Rezahosseini O, Hamm SR, Heftdal LD, Pérez-Alós L, Møller DL, Perch M, Madsen JR, Hald A, Hansen CB, Armenteros JJA, Pries-Heje MM, Hasselbalch RB, Fogh K, Frikke-Schmidt R, Hilsted LM, Sørensen E, Ostrowski SR, Harboe ZB, Iversen K, Bundgaard H, Sørensen SS, Rasmussen A, Garred P, and Nielsen SD
Introduction: We investigated humoral and T-cell responses within 12 months after first BNT162b2 vaccine in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and controls who had received at least three vaccine doses. Furthermore, we compared the immune response in participants with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection., Methods: We included adult liver, lung, and kidney transplant recipients, and controls were selected from a parallel cohort of healthcare workers., Results: At 12th-month, the IgG geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) (P<0.001), IgA GMCs (P=0.003), and median IFN-γ (P<0.001) were lower in SOT recipients than in controls. However, in SOT recipients and controls with previous infection, the neutralizing index was 99%, and the IgG, and IgA responses were comparable. After adjustment, female-sex (aOR: 3.6, P<0.009), kidney (aOR: 7.0, P= 0.008) or lung transplantation (aOR: 7.5, P= 0.014), and use of mycophenolate (aOR: 5.2, P=0.03) were associated with low IgG non response. Age (OR:1.4, P=0.038), time from transplantation to first vaccine (OR: 0.45, P<0.035), and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR: 0.14, P<0.001), were associated with low IgA non response. Diabetes (OR:2.4, P=0.044) was associated with T-cell non response., Conclusion: In conclusion, humoral and T-cell responses were inferior in SOT recipients without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection but comparable to controls in SOT recipients with previous infection., Competing Interests: OR received a grant from Rigshospitalet related to this work, and a grant from AP Møller Fonden not related to this work. MP received a grant from Roche, non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees from Mallinckrodt, Novartis, GSK, and Astra-Zeneca not related to this work. ZH received a grant from Independent Research Fund. SS reported other non-financial relations with Alexion, Hansa Biopharma, and Corline Biomedical, outside the submitted work. PG received grants from The Carlsberg Foundation, the Novo Nordisk Foundation and the Svend Andersen Foundation related to this work. SN received unrestricted research grants from Novo Nordisk Foundation and Independent Research Fund. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Rezahosseini, Hamm, Heftdal, Pérez-Alós, Møller, Perch, Madsen, Hald, Hansen, Armenteros, Pries-Heje, Hasselbalch, Fogh, Frikke-Schmidt, Hilsted, Sørensen, Ostrowski, Harboe, Iversen, Bundgaard, Sørensen, Rasmussen, Garred and Nielsen.)