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BackgroundGender disparities in authorship of heart failure (HF) guideline citations and clinical trials have not been examined.MethodsWe identified authors of publications referenced in Class I Recommendations in United States (n=173) and European (n=100) HF guidelines and of publications of all HF trials with >400 participants (n=118) published between 2001 and 2016. Authors' genders were determined, and changes in authorship patterns over time were evaluated with linear regression and nonparametric testing.ResultsThe median proportion of women authors per publication was 20% (interquartile range [IQR], 8%-33%) in United States guidelines, 14% (IQR, 2%-20%) in European guidelines, and 11% (IQR, 4%-20%) in HF trials. The proportion of women authors increased modestly over time in United States and European guidelines' references (β=0.005 and 0.003, respectively, from 1986 to 2016; P0.50). Overall proportions of women as first or last authors in HF trials (16%) did not change significantly over time (P=0.60). North American HF trials had the highest likelihood of having a woman as first or senior author (24%). HF trials with a woman first or senior author were associated with a higher proportion of enrolled female participants (39% versus 26%, P=0.01).ConclusionsIn HF practice guidelines and trials, few women are authors of pivotal publications. Higher number of women authors is associated with higher enrollment of women in HF trials. Barriers to authorship and representation of women in HF guidelines and HF trial leadership need to be addressed.

This document catalogs the reflections of a team of students and one faculty member who researched the history of demands for an Asian American Studies program at Brooklyn College. The authors explain their initial interests in the Asian American Studies Program project, describe their learning process as well as the research methods used. They discuss how their commitment to the project transformed during the research process, as well as their reactions to the final documentary video product, Why Is There No Asian American Studies Program at Brooklyn College. KEYWORDS student activism, Asian American Studies, Brooklyn College, student research, Cherry Lou Sy On March 16, 2021, a series of shootings that targeted Asian spas or massage parlors occurred in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, Georgia. The gunman killed eight [...]

Purpose/objectives: Research is an integral part of oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS) residency training. This study aimed to identify the current barriers perceived by OMS residents toward conducting research during training. Methods: A cross‐sectional, questionnaire‐based study was conducted. The survey was distributed to 670 OMS residents across the United States in 2021 and consisted of questions regarding demographics, residency program requirements and resources, and perceived barriers to research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact tests, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and post hoc Dunn's test with a statistical significance of P < 0.05. Results: The response rate was 24.2%. Most participants' programs had a minimum research requirement to complete a residency (80%). The top three reported barriers to completing research were lack of time (84%), limited access to research mentors or supervisors (37%), and lack of access to biostatistical support (31%). Factors associated with these barriers included the lack of a research director, supervisor, mentor, assistant, or statistician. There was no significant difference between residents in programs with protected research time versus those without. Conclusions: OMS residents generally viewed research experience during residency as beneficial but reported important barriers, most notably: insufficient time. Although most OMS training programs in the US require research for completion, many do not provide adequate time to facilitate this process. Compared with literature from over a decade ago, it appears little progress has been made to remedy similar barriers to research. Addressing this deficiency may increase the quantity and quality of research, furthering the profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Technological advancement and enhanced education level of aging population demand more effective and evidence‐based cognitive trainings. Besides conventional computer‐based cognitive training (CBCT), immersive virtual reality cognitive training (VRCT) has been gaining popularity over the last decade. Method: The overall aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness on VRCT and CBCT in five specific cognitive domains [i.e. global cognitive function (GCF), memory (Mem), executive function (EF), language (Lang) and visuospatial skills (VS)] of individuals with mild cognitive impairment. The specific objectives were to: a) identify advantages and limitations of VRCT and CBCT; b) observe and report the trend of cognitive trainings; and c) suggest future research directions. Result: Systematic review was performed on 320 studies were yielded from five electronic databases. 18 randomized controlled trials met the PRISMA criteria, with 10 related to VRCT and 8 related to CBCT. Random‐effect model was used in determining the main effect of cognitive training in 5 specific cognitive domains. Conclusion: VRCT provided the largest effect size on VS and Lang while the smallest on EF. CBCT provided the largest effect size on Mem and Lang while the smallest on EF. VRCT and CBCT generate an opposite effect on VS. VRCT outweighs CBCT in treatment effectiveness of GCF, EF, Lang and VS. More immersive‐and‐interactive experiences in VRCT may help individuals with MCI better engage in real‐life experiences which supports skills generalization and reduces external distractions. CBCT tends to improve Mem but no definite conclusions can be made. Further investigation with more stringent research design and specific protocol are required to reach consensus about the optimum intervention regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of virtual reality cognitive training (VRCT) and conventional computer-based cognitive training (CBCT) in five specific cognitive domains (i.e., global cognitive function (GCF), memory (Mem), executive function (EF), language (Lang) and visuospatial skills (VS)) of individuals with mild cognitive impairment. A total of 320 studies were yielded from five electronic databases. Eighteen randomized controlled trials met the PRISMA criteria, with 10 related to VRCT and 8 related to CBCT. A random-effect model was used in determining the main effect of cognitive training in five specific cognitive domains. VRCT provided the largest effect size on VS and Lang while the smallest on EF. CBCT provided the largest effect size on Mem and Lang while the smallest on EF. VRCT and CBCT generate an opposite effect on VS. VRCT outweighs CBCT in treatment effectiveness of GCF, EF, Lang and VS. More immersive and interactive experiences in VRCT may help individuals with MCI better engage in real-life experiences, which supports skill generalization and reduces external distractions. CBCT tends to improve Mem but no definite conclusions can be made. Further investigation with more stringent research design and specific protocol are required to reach consensus about the optimum intervention regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical ventilation is a very effective therapy, but with many complications. Simulators are used in many fields, including medicine, to enhance safety issues. In the intensive care unit, they are used for teaching cardiorespiratory physiology and ventilation, for testing ventilator performance, for forecasting the effect of ventilatory support, and to determine optimal ventilatory management. They are also used in research and development of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) and explicit computerized protocols in closed loop. For all those reasons, cardiorespiratory simulators are one of the tools that help to decrease mechanical ventilation duration and complications. This paper describes the different types of simulators described in the literature for physiologic simulation and modeling of the respiratory system, including a new simulator (SimulResp), and proposes a validation process for these simulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Individuals with PCOS report reduced quality of life compared with those without PCOS, with possible contributing factors including infertility, hirsutism, irregular menses, and weight gain. Recent literature also supports increased associations between PCOS and co-occurring psychiatric conditions, particularly depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and eating disorders. It is concerning that a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation has been observed in individuals with PCOS. Given the high rates of psychiatric burden among those with PCOS, psychiatric care providers are well suited to be on the front lines of screening for psychiatric symptoms as well as initiating treatment. Current interventions include lifestyle changes (improving exercise and nutrition), pharmacological treatments (e.g., insulin-sensitizing agents, oral contraceptives, and psychotropic drugs), and psychotherapeutic interventions (e.g., cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based therapy). This review provides an overview of recent research on the prevalence of comorbid psychiatric conditions, a foundation in PCOS-specific symptom screening and diagnosis, and an overview of treatments for psychiatric symptoms among individuals with PCOS., Competing Interests: Dr. Hantsoo reports receiving consulting fees from PureTech Health and Flo Health. The other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests., (Copyright © 2024 by the American Psychiatric Association.)