 36.6% at a low overpotential of −1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl (−0.48 V vs. RHE) at 100 bar, which was 4.6 times higher than that of 1 bar. Moreover, faster kinetics and lower overpotential for ethanol formation were obtained at high CO2 pressures. In situ Raman spectroscopy studies at different pressures in combination with density functional theory calculations demonstrated that the *CO surface coverage was increased significantly at increased CO2 pressure, which is responsible for facilitating ethanol formation during the electrochemical CO2RR. This study provides a novel and promising strategy for the selective production of ethanol on Cu-based catalysts by facilely adjusting the CO2 pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and long evaluation time of performance evaluation of rural forestry economic cooperation organizations, a performance evaluation method of rural forestry economic cooperation organizations based on intelligent fuzzy algorithm is proposed. Under the principles of scientificity, feasibility, comprehensiveness, and importance, build the performance evaluation system of rural forestry economic cooperation organization, and obtain 17 evaluation indexes, such as the supply of means of production, the internal management of the cooperation organization, and the unified product brand. Deal with the missing data and standardize the index data, construct the evaluation index judgment matrix according to the judgment matrix scale, and test the consistency of the judgment matrix through CI. The square root method is used to calculate the performance evaluation index weight of rural forestry economic cooperation organization. Intelligent fuzzy algorithm is used to evaluate the performance of rural forestry economic cooperation organization. Simulation results show that this method has high accuracy and short evaluation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, ibuprofen, a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with low water-solubility was used as a model drug for its nanosizing via a PGSS™ (particles from gas-saturated solutions)-based method. A modified PGSS™ process was employed to prepare PEG6000-ibuprofen composite particles after investigating the solid–liquid–gas phase equilibrium behavior of the PEG6000–ibuprofen–CO2 system. The composite powder was then dispersed into water to remove PEG6000 and obtain ibuprofen nanoparticles. The effects of pressure, temperature, and mass fraction of ibuprofen in the composite on the ibuprofen particle size and particle morphology were investigated. Results showed that spherical ibuprofen nanoparticles with diameter of 20–500nm were prepared at different conditions. Additionally, the dissolution rates of different ibuprofen particles were studied, indicating much faster dissolution of the obtained ibuprofen nanoparticles compared with the raw material and those from the direct physical mixing approach in the phosphate buffer solution (pH=7.2±0.02). This can be attributed to the reduced size and the reduced crystallinity of the ibuprofen particles from the modified PGSS™-based process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Graphical abstract Highlights • CO 2 -expanded gelation approach was proposed for preparing bimodal porous materials. • CO 2 -expansion induced much short time for gelation. • CTAB template contributed to the surface area and CO 2 -expansion to the pore volume. • Bimodal silica-PW showed good selectivity and short time for 1,8-cineole from α-terpineol. • Bimodal Ni/SiO 2 exhibited excellent performance for phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanol. Abstract In this work, a facile route was designed to fabricate bimodal porous silica with high surface area and pore volume via a CO 2 -expanded gelation with assistance of CTAB. Parameters such as the amount of CTAB, pressure of CO 2 and agitation time were investigated and optimized. Results showed bimodal silica contained small pore size (around 2 nm) from CTAB templating and large pore size (> 4 nm) from CO 2 -expanded gelation could be easily adjusted by the synthesis conditions. A typical sample with surface area of 1133 m2/g and pore volume of 1.24 mL/g was applied as a catalyst support for phosphotungstic acid, revealing much faster catalysis rate and relatively high selectivity for 1, 8-cineole from α-terpineol than the commercial MCM-41. The approach was also successfully extended to the preparation of bimodal NiO/silica composite, and the reduced Ni/silica showed higher catalysis performance than the unimodal sample for phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solute-saturated supercritical fluid loading (SSFL) process was proposed to load 2-phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) in silica and activated carbon (AC). The adsorption and loading amounts of PEA in carries were investigated at different temperatures (50.0–60.0 °C) and pressures (8.0–14.0 MPa) by a column sampling method. By using a high-pressure quartz spring method, the adsorption amounts of the binary PEA and CO 2 in silica were determined. The retention of PEA in the SSFL powder flavors was evaluated by a nitrogen-purging method. Results revealed that, compared with AC, silica had high loading of PEA (maximum 0.484 g/g) and showed better results in PEA preservation from loss at room temperature and control release at higher temperature; PEA suppressed the adsorption of CO 2 at relatively high pressure. Discussion indicated that precipitation and adsorption contributed to the high loading of PEA in silica, while adsorption mainly contributed to that in AC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] A high-pressure PLM approach was proposed and established. [•] Melt crystallization behaviors of two solutes in CO2 were studied. [•] High pressure CO2 accelerated the crystallization rates of the two solutes. [•] CO2 did not evidently affect the nucleation or growth patterns of the two solutes. [•] The crystallization behaviors of the two solutes were different from those of polymers in CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Adsorption of 2-phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) from supercritical CO2 onto silica aerogel was investigated. A monolayer to multilayer adsorption isotherm was observed, measured at 15.0MPa and 323.2K, from the PEA-unsaturated to PEA-saturated supercritical CO2, indicating the potential utility of the solute-saturated supercritical adsorption (SSA). The amount of PEA adsorbed on the silica aerogel with SSA at different temperatures and pressures was measured, and the release of PEA from the aerogel at 303.2K was also evaluated. A theoretical model for the SSA equilibrium was developed with the assistance of the adsorption isotherms of pure CO2 onto the silica and considering a three-phase binary system, where the two-dimensional van der Waals equation of state and the three-dimensional Stryjek–Vera modification of the Peng–Robinson equation of state were used respectively to describe the adsorbed phase and the bulk phases (vapor phase and liquid phase). Results showed that the model was capable of describing the adsorption behavior of the system with an average absolute relative deviation of 3.3%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A supercritical fluid-based method is proposed to produce coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) nanoparticles. First, CoQ10/polyethylene glycol 6000 composite particles are prepared by a modified PGSS (particles from gas-saturated solutions) process with controlling the flow rate of the gas-saturated solution. Then, CoQ10 nanoparticles are obtained by dissolving the composite particles into water. The effect of experimental variables of the modified PGSS process, including pressure, temperature, flow rate of the gas-saturated solution, and mass fraction of CoQ10, on the CoQ10 particle size and particle size distribution was investigated. Results show that CoQ10 slurry product with a median diameter of 190nm and yield of 89.8% can be prepared at an optimum condition (operating pressure of 25MPa, operating temperature of 80°C, gas-saturated solution flow rate of 1.02mL/min, CoQ10 mass fraction of 40% and nozzle diameter of 100μm) via the supercritical fluid-based method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The first and last melting points (FLMP) method was employed to measure the melting temperature–composition () data at solid–liquid–gas (SLG) equilibrium for the naphthalene–biphenyl–CO2 system. Results show that the system''s phase diagram is simple eutectic under all investigated pressures (0.1, 3.0, 6.0 and 8.0MPa), and the system''s eutectic composition is almost constant. The () data measured with a high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry are in good agreement with these from FLMP. The semi-predictive model using solubility data (SMS) and the calculation model combining with GE models (CMG) for binary systems were extended to this ternary system. For the SMS model, the Peng–Robinson equation of state (PR-EoS) with the van der Waals one-fluid mixing rule was used to correlate the solubility data of the two solutes in CO2 to obtain the two interaction parameters k 12 and k 13 and calculate the fugacity coefficients of the solutes in the liquid and vapor phases; the UNIFAC method was also applied to the activity coefficient of the solutes in the liquid phase. For the CMG model, the PR-EoS combining respectively the MHV1, LCVM, and modified LCVM (mLCVM) mixing rules was applied to the fugacity coefficients of the solutes. Results show that the CMG model with MHV1 gives the best prediction of the system''s SLG equilibrium, while the SMS model and the CMG model with mLCVM provide comparable and acceptable results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The mesoporous poly(N , N ′-methylene-bis(1-(3-vinylimidazolium)) chloride), labeled as PDVIm-Cl, with double anions (Cl−) and low monomer molecular weight was synthesized and applied in the adsorption of anionic dyes (acid orange 7 (AO7), sunset yellow (SY), reactive blue 19 (RB19), congo red (CR)). Due to the mesoporous structure, abundant Cl− and positively charged imidazole rings, the poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) exhibited superior adsorption ability towards anionic dyes. What is more, the RB19 adsorption by PDVIm-Cl could achieve the highest capacity (2605 ± 254 mg g−1) which was nearly twice higher than the maximum adsorption capacity of the previously reported materials. All the adsorption kinetic data and isotherms fitted well with the pseudo second-order model and Langmuir-Freundlich model. To better explore the practical potential of the PIL for dye adsorption, the adsorption under different pH values and column adsorption performances were also evaluated. Results showed that PDVIm-Cl exhibited high removal efficiencies for anionic dyes over a wide pH range (2−10). Also, the great reusability could be well demonstrated by the achievable continuous column adsorption-desorption process. It is worth mentioning that the regeneration could be realized with very little desorbent which was far less than the adsorption volume flowing through the column and the desorption efficiency was well maintained after three consecutive cycles. At last, the adsorption mechanism was explored by experiments combined with quantum chemical calculations and showed anionic dyes adsorption by PDVIm-Cl was a joint process dominated by the ion exchange, electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond and π-π stacking. • PDVIm-Cl is capable to adsorb various anionic dyes with high capacities. • PDVIm-Cl shows unprecedented adsorption capacity of 2605 ± 254 mg g−1 for RB19 dye. • PDVIm-Cl could be used to adsorb different anionic dyes in a wide range of pH. • PDVIm-Cl can easily realize continuous column adsorption-desorption process. • The adsorption mechanism is studied by experimental and theoretical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) are widely used in various fields including ion-selective separation processes and fuel cells. However, synthetic IEMs with a high ion conductivity usually suffer a high swelling ratio in working surroundings. Herein we demonstrate a versatile strategy to develop novel microporous copolymers for the high-performance IEMs via combining merits of polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) and common functional polymers. As a sample, a series of PIM-1/PES copolymers are synthesized accordingly. These copolymers, other than many PIMs, exhibit a good solubility in common organic solvents including N -methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and are successfully applied to prepare the high-performance IEMs by chloromethylation and multi-cation crosslinking. The introduction of PIM-1 segments exhibits distinct advantages in the effective water management, swelling control and construction of well-developed ion channels. The resulting PIM-1/PES 0.50 anion exchange membrane (AEM), with an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 1.075 mmol g−1, has a low swelling ratio of 11.0% and a high hydroxide conductivity of 87.6 mS cm−1 at 80 °C. The developed strategy has wide applications in the development of new IEMs materials. Image 1 • A strategy is developed to prepare microporous copolymers for high-performance IEMs. • The copolymers exhibit good solubility in common organic solvents including NMP. • The copolymers are easily grafted with functional groups for high-performance IEMs. • The PIM-1 segment favors to construct well-developed ion channels in the AEMs. • The prepared AEMs show the high ion conductivity and low swelling at low IEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anion exchange membrane (AEMs) as a kind of important functional material are widely used in many fields including fuel cell, electrodialysis and water treatment. However, synthetic AEMs generally suffer a pernicious trade-off: high ion-conductive AEMs lack dimensional stability and vice versa. Herein we demonstrate a versatile strategy to prepare the AEMs with both high ion conductivity and excellent dimensional stability (i.e. , low swelling ratio) via hydrophobic crosslinking and introducing hydrophobic chains. The hydrophobic length of crosslinkers has great influence on construction of highly efficient ion channels in the AEMs. Amazingly, the hydrophilic poly (phenylene oxide) (PPO) AEM crosslinked by 1,8-diaminooctane has the highest hydroxide conductivity that is further improved to 157.2 mS cm−1 (10% increases) with a low swelling ratio of 12.9% at 80 °C by introducing hydrophobic PPO backbone. This AEM not only overcomes the trade-off between the ion conductivity and the dimensional stability of crosslinked AEMs, but also breaks the upper bound between the ion conductivity and the water uptake. The newly developed strategy of hydrophobic dual-modifications promises to be an effective approach to develop the high-performance AEMs. Image 1 • A novel strategy was developed by combining both hydrophobic crosslinker and chain. • The hydrophobic length of crosslinkers has great influence on ion channels of AEMs. • The hydrophobic chains increase ion conductivity and decrease the swelling ratio. • The formed AEM has the OH− conductivity of 157 mS cm−1 with a SR of 12.9% at 80 °C. • This work breaks the trade-off between ion conductivity and dimensional stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymeric films with nanoscale networks were prepared by selectively swelling an amphiphilic diblock copolymer, polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP), with the CO(2)-expanded liquid (CXL), CO(2)-methanol. The phase behavior of the CO(2)-methanol system was investigated by both theoretical calculation and experiments, revealing that methanol can be expanded by CO(2), forming homogeneous CXL under the experimental conditions. When treated with the CO(2)-methanol system, the spin cast compact PS-b-P4VP film was transformed into a network with interconnected pores, in a pressure range of 12-20 MPa and a temperature range of 45-60 °C. The formation mechanism of the network, involving plasticization of PS and selective swelling of P4VP, was proposed. Because the diblock copolymer diffusion process is controlled by the activated hopping of individual block copolymer chains with the thermodynamic barrier for moving PVP segments from one to another, the formation of the network structures is achieved in a short time scale and shows "thermodynamically restricted" character. Furthermore, the resulting polymer networks were employed as templates, for the preparation of polypyrrole networks, by an electrochemical polymerization process. The prepared porous polypyrrole film was used to fabricate a chemoresistor-type gas sensor which showed high sensitivity towards ammonia.